항공무장 Kh-101이 전쟁 기간 중 받은 개량; 탠덤 탄두, 유도체계, ECCM 등

[위종민]

우크라이나군의 발표에 따르면 전쟁 이후 러시아의 Kh-101 순항미사일은 탠덤 탄두 및 집속소이탄 탄두 장착, 유도체계 개량, ECCM(레이더 조사에 반응해 재밍 신호를 생성하고 플레어와 채프를 뿌린다고 합니다. 미사일에 RWR도 달고 재밍안테나도 달았다는? ㄷㄷㄷㄷ) 능력 개량을 받았다고 하네요. 하지만 우크라이나군은 2026년 발사된 Kh-101, Kh-55, Kh-555 순항미사일의 88%를 요격했다고 합니다. 

우크라이나, 전쟁 기간 동안 러시아가 Kh-101 미사일을 어떻게 개량했는지 공개
Sofiia Syngaivska
2026년 5월 12일

Kh-101 순항미사일 / 사진 출처: 우크라이나 국방부

우크라이나 전문가들은 러시아 Kh-101 순항미사일에서 탄두 직렬화와 전자대응체계 등을 포함한 네 가지 주요 개량 사항을 확인했다.

러시아는 전면전 기간 동안 Kh-101 순항미사일을 지속적으로 개량해 파괴력과 우크라이나 방공망에 대한 생존성을 모두 높이려 해왔다. 그러나 이러한 개량에도 불구하고 대부분의 미사일은 여전히 요격되고 있다.

우크라이나 국방부 전문가들이 회수된 러시아 Kh-101 미사일 잔해를 조사한 결과, 침공 시작 이후 네 단계의 주요 현대화가 이루어진 것으로 확인되었다.

더 읽기: 우크라이나가 Primorsk에서 Kalibr 탑재 Karakurt를 타격한 이후, 러시아는 또 다른 초계함을 취역시켰지만 디젤 문제는 여전히 지속

가장 주목할 만한 변화 가운데 하나는 파괴력을 높이기 위한 직렬형(tandem) 탄두 장착이었다. 이러한 구성은 연속 폭발 효과를 결합함으로써 강화 구조물과 기반시설 목표물에 대한 타격 효과를 크게 증폭시킬 수 있다.

직렬형 탄두
사진 출처: 우크라이나 국방부

러시아 기술진은 또한 소이 요소를 장착한 집속탄 탄두도 도입한 것으로 전해졌다. 이 개량은 주로 민간 기반시설에 대한 피해를 확대하기 위한 것으로, 충돌 이후 더 넓은 지역에 화재를 확산시킬 가능성이 있다.

집속탄 탄두
사진 출처: 우크라이나 국방부

또 다른 중요한 개량은 미사일 유도체계 개선이었다. 구체적인 기술 세부사항은 공개되지 않았지만, 향상된 항법 및 표적화 체계는 전자전 환경이나 저고도 비행 프로파일 상황에서도 미사일의 정확도를 유지하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

향상된 항법 및 표적화 체계
사진 출처: 우크라이나 국방부

또한 Kh-101 미사일에는 레이더 조사에 반응할 수 있는 새로운 전자방호체계도 추가된 것으로 전해졌다. 보고서에 따르면 이 체계는 기만 재밍 신호를 생성하고, 열 플레어와 채프 대응체계를 모두 전개해 방공망을 혼란시키려 시도할 수 있다.

이러한 현대화 노력에도 불구하고 우크라이나 방공망의 효율성은 계속 향상되고 있다. 2026년 초 이후 우크라이나군은 발사된 Kh-101, Kh-55, Kh-555 순항미사일의 약 88%를 요격한 것으로 전해졌으며, 이는 개량된 러시아 장거리 무기에 대해서도 우크라이나 방공망이 여전히 대응 능력을 유지하고 있음을 보여준다.

앞서 Defense Express가 보도한 바에 따르면, 그리스 당국은 Lefkada 인근에서 우크라이나제 Magura 해상 드론으로 추정되는 물체를 발견했으며, 조사관들은 이것이 자폭형 공격용으로 구성된 것으로 보고 있다고 밝혔다.

​Ukraine Reveals How russia Modernized Kh-101 Missiles During the War | Defense Express

​Ukraine Reveals How russia Modernized Kh-101 Missiles During the War | Defense Express

​Ukraine Reveals How russia Modernized Kh-101 Missiles During the War

Sofiia Syngaivska

sofiyka.kv@gmail.com

May 12, 2026

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The Kh-101 cruise missile / Photo credit: The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine

Ukrainian specialists identified four major upgrades to russian Kh-101 cruise missiles, including tandem warheads and electronic countermeasure systems

russia has continued upgrading its Kh-101 cruise missile throughout the full-scale war in an effort to increase both its destructive power and survivability against Ukrainian air defenses. However, these modifications have not prevented the majority of the missiles from being intercepted.

Research conducted by experts from the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine on recovered fragments of russian Kh-101 missiles identified four major modernization stages introduced since the beginning of the invasion.

Read more: After Ukraine Hit Kalibr-Carrying Karakurt in Primorsk, russia Commissioned Another Corvette, but Diesel Problems Persist

One of the most notable changes was the installation of a tandem warhead designed to increase destructive capability. Such a configuration can significantly amplify the missile's impact against fortified structures and infrastructure targets by combining sequential explosive effects.

A tandem warhead / Photo credit: The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine

Russian engineers also reportedly introduced a cluster warhead equipped with incendiary elements. This modification was intended primarily to increase damage against civilian infrastructure, potentially spreading fires over wider areas after impact.

A cluster warhead / Photo credit: The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine

Another important upgrade involved improvements to the missile's guidance system. Although specific technical details were not disclosed, enhanced navigation and targeting systems could help the missile maintain accuracy in contested electronic warfare environments or during low-altitude flight profiles.

Enhanced navigation and targeting system / Photo credit: The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine

In addition, Kh-101 missile reportedly received a new electronic protection suite capable of reacting to radar illumination. According to the report, the system can generate decoy jamming signals and deploy both thermal flares and chaff countermeasures in an attempt to confuse air defense systems.

Despite the modernization efforts, the effectiveness of the country's air defense network has continued to grow. Since the beginning of 2026, Ukrainian forces reportedly intercepted about 88% of launched Kh-101, Kh-55, and Kh-555 cruise missiles, highlighting the continuing ability of Ukrainian air defenses to counter even upgraded russian long-range weapons.

As Defense Express previously reported, Greek authorities discovered a suspected Ukrainian Magura naval drone near Lefkada that investigators say was configured for a kamikaze-style attack.

[백선호]

탄두를 표적까지 보내기 위해 이것저것 더 붙이는 것과, 그냥 없는 채로 더 많이 만들어 쏘는 것, 둘 중에 전자가 낫다고 판단한 듯 합니다.

[위종민]

물량은 샤헤드같은 싸구려 드론들로 커버하고, 성능좋은 순항미사일은 더 성능을 올리는 게 낫다고 본 거네요.