Olympic weightlifting - clean and jerk , the snatch, (Clean and press)

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Olympic weightlifting

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This article is about the sport of weightlifting. For the muscle-building activity involving weights, see weight training. For using weights to develop physique, see bodybuilding.

Greek commemorative coin featuring modern and ancient weightlifting (latter picture taken from Grecian vase).

 

Olympic weightlifting, also called Olympic-style weightlifting or weightlifting, is a sport in which participants attempt a maximum weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates.

The two lifts competed are the clean and jerk and the snatch.

(Clean and press was another weightlifting technique, discontinued due to difficulties in judging proper form.)

The compound word "weightlifting" is also often used to refer to weight training.

In comparison with powerlifting which tests limit strength (with or without lifting aids), weightlifting tests ballistic limits (explosive strength) with smaller weights, such that the lifts must be executed faster and with more mobility, because of a greater range of motion during the lifts. However, parts of the lift, especially in the clean and jerk, do test for absolute strength, as power is not an issue in executing that part of the lift.

While there are relatively few competitive Olympic lifters, the lifts and their components are commonly used by elite athletes to train for explosive and functional strength.

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 Competition

The competitive sport is controlled by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). Based in Budapest, it was founded in 1905.

Competitors compete in one of eight (seven for women) divisions determined by their body mass. These classes are: men's: 56 kg (123 lb), 62 kg (137 lb), 69 kg (152 lb), 77 kg (170 lb), 85 kg (187 lb), 94 kg (207 lb), 105 kg (231 lb), and over 105 kg; and women's: 48 kg (106 lb), 53 kg (117 lb), 58 kg (128 lb), 63 kg (139 lb), 69 kg (152 lb), 75 kg (165 lb), and over 75 kg.^[1] In each weight division, competitors compete in both the snatch and clean and jerk, and prizes are usually given for the heaviest weights lifted in the snatch, clean and jerk, and the two combined.

The order of the competition is up to the lifters – the competitor who chooses to attempt the lowest weight goes first. If they are unsuccessful at that weight, they have the option of reattempting that lift or trying a heavier weight later (after any other competitors have made attempts at that weight or any intermediate weights). Weights are set in 1 kilogram increments and each lifter can have a maximum of three lifts, regardless of whether lifts are successful or not.^[1]

The title "best lifter" is commonly awarded at local competitions. The award is based on the lifters' Sinclair Coefficients, which calculate strength-to-weight ratio of the lifters.^[2] Typically, the winner of the heaviest weight class will have lifted the most weight, but a lifter in a lighter weight class will have lifted more in proportion to his bodyweight.

 

1928~68년의 국제대회에서 행해지던 종목은 3가지 형태로, 인상·용상·프레스로 나누어져 있었다.
모든 역도 종목에서 바벨은 처음에 바닥에 놓여 있게 된다.

인상 종목에서 선수는 바벨을 단 한 번의 연속적·폭발적인 동작을 통해 머리 위로 팔을 완전히 뻗어 끝까지 들어올려야 하는데, 이때 바벨을 완전히 들어올려 똑바른 자세로 서기 전까지는 발을 움직이거나 웅크리는 자세를 취하는 것이 허용된다. 반면

용상 종목은 2번에 나누어서 들어올리기를 시도하는데, 첫번째가 바벨을 어깨높이로 들어올리는 것이고 2번째가 정해진 시간 안에 머리 위로 팔을 편 높이까지 순간적으로 끌어올리는 것으로, 발의 움직임에는 역시 제한이 없다.

인상과 용상 2종목 모두의 경우에서 선수는 반드시 몸통·팔·다리 모두 꼿꼿이 펴고 양 발이 일직선에 놓인 상태에서 자세를 종료시켜야 하며, 머리 위로 들어올린 바벨을 2초 후에, 또는 심판의 신호가 떨어진 후에 다시 바닥에 내려놓아야 한다.

프레스 종목도 2번에 나누어서 들어올리기를 시도한다. 용상 종목에서와 마찬가지로 먼저 바벨을 어깨까지 들어올리며 발동작도 자유롭다. 그뒤 부동의 연속적인 동작으로 팔을 완전히 뻗어 바벨을 머리 위로 들어올린 뒤 심판의 경기완료선언이 있을 때까지 똑바로 서 있어야 한다. 그러나 바벨을 어깨에서 머리 위로 들어올리는 동작에서 다리를 움직여서는 안 된다. 역도 경기는 사방 4m의 정4각형 목재연단 위에서 행해진다. 선수의 발이 연단 밖으로 나가는 것은 허용되지 않는다.

clean and jerk

snatch

Clean and press