Pompeii 유물(Field Museum/Chicago 전시)

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Detail, bronze statue of Apollo, Pompeii

This piece was taken from the house of Julius Polybius, a man of Greek descent who, according to nearby election exhortations, was running for public office during the time of the eruption. This brilliant bronze statue of Apollo has been converted to a lamp stand and was found locked up in the villa along with other objects of upper-middle class economic status.

SAP 22924, First century AD, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Marble statue of woman, Pompeii

This statue originally depicted a member of the Istacidi family who were the final owners of the Villa of the Mysteries. However, Emperor Tiberius had the original head replaced with his mother Livia's likeness. The home, which was in a state of neglect due to the earthquake of AD 62, became dedicated to wine-making in the last stages of its life.

SAP 4400; Augustan period, head from Tiberian period, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Drinking Cup, Herculaneum

This small drinking cup in chalcedonic agate is among the rare objects in semi-precious stone found in the Vesuvius area. The cup was discovered in Arcade 7 on the beaches of Herculaneum, where large-scale excavations revealed the bodies of nearly 300 fugitives.

SAP 78969, first century AD, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Doctor's Kit, Herculaneum

Found amongst the 32 skeletons found in Arcade 12 in Herculaneum, this case contained surgical instruments that a doctor apparently tried to take with him. In it were found copper cylinders, surgical instruments like scalpels and chisels, forceps, pliers, hooks, and a needle. These instruments are a testament to the advancements of Roman surgery in Pompeii's era.

SAP 78999-79000, Flavian period, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Resin cast of young girl, Oplontis

This somewhat gruesome cast represents an experimental technique used in the 1984 excavations of Oplontis. The moment the body was excavated, a transparent epoxy resin was poured into the cavity left by the body. The cast allows the viewer to observe remains that were not yet deteriorated in the cavity— many bones and even teeth are apparent through this transparent material.

SAP © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Cast of Victims, Pompeii

The adult and child shown here were found near a second adult and child pair in the House of the Golden Bracelet. The four are thought to make up a small family group that was found under the staircase of the House of the Golden Bracelet on the western slope of Pompeii. The four were killed by the collapse of the staircase, which led to the villa's garden and, further on, to the seafront.

SAP © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Cast of Outstretched man, Pompeii

This man was among a group of victims who fled into the garden of the House of the Cryptoporticus after the initial rain of pumice had diminished. This house has been identified as a home that also opened its triclinia, or dining room, to the public in the summer, and the victims are thus thought to be customers of the triclinia.

SAP © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Cast of dog, Pompeii

The owners of this dog unfortunately left him tied to a chain when they fled from the House of Orpheus. The dog, who managed to stay alive during the first phase of the eruption, was finally overwhelmed by the last surge on the morning of August 25.

Photo by G. Sommer, late 1800s.

Detail of fresco, Building of the Triclinia

In modern day Moregine, south of Pompeii, excavators found this important building, which houses three triclinia, or dining rooms. The walls of these rooms were covered in frescoes of extraordinarily high quality, and the detail here is thought to be a depiction of Nero as Apollo, surrounded by numerous muses (not shown). These frescoes were uncovered by accident during a recent expansion of the Italian autostrada or highway.

SAP 85182; First century AD, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Detail of fresco, House of the Golden Bracelet

The home in which this fresco was found was built on three levels looking out over the sea, along the panoramic western slope of Pompeii. The luxuriousness of the home and quality of this wall fresco support the conclusion that the family that lived here was quite wealthy. Pictured here are three figures: a male wearing an ivy wreath—thought to be the poet Euphorion, a female reading a diptych, and a boy with a red cloak and a plate for offerings.

SAP 86075; AD 30-35, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Detail of fresco, House of the Cryptoporticus

Framed by wooden shutters, these little pictures are called pinakes, depicting still life paintings and symbolic scenes relating to the Dionysiac mysteries. Here, the scene depicts Ariadne being carried on a chariot, led by a female playing the double flute.

SAP 59468; 40-20 BC, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Detail of fresco, Caupona of Salvius

This particular caupona, or inn, in Pompeii, sold food and drink to a clientele of lower social status, as evidenced in the scenes of this fresco: Myrtale, a prostitute, kissing a man; a woman delivering a large jug and cup while two customers compete to be served; and a quarrel and brawl between two dice players, who are eventually asked to leave the caupona by the proprietor.

MANN 111482, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Napoli e Caserta

House with Large portal, Herculaneum

The half columns and cornice used in the portal to this house were put there after the earthquake of AD 62, but were created in the style of earlier Hellenistic symbols.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Crater, Mount Vesuvius

Visitors to Vesuvius who take a 30-minute walk up to the summit, which is at an altitude of about 4,200 feet, are rewarded with sweeping vistas of the Mediterranean and surrounding seaside towns.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Southern city wall, Pompeii

Travelers often used this area—outside the Pompeii city walls on the southern edge of town—as a sort of farmer's market. Vendors from neighboring suburbs and farms brought their goods to this site just outside the city, where Pompeii residents could shop.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Old city street, Pompeii

A view of the Via delle Tombe (Street of the Tombs), looking southeast. This street lies just outside the city walls of Pompeii, and leads northwest to the city of Herculaneum.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Terra Cotta Figure

From the Field Museum collection of Roman artifacts

© The Field Museum, Diane Alexander White, A114174c_31991

Bronze Pitcher

From The Field Museum collections of Roman artifacts

© The Field Museum, Diane Alexander White, A114174c_24341

Marble Bust

From The Field Museum collections of Roman artifacts

© The Field Museum, Diane Alexander White, A114174c_26756

Memorial Arch, Pompeii

Vesuvius seen through a memorial arch on the Via del Foro, just north of the forum, looking northwest.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Cast, man seated, Pompeii

This plaster cast represents a fugitive that was found in the east portico of Pompeii's Large Palaestra. The Palaestra was one of the largest public spaces in the city, used primarily as a gymnasium for youth, and included a large swimming pool. This is one of only two casts that have successfully been taken from the nearly 100 bodies that were found here.

SAP © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompei

Baths, Herculaneum

Public baths were an important part of daily life in ancient Italy. Since plumbing was not widely available, the majority of residents bathed in these public spaces, which provided both hot and cold water baths. The baths also served as meeting places where men and women chatted, conducted business, and gave and received invitations.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Marble head of an Amazon, Herculaneum

This exquisite work is just one of the many rich works of art discovered at Herculaneum's Villa of the Papyri. The home is one of the largest and most luxurious dwellings yet discovered in the Roman world, and received its name from the nearly 2,000 scrolls that were recovered there.

SAP 80499, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Thermopolis, Herculaneum

The bar of this thermopolis, complete with inset dolia, or storage jugs, probably served lunch to workers away from home and traveling customers. The dolia contained food and drink kept warm or cold because of their stone insulation. Fires burning beneath the countertop heated the jars' contents.

Skeletons, Arcade 12, Herculaneum

This "archeo-surface" is produced with plaster and the aid of silicon elastomer, which provides an extremely faithful copy of this group of skeletons, found along the beach near Arcade 12.

SAP n.n, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Strongbox, Oplontis

This unique piece was found in the peristyle of the Villa of Lucius Crassius Tertius. The wooden framework of the box is covered by iron leaves, and is inscribed with the names of three characters, possibly the artisans who created the box: Pytonymos, Pyteas, and Nicocrates.

SAP 85179, First century BC, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Skeletons, Oplontis

At least 74 people sought refuge in one room of the Villa of Lucius Crassius Tertius. It is impossible to ascertain how many of these people were inhabitants of the villa and how many were simply seeking shelter on their way to the sea. At least half of them were found with nothing on them, identifying them, in all probability, as the workmen of the villa.

SAP © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Excavation of Villa 2, Terzigno

This photo from the 1984 excavation of the Terzigno farms shows three of the five skeletons uncovered at Villa 2.

© Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Skyphos, Terzigno

The jewelry and metalware found alongside the skeletons in Villa 2 identified them as the family who owned the villa, with refined tastes and an elevated social status. This skyphos, or drinking vessel, was found among the treasures of the lady of the house. The reliefs on the side of the skyphos bear the impression of erotes, or winged gods of love, in Roman mythology.

SAP 33474, first half of First century AD, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Detail of fresco, Building of the Triclinia

Excavators found these important frescoes in modern day Moregine, south of Pompeii. The walls of these rooms were covered in frescoes of extraordinarily high quality. The detail here is from the north wall of the room, and features a personified river god (Sarno?).

SAP © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Ring with incised cornelian, Pompeii

The oval bezel on this ring is thought to be incised with a winged horse or Pegasus. The ring was found among several women at the House of the Menander, one of Pompeii's most prestigious homes.

MANN 4886; First century AD, © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Napoli e Caserta

Impluvium, Pompeii

The square basin at the bottom of this atrium is an impluvium, built to store water that poured in through a hole in the roof, called a compluvium, shown here in the House of the Menander. Roofs were built on a slant to funnel rain water directly into the impluvium below, where it was used to wash household items like clothes and dishes.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Cast of child, Pompeii

The child shown here was found near the body of another child and two adults in the House of the Golden Bracelet. The four are thought to make up a small family group that was found under the staircase of this home on the western slope of Pompeii. The four were killed by the collapse of the staircase, which led to the villa's garden and, further on, to the seafront.

SAP © Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali - Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompeii

Courtyard, Herculaneum

Only the lower levels of houses and the bases of tall columns still remain in the excavated portions of Herculaneum. The pyroclastic flow that occurred in the later phases of the eruption swept away most of the upper stories of buildings.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Courtyard, Pompeii

This large courtyard, or peristyle, from an upper-class home, remained relatively unscathed in terms of structural damage. The initial rain of ash and lapilli served to bury many of the Pompeii's structures, keeping them safe from the pyroclastic surge that came later.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

Crater, Mount Vesuvius

Inside the crater at the summit of Vesuvius, small wisps of vapor—called fumaroles—can still be detected. The chemical makeup of the fumarole gases is monitored by the Osservatorio Vesuviana (the Vesuvian Observatory), along with measurements of land deformation and seismic activity.

© The Field Museum, Matt Matcuk

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