<![CDATA[
<p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99C78C395B79101C2F" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="산서성지도.jpg" id="A_99C78C395B79101C2F5052"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99C115395B79101E1E" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="평요고성지도.jpg" id="A_99C115395B79101E1EA540"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99B7B4335B79115447" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180801_162925.jpg" id="A_99B7B4335B79115447890F"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/995CE7395B79101F01" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180816_074741.jpg" id="A_995CE7395B79101F014FF8"/></p><p><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99F06F395B7910201B" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180816_074826.jpg" id="A_99F06F395B7910201B4AD5"/><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99AE0A3F5B7911BA2C" class="txc-image" width="576" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="576" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_153845.jpg" id="A_99AE0A3F5B7911BA2C7B44"/></p><p>김용옥 교수의 위 책 견해<br>1. 35년이란 짧은 시간에 운강 조성 미스테리 <br>-남.북방, 전세계 예술인이 다 몰려들었고 그 중 상당수가 고구려인<br>북위왕조는 재정적 지원 <br><br>-고구려와 전진은 상호교류<br><br>-운강조성 예술가집단은 운강사업이 쇠퇴하며 용문석굴조성으로 이동 <br>고구려 백제 신라로 다시 흩어져 각 지역의 불사 조성사업에 주도적 참여<br><br>운강19굴과 석굴암 비교<br>운강은 사암<br>석굴암은 화강암<br>양자는 심층구조는 공유하나<br>석굴암은 기하학 구도의 완성미 세련<br>내려감은 눈 터질듯한 미소 머금은 입술의 정갈한 표현이<br>無上의 순정純淨한 초연함을 드러냄<br><br>견해2.<br>북위의 운강조성사업은 동아시아문명세계에 혁명적인 변화, 문명의 3대 요소 중 아름다움의 창조적 상향의 폭발적 에포크를 가져옴 단시간에 이뤄져 충격과 반향이 컷다.<br>그 중 가장 중요한 것이 <br>반가좌사유상의 출현이다.<br>반가좌사유상은 인도 중앙아시아에도 양식이 있지만<br>운강에서 태어나 동아시아 전반의 흐름을 주도한 새로운 양식으로 정형화됨<br><br>반가좌사유상은 고민하는 태자상으로<br>인간의 모습<br>여래상은 해탈인의 모습<br><br>반가좌사유상은 19세기에 로댕의 생각하는 사나이로 재창조됨<br><br>반가사유상은 정형화되며 미륵사상과 결합<br>운강 제8굴 동벽감상은<br>미륵상생사상 표현<br>우리의 반가사유의 미륵얼굴의 조형이라 할수있음<br><br>미륵상생사상은 미륵이 교각하고 설법하는 도솔천에 왕생하려는 열망 표현<br><br>미륵상생사상은 미륵하생사상과 반드시 결합하는데<br>미륵하생의 혁명적 사회변화를 신앙하는 젊은 무사들의 단체가 화랑이고<br>화랑의 이데아적 모습이 반가사유의 싯달타 태자와 결합하는 묘한 예술적 흐름을 형성하게 됨<br><br>견해3<br>일본인 후찌가미 사다스케淵上貞助가 1912년에 수집해 총독부에 기증한 국보제78호 반가사유상은<br>고구려작품임<br>보관 의상 팔찌 선의 흐름이 신라 것과 매우 다름<br>미소는 있으나 얼굴 윤곽 눈의 찢어짐이 매우 호쾌하여 북방무사적 기질이 나타남<br>결정적인 것은 미륵의 이미지가 훨씬 더 강하게 부각되어 있고 운강 용문의 북위 예술의 영향을 더 직접적으로 느끼게 함<br>고구려예술의 장쾌한 모습을 나타내는 모습으로 재평가해야 할것임<br><br>견해4<br>일본국보제1호 광륭사 반가사유상은<br> 신라왕이 성덕태자가 훌륭한 정치를 한다고 생각하여 선물한 것 일본 목각은 예외없이 쿠노스키楠라는 장목樟木인데 반가상은 아카마쯔赤松계열<br><br>일본서기에 성덕태자가 도래인 진하승秦河勝에게 불상을 주었다는 기록과 성덕태자31년에 신라가 태자에게 불상을 선물했고 그것을 광륭사에 안치했다는 기록 있음<br><br>서양의 모나리자<br>동양의 이 반가사유상<br>칼 야스퍼스 : 인간이 상상할 수 있는 모든 세속의 기운이 한 티끌조차 남아있지 않은 성스러움의 극치<br><br>북위로부터 고구려를 거치면서 그 순화된 싯달타의 고뇌하는 순결한 모습이 인류사의 가장 위대한 예술로 승화되어 나타난 것임<br><br>견해5<br>고구려에서 신라 경주로 가는 2루트<br>조령루트: 한강하류 여주 충주 조령 문경 함창 상주 선산 경주<br>죽령루트: 충주 단양 죽령 영주 봉화 안동 의성 군위 대구 경주<br><br>반가좌상은 2루트에 모두 나타남 석탑 석굴 마애불이 2루트에 있음<br><br>백제<br>서해 건너 부여 가기 전에 서산에 승려들이 정착<br>서산마애불은 협시보살이 문수 보현의 삼존이라 보기 어렵다<br><br>향우의 반가사유상은<br>상반신 나형裸形 세요細腰 하상下裳<br>기타 특징은 사유상의 구조적 특징을 공유<br><br>세계불교사에 유래가 없는 불교의 우리식 이해를 보여준다.<br><br>견해7<br>운강 제5굴 누각상층 동측감실 좌불은 고구려 신라의 반가좌사유상의 조형을 이루는 걸작으로 운강전체 대표하는 가장 정묘한 작품<br><br>오가와 세이요오小川晴暘의 광륭사 반가사유상 사진<br><br>북위 운강 제5굴 감실좌상에서 광륭사 반가사유상을 연결하는 인류사 최정상의 두 작품을 연결하는 것은<br>고구려패러다임이었음</p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/999EB8395B7910210E" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152848.jpg" id="A_999EB8395B7910210E2FE3"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9937D4395B79102215" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152859.jpg" id="A_9937D4395B79102215D309"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99850E395B7910230F" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152904.jpg" id="A_99850E395B7910230F040E"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99B068375B79102405" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152913.jpg" id="A_99B068375B79102405BB69"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99881E375B7910251B" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152921.jpg" id="A_99881E375B7910251BDC34"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/991125375B79102712" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152931.jpg" id="A_991125375B79102712117A"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99B10A375B79102805" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152935.jpg" id="A_99B10A375B79102805C9AE"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99E157375B79102816" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152945.jpg" id="A_99E157375B7910281611E4"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9969DD375B7910291F" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_152948.jpg" id="A_9969DD375B7910291FBC4E"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9960DD375B79102A0C" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_153002.jpg" id="A_9960DD375B79102A0C368D"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99969A375B79102B1A" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_153009.jpg" id="A_99969A375B79102B1A2CDB"/></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99DDD3405B7E642824" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180820_145148.jpg" id="A_99DDD3405B7E6428245EE5"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;">운강도록의 張작(火+卓) 집필 논고<br><br><!--StartFragment--></p><p class="0" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">운강 조성의 배경</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">동기</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">영향</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">1. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">업도불교 중심 인물인 불도징</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">, </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">도안을 계승하는 법과</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">法果</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">의 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">'</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">황제는 현재의 부처라</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">'</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">라는 사상</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">2.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">북위 도무제</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">-</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">태무제의 정복민 이주정책으로 양주 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">凉州</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">이민</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">吏民 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">만호가 수도 평성</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">平城</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">으로 이주</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">. 3</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">천명의 승려 포함</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">하서</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">河西</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">불교의 정체가 이동해와 운강 조성의 주력이 됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">평성은 북중국 정치 군사 경제 문화 중심지가 되어</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">각지의 귀족관료 유교 도교 성직자 승려 장인 예술가 상인 조세 금은재화가 집결해 불교신앙중심지가 됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">불교와 도교의 경쟁으로 일어난 태무제의 참혹한 폐불을 겪으며</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"> </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">나무처럼 썩지않고 흙처럼 붕괴하지 않고 쇠처럼 녹여지지 않고 영구적인 돌에다 수십척 높이에 수백수천의 불상 조성해 보는 자에게 감동을 불러 일으키게 함</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">4. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">인도 바라나시의 녹야원을 북위의 수도 북쪽에 조성하여 동방의 녹야원을 조성함</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">북위 수도 평성이 실크로드의 동단이 되면서 중앙아시아 상인 인도승려</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">胡商梵僧</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">가 운집함</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">인도석굴조성문화가 신강</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">新疆 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">경유해 하서</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">河西 關</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">롱</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">(</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">관중 농서</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">)</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">에서 평성으로 전파됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">양주</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">凉州 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">고승이 서역풍 불교조상예술 전파</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">뒤이어 인도 스리랑카 서역 승려가 불경 불상 화본</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">畵本</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">을 가지고 상인 사신을 따라 옴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">문성제 때 담요</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">曇曜</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">의 건의로 전국의 불상을 평성에 집결</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">끝으로 서주의 승장</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">僧匠</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">이 북상해 운강 불사 주도</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">운강은 고승과 예장</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">藝匠</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">이 공동 설계한</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">신강</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">新疆 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">동쪽 최초 대형석굴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">동으로 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">요녕 의현</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">義縣</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">만불당석굴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">남으로 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">낙양 용문석굴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">서로</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">감숙 경천</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">涇川 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">남 석굴사 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">병령사 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">돈황막고굴에 영향</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">운강은 담요부터 당나라 초의 도선</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">道宣 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">요예 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">遙禮</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">까지 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">200</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년 간 중국 불교 문화의 중심이었음</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">다음엔 운강의 양식에 대한 장작의 논고 내용을 요약하겠습니다</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">운강도록</span></p><p class="0" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">운강의 양식 변화</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">1. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">양주</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">凉州 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승장의 서역 남북 양로 문화 혼합된 서역 양식으로 설계에 중국 각지의 예술가가 참여하여 조성</span></p><p class="0" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">단순한 인도 중앙아시아 신강 모방 재현이 아니다</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">2.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">초기 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">문성제 담요</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">중기 헌문제 풍</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">馮</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">태후 효문제 황실조성 대형</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">말기 낙양천도후 민간 추가 조성</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">전기 서역식</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">후기 중국식</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">담요</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 운강 전형 대표 서역 양식의 전파로 조성 정상급</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">가사의 모직은 중앙아시아 파미르 산간 유목지역 국가의 복장 특징</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">18</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">10</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">대 제자는 서역인종</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">4. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">전성기 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">466</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년헌문제 즉위부터 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">494</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년 효쿤제 낙양천도까지</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">1.2, 5.6, 7.8, 9.10 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">쌍굴 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">4</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">조</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">11.12.13 3</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">1</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">조</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">방형</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">方形</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">중심탑주</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">塔柱</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">전후전당식</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">殿堂式</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">조각 내용 형식 복잡</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">초기의 궁륭 천장이</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">평녹조정</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">平木藻井</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">천장으로</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">상하중</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">重</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">층</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">좌우분단 좌우대칭</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">양식이 나타남</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">석가 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">미륵 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">석가다보</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">2</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">불</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">유마문수문답</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">교각보살</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">호법천신</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">본생경</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">비천</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">비구</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">역사</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">금강</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">기악천</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">공양천</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">출자</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">出資</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">공양인물</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">동물</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">화문</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">花紋</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">도안</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">7.8</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 운강 첫 쌍굴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">천장에 연화 비천</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">7</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴문공포에 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">두</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">4</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">비</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">8</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴문공포에 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">두 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">8</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">비 마혜라천</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">두 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">6</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">비 구마라천</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">인도밀교 영향</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">9.10</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 중국전통의</span></p><p class="0" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">外 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">전정</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">前庭 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">웅사</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">雄獅 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">대상</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">大象</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">의 낭주</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">廊柱</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">는 고</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">古</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">인도 희랍 로마 건축양식</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5.6</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">17.4</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">미터 최대불상</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">6</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 탑묘</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">廟</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 석가일생부조벽화</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">12</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 낭주식 전당</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">殿堂</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">동서악기 기악천 고대음악사자료</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">중기</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">호풍이 주도 양식이고 중국풍 대두</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">신강 니소</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">泥塑</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">상이 모델이 됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">초기에 비해 건장 미려하고 자유분방하나 강건한 개성은 상실</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">불의 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">우견편단 통견에서</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">포의박대</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">褒衣博帶</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">(</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">포복</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">) </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">출현</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">보살상에</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">보관 외에 화</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">花</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">관 등장</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">숄이나 펄럭이는 의상이 나타남</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">486</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년 효문제 한화정책 복</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">服</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">제개혁 반영</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">서역풍이 중국인풍으로 바뀜</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">서역 불교 불상 영향의</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">양</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">凉</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">주 주도 지위가</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">481</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년 효문제의 서</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">徐</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">주 학승 초빙으로 동요됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">6</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 최초로 포의박대이나 서역인모습</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">11.12.13</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴 외벽 감실은 완전 중국인모습</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">6.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">말기</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">494</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년 효문제 낙양천도후</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">민간 주도 중소굴 조성</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">유형복잡 양식다변</span></p><p class="0" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">굴내부 방형</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">方整</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">탑굴 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">4</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">벽</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">감 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">重</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">감</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">불의 일률적으로 포의박대</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">얼굴 말랐고 목이 가늘고 어깨 좁음</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">운강도록</span></p><p class="0" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">중국불교사에서 북위 평성시대 불교의 공헌</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">1. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">남방불교 혜원의</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">사문불경왕자론</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">沙門不敬王者</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">론과 달리 불교가 통치자에 협력한다는 사상</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">2.</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승관</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">僧官</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">제도 탄생</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">도무제 법과</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">法果</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">를 도인통</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">道人統</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">으로 임명</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">문성제 담요</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">曇曜</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">를 사문통</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">沙門統</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">으로 임명하고</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">도유나</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">都維那 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">감복조</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">監福曺</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">를 둠</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">주진</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">州鎭 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">기군</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">畿郡</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">에</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승통</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">僧統 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">유나</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">사원에</span></p><p class="0" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">유나 상좌</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">上座 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">사주</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">寺主</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">(3</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">강</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">綱</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">)</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">설치</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">효문제 때 모반사건으로</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승적 관리</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">감복조를 소현</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">昭玄</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">으로 바꾸고 관리를 배정</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">태화</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">17</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년 제정한 는 국가 시행 승려법전으로</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"> </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">법률적으로 승려제도 탄생하고 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승려가 국가 승인의 사회 집단이 되고</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">국가 법률에 복종케함</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승려는 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">밖으로 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">국가법률에 따르고</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">안으로 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">계율을 지키는</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승려제도 탄생으로</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">독립적인 권리를 가지게 됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">탁발 보시에 의존하다 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">독자적 사원 경제 형성</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">양주의 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">만호 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">1</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">천명 승려 집단 포로 평성으로 이주시킴</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">운강 조성의 승려 공장</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">工匠 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">식량 제공 공사 재정 위해 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">곡식 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">60</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">섬을 세금으로 승조에 내는 정복민</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승기호</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">僧祇戶</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">와 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">잡역 노동 노비인 불도호</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">佛圖戶 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">제도는</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">당대</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">唐代</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">의 </span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">사원 도관의 천민인 부곡과 노비의 원류로</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">중국지주장원경제의 특수형태의 하나</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">4. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">승단정치의 핵심 형성</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">참선수행의 양</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">凉</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">주파 승려에 대하여</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">강경</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">講經</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">의 학승인 서</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">徐</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">주파 승려가 태화 연간에 초빙되어 상위를 차지하고 압력</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">선승과 강승의 대립</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">문성제 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">462</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년부터</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">효문제 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">486</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">년까지</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">담요가 북대</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">北臺 </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">석굴사에 승려 집결시켜</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">역경 사업</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">특히 부법장인연경</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">付法藏因緣傳</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">은</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">중국불교조사전등</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">祖師傳燈</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">사상의 선구가 됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">당대 이후 불학 종파 의 입조전종</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">立祖傳宗</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">의 연원이 됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">6. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">화엄경이 성행되기 시작</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">윈강 조성은 중국불교사상체계의 완비를 반영함</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">법화 유마 금광명 무량수 미륵 등 대승경전 이해와 운강 조성은 연관됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">특히 화엄경이 집중적으로 읽히고 연구되어</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">당대 이후 화엄종과 화엄학의 기초가 닦임</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">7. </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">四分律</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">이 강의 됨</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">후진 장안에서 번역</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">북위 평성에서 사분율 연구 일어남</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">북제를 거쳐</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 함초롬바탕;">당대에 사분율 성행</span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="0" style="mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 한컴바탕;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/990FFB365B79128721" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_5736.jpg" id="A_990FFB365B791287218A38"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99D1C5335B790DA324" class="txc-image" width="960" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="960" exif="{}" data-filename="1534633768972.jpg" id="A_99D1C5335B790DA3240D66"/></p><p><br></p><p><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/990544335B7911581D" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180801_162954.jpg" id="A_990544335B7911581DFFA0"/></p><p>일본 천태종 제2세 좌주 엔닌스님은 해상왕 장보고의 배를 타고 신라인의 도움을 받아 </p><p>당의 수도 장안에 가면서 2달을 오대산에 머물렀다.</p><p>스님의 구법순례행기를 일본 장보고 답사하며 읽어보고</p><p>오대산 순례를 염원한 지 10여 년만에 오대산을 다녀왔다.<br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99F7C03C5B7913670A" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_1970.jpg" id="A_99F7C03C5B7913670AD1BC"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99A4F13C5B79136921" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_1969.jpg" id="A_99A4F13C5B791369215938"/></p><p>현공사에 서하객도 답사했다.</p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99C34D335B79115B34" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180801_163058.jpg" id="A_99C34D335B79115B34D5DD"/></p><p style="text-align: center;">17세기 명나라 서하객 여행기, 그는 오대산, 현공사, 대리, 여강 등 전 중국을 평생동안 여행하고</p><p style="text-align: center;">방대한 여행기를 남겼다.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/991B5C335B790DA431" class="txc-image" width="540" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="540" exif="{}" data-filename="1534634722719.jpg" id="A_991B5C335B790DA43111D3"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9909AF335B790DA40D" class="txc-image" width="960" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="960" exif="{}" data-filename="1534634734182.jpg" id="A_9909AF335B790DA40D5E02"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9907A0335B790DA546" class="txc-image" width="960" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="960" exif="{}" data-filename="1534634771176.jpg" id="A_9907A0335B790DA546530A"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9998BD425B7901EC31" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_4913.jpg" id="A_9998BD425B7901EC318663"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9982AC425B7901EF03" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_4914.jpg" id="A_9982AC425B7901EF039F0E"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99D2A44D5B7901F31F" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_4916.jpg" id="A_99D2A44D5B7901F31FCFF5"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99F6354D5B7901F41D" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_4917.jpg" id="A_99F6354D5B7901F41DB50F"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9983664D5B7901F713" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_4918.jpg" id="A_9983664D5B7901F713FDCF"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99CAE14D5B7901F90F" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_4919.jpg" id="A_99CAE14D5B7901F90FE2CE"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/994C334D5B79020216" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_5421.jpg" id="A_994C334D5B790202168101"/></p><p>야오동(窯洞)</p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9935FB465B7902053B" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_5424.jpg" id="A_9935FB465B7902053B9390"/></p><p>칠석 情人절</p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99780D465B79056A21" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_6229.jpg" id="A_99780D465B79056A21DED4"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/995FF34C5B79089023" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_5919.jpg" id="A_995FF34C5B790890234370"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99F1BB4C5B7908922A" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_5917.jpg" id="A_99F1BB4C5B7908922A76A2"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99CF124C5B7908941B" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_5918.jpg" id="A_99CF124C5B7908941B4F0D"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99A049465B79056C0E" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_6350.jpg" id="A_99A049465B79056C0EF81B"/></p><p>베이징 부근의 봉수대</p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/991B2E465B79056F17" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_6351.jpg" id="A_991B2E465B79056F173D6C"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/993F03465B79057125" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_6352.jpg" id="A_993F03465B79057125BB5E"/></p><p><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99F7A1375B79102D13" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_2072.jpg" id="A_99F7A1375B79102D13D7C9"/></p><p>꽈리 맛이 달콤</p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/998AFD465B7905740F" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_6195.jpg" id="A_998AFD465B7905740FF303"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9936B7465B79057715" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_5735.jpg" id="A_9936B7465B790577150943"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/9995B2465B79020715" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="IMG_5423.jpg" id="A_9995B2465B790207150958"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img width="1024" class="txc-image" id="tx_entry_21445_" style="clear: none; float: none;" src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99D276335B78F9612F" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180816_085601.jpg" id="A_99D276335B78F9612F54B9"/></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img width="1024" class="txc-image" id="tx_entry_65016_" style="clear: none; float: none;" src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/995D3B335B78F96327" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180816_085528.jpg" id="A_995D3B335B78F963271604"/></p><p>평요고성 관청에서 기념품으로 80위안 주고 사 온 징니연澄泥硯</p><p>당나라 이후 4대 벼루는</p><p>단연(端硯竹爐詩屋-단계연, 대나무 화로, 시가 있는 집-추사 서예 작품), 징니연, 흡연, 조하연</p><p>징니연은 흙과 아교를 배합하여 구워내는 흙벼루</p><p>삼국시대 흙벼루를 썼다.</p><p> </p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img width="1024" class="txc-image" id="tx_entry_43268_" style="clear: none; float: none;" src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99D2DA335B78F9650F" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180818_123958.jpg" id="A_99D2DA335B78F9650FF15D"/></p><p style="text-align: center;">오대산 화훼산장에 묵으며 본 대련을 모방하여 오대산 순례 기념으로 서예 입문 5개월의 초보지만 써 본 것임.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;">조관영산선경: 아침에 신령스러운 오대산의 신선경을 보고</p><p style="text-align: center;">모사능엄불경: 저녁에 능엄경 불경을 베끼네.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/99FA0E335B79115E1E" class="txc-image" width="1024" style="clear: none; float: none;" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" exif="{}" data-filename="20180804_100442.jpg" id="A_99FA0E335B79115E1EFA4B"/></p><p>현석 이호신 화백의 운제산 오어사 여름풍경 그림</p><p>이호신 화가는 대영박물관에 작품이 소장될 정도로 이름난 분</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p>
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카페 게시글
다녀온 후에(답사자료)
스크랩
雲岡 五臺山 資料 山西省 風景
월성
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조회 243
18.08.23 16:45
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1. 김홍식, 조유전 <중국산서성 고건축 기행>(고즈윈)
2. 마세장, <중국 불교석굴>(다알미디어)
3. 이윤화, <중국 고전건축의 원리> (시공사)
4. 이현국, <중국고탑의 조형과 예술> (황매희)
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