왜 나이가 들수록 시간은 빨리 지나가나?

[논둑길맨발로]

https://www.brainpickings.org/2013/07/15/time-warped-claudia-hammond/

https://www.sciencealert.com/it-s-not-just-you-time-really-does-speed-up-as-you-get-older-researcher-argues

1. 생리학적 설명
노화에 따라 신경회로가 더욱 길어지고 신경반응 속도 저하
In any given space of time, older people are viewing fewer new images, and this makes it seem as though time is passing more quickly than it does for younger people.

"Days seemed to last longer in your youth because the young mind receives more images during one day than the same mind in old age."

When these neurons begin to age, the path becomes even longer as electrical message meet more and more resistance along the way.
Put simply, an older brain takes longer to process the present. Just look at any baby and you'll notice that their eyes dart about much faster than your own, taking in the scene at a rapid pace.
"Said another way, if the lifespan is measured in terms of the number of images perceived during life, then the frequency of mental images at young age is greater than in old age," writes Bejan.

2. 심리학적 설명
휴가 파라독스-경험적 자아와 회고적 자아의 충돌은
뒤틀린 시간 인식 야기 (a warped perception of time.)
기억은 본원적으로 시간의 왜곡과정과 연결되어 있는, 매 순간의 회상을 변형시키는 기만적 행위
In fact, memory — which is itself a treacherous act of constant transformation with each recollection — is intricately related to this warping process:

We constantly use both prospective and retrospective estimation to gauge time’s passing. Usually they are in equilibrium, but notable experiences disturb that equilibrium, sometimes dramatically. This is also the reason we never get used to it, and never will. We will continue to perceive time in two ways and continue to be struck by its strangeness every time we go on holiday.


3.the clarity of memory hypothesis-
forward(backward) telescoping
사실상 2와 같은 이론

As we grow older, we tend to feel like the previous decade elapsed more rapidly, while the earlier decades of our lives seem to have lasted longer.
Because we know that memories fade over time, we use the clarity of a memory as a guide to its recency. So if a memory seems unclear we assume it happened longer ago.

Our perception of the past moulds our experience of time in the present to a greater degree than we might realize. It is memory that creates the peculiar, elastic properties of time. It not only gives us the ability to conjure up a past experience at will, but to reflect on those thoughts through autonoetic consciousness — the sense that we have of ourselves as existing across time — allowing us to re-experience a situation mentally and to step outside those memories to consider their accuracy.

reminiscence bump” - a time in life which is remembered especially vividly and oftencoincides with the teenage years.

The key to the reminiscence bump is novelty. The reason we remember our youth so well is that it is a period where we have more new experiences than in our thirties or forties. It’s a time for firsts — first sexual relationships, first jobs, first travel without parents, first experience of living away from home, the first time we get much real choice over the way we spend our days.

As memory and identity are so closely intertwined, it is in those formative years, when we’re constructing our identity and finding our place in the world, that our memory latches onto particularly vivid details in order to use them later in reinforcing that identity.


4.수학적 설명
proportionality theory

a year feels faster when you’re 40 than when you’re 8 because it only constitutes one fortieth of your life rather than a whole eighth.

비판

The problem with the proportionality theory is that it fails to account for the way we experience time at any one moment. We don’t judge one day in the context of our whole lives. If we did, then for a 40-year-old every single day should flash by because it is less than one fourteen-thousandth of the life they’ve had so far. It should be fleeting and inconsequential, yet if you have nothing to do or an enforced wait at an airport for example, a day at 40 can still feel long and boring and surely longer than a fun day at the seaside packed with adventure for a child. … It ignores attention and emotion, which … can have a considerable impact on time perception.



시간은 결국 mind time!
We will never have total control over this extraordinary dimension. Time will warp and confuse and baffle and entertain however much we learn about its capacities. But the more we learn, the more we can shape it to our will and destiny. We can slow it down or speed it up. We can hold on to the past more securely and predict the future more accurately. Mental time-travel is one of the greatest gifts of the mind. It makes us human, and it makes us specialist.