앞서 w의 성질에 대해서 이야기 했었다.
w는 과거 v발음이며 독일어에는 아직 v발음으로 한다.
그리고 v발음 이전에 더 강한 f발음이라서 kh 의 강한 ㅎ발음 비슷한 소리도 난다.
그래서 gh=kh 많이 유사하며
부리 인 부여와 구리인 고구려는 같은 계통임을 알 수가 있다.
ㅋ이나 ㄱ발음으로 소리가 날 수 있기에 gur=bur 이렇게 말이 만들어지는
것이 가능한 것이다.
gh- wh- 의 white
enough,tough,rough 의 -gh는 f발음이 난다.
g가 ㅎ발음이 있는 것이다.
스페인어 general 헤네랄 우리말의 흔할-->어원
r발음의 ㅎ
Ronaldo 호나우두
fromage 프랑스어 포마쥬(치즈) r의 ㅎ-->ㅇ 약화
Berzil 브어질(브라질) r의 ㅎ 약화 ㅇ으로
흔한 것이 일반적이니까.
f 역시 ㅎ발음을 포함한다.w발음도 포함하지.
ㅂ+ㅎ=ㅍ
v 역시 w발음을 포함한다.
그러나 p나 b는 w발음을 포함하지 않는다.
ㅋ<-->ㅎ<-->ㅍ<-->ㅂ간에 음이 왔다갔다 한다.
write 도 그리다 로 발음이 될 수도 있다.
w에는 ㅎ발음도 과거에는 있었음을 알 수가 있다.
과거음은 v 더 강한 발음은 f
f에서 포함된 변음 ㅎ
이렇게 추적할 수가 있다.
walk 걷다
k는 차후에 변형되어 생긴 발음이고 어근은 wal이다.
w는 과거 v발음.독일어는 현재도 v발음
독일어 wagen 바겐 -->차
walk와 어원적 관계를 갖는다.
간다는 의미에서.
wal 이게 발이지 않을까.발로 걸으니까.
앞에 kh가 생략이 되었다.
khwar 가 어원이다. r에서 l로 변형됨.
구불다 경상도사투리
구불어 -->구울어-->굴어-->걸어
굴러댕긴다. 구른다 걸어간다
모두 같은 어원인데 발음상의 차이가 발생한다.
bend의 의미보다 구르다는 말인데 돌아댕기다.걸어다니다.
경상도사투리를 모르면 굽는다(bend)는 의미밖에 모르지.
걷--->걸
곧-->골
겉-->걷-->거르-->거흐-->걱-->꺾
뼈 관절 꺾인다는 것을 어원으로 한다.
g를 붙여도 상관이 없지.
과거음을 복원하는 것이다.
걷는다는 것은 무릎 관절을 꺾어 앞으로 발을 디뎌야 한다.
꺾는다는 것을 어원으로 한다.
뼈 역시 bone 인데 ㅂ<-->ㅍ<-->ㅎ
일본어는 호네 가 뼈이다.
영어와 어원은 같은데 발음이 변한 것이다.
gbone 굽은 관절 마디마디를 가리킨다.
휘은 굽어지는 것이 뼈다 자유자재로 움직임을 위한 것이다.
사람몸에는 365관절과 12개의 큰 마디가 있다.
뼈 골 骨 역시 이러한 원리로 만들어 졌다고 한다.
대나무인 bamboo 역시 마디,관절을 가진다는 뜻으로 만들어진 것이다.
gbam-gboo
급음-->굽음,급어--> 굽어 (원순모음화);어원
walk 걷다
꺾다 bend 모두 kur gur의 변음인 것이다.
khwar 혹은 ghwar 한자상고음
이리저리 돌아댕기는 것.
기본형 구불다 활용형 그불어-->구불어
구불다
걷다 달리다의 경상도사투리
walk (v.)
"travel on foot," c. 1200, a merger of two verbs, 1. Old English wealcan
"to toss, roll, move round" (past tense weolc, past participle wealcen),
and 2. wealcian "to roll up, curl," from Proto-Germanic *welk-
(source also of Old Norse valka "to drag about," Danish valke "to full"
(cloth), Middle Dutch walken "to knead, press, full" (cloth),
Old High German walchan "to knead," German walken "to full"),
perhaps ultimately from PIE root *wel- (3) "to turn, revolve."
Chinese: "去" | Query method: Match substring
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Kha
Meaning: to go, come
Chinese: 去 *khaʔ-s 'go away, leave'
Character: 去
Modern (Beijing) reading: qù
Preclassic Old Chinese: khaʔ
Classic Old Chinese: khá
Western Han Chinese: khá
Eastern Han Chinese: khá
Early Postclassic Chinese: khó
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khó
Late Postclassic Chinese: khó
Middle Chinese: khö́
English meaning : to put away, eliminate, remove
Russian meaning[s]: 1) уходить; отправляться, идти; 2) уйти из...; уехать из...; удалиться от...; отстоять, быть на расстоянии от...; у, из, от; 3) отстранить (от должности); отбросить; отменить; удалить; отрубить, отрезать; 4) прошедший, прошлый; прошлое; 5) направлять, посылать; командировать; 6) сокр. цюйшэн, 4-ый тон (в пекинской номенклатуре); 7) театр. выступать в роли, играть роль (кого-л.); 8) вспомогательный глагол а) выделяет сказуемое с указанием на удаление действия от говорящего лица; б) вводит обстоятельство цели; 9) глагольный суффикс а) направления действия (от говорящего лица); б) продолжительности действия
Comments: Also read *khaʔ-s, MC khö̀, Mand. qù, Viet. khú' 'to go away, leave'.
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Number: 145
Character: 去
MC description : 遇合三去御溪
ZIHUI: 0637 0985
Beijing: ćhy 3
Jinan: ćhy 3
Xi'an: ćhy 3
Taiyuan: ćhy 3
Hankou: ćhy 3
Chengdu: ćhy 3
Yangzhou: khǝi 3; ćy 3 (lit.)
Suzhou: ćhy 31
Wenzhou: ćhy 31
Changsha: ćhy 31 (lit.); khô 31
Shuangfeng: thy 31
Nanchang: ćhiɛ 2
Meixian: hi 3
Guangzhou: hö_y 31
Xiamen: khi 31; khu 31
Chaozhou: khɨ 32
Fuzhou: khöy 31 (lit.); khɔ 31
Shanghai: ćhy 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: khiu 3
Radical: 28
Four-angle index: 8636
Vietnamese reading: khu`'
Comments: Cf. Geba ke.33, Konyak *ka, Gurung *kha.1 'come', Dulong a.31 gɨi.55, Qiang kǝ 'go'.
去 갈,거 한자상고음 kha 가다의 어근 가-
다리,각 脚
음이 같은 角각 발음을 생각한다.
각은 꺾인 것이다.
각 脚에 왜 달,월 月이 들어갔는가? 실제는 肉이지만..
다르 다리 신체에 달고 붙어 있는 것이다.
달린다고 생각한다. 땅을 박차며 친다는 오른쪽의 글자가 무슨 글자지?
병부,절 절
두드린다는 뜻인데...ㅠㅠ
중간에는 갈,거 去
baffle 좌절시키다
역시 꺾이는 것이다.
희망이 꺾였어! ㅠㅠㅠ
b는 ㅂ<-->ㅍ<-->ㅎ
휘어뿔 혹은 g를 붙이면 gbaffle 굽어뿔 역시 휜다는 뜻이다.
wire같은 것도 잘 휘는 성질이 있다.
휘어-->어원
앞에 g를 붙이면
gwire 급어-->굽어 (어원)
burn 태운 굽은
역시 같은 원리다.
bur은 불이다.
앞에 g를 붙여 복원하면
gburn 급은-->굽은(원순모음화)-->구운;어원
이렇게 발음규칙을 알아도 수많은 단어를 한꺼번에 익힐 수가 있으며
다른 외국어에도 동일하게 적용되니 외우는데 머리 안 아프지.
무작정 어떻게 외우니 10대이전 애들이야 가능하지. 그 이상 넘어서면 돌아서면
까먹는데..무작정 외우다가 치매걸리겠다.
단어가 만들어지는 것은 다 이유가 있다.그리고 전세계어 모두 얽혀 있는 것이다.
어원자료 보면서 더더욱 그런 것을 느낄 수가 있다.
단지 발음이 변형한 것이라는 사실을 알 수 있다.
우리말 어원을 분석하면 곧 영어나 기타어원 분석에도 그걸 써먹을 수 있는 것이다.
우리말을 기준점으로 잡고 그걸 바탕으로 외국어를 쳐다보는 것이다.
우리말은 고대 산스크리트어와 고대 드라비다어 혹은 고대 알타이어일지 모른다는 생각을 한다.
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kuar
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ígwVr (*gwV́rV)
Meaning: to bend
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Borean (approx.) : KVRV
Meaning : to bend, turn
Eurasiatic : *KUrV
Eurasiatic: *KUrV
Meaning: to turn round
Altaic: *ki̯ṓr[i] (cf. also *ki̯úŕu)
Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ṓr[i]
Meaning: to roll, churn
Russian meaning: крутить, помешивать
Mongolian: *kor- / *kör-
Proto-Mongolian: *kor- / *kör-
Meaning: 1 to roll, rotate 2 to bend, become twisted 3 to wrinkle, become curved 4 to whirl (of water, wind)
Russian meaning: 1 крутить, вращать 2 гнуть, изгибаться 3 морщиться, искривляться 4 вертеться, кружиться (о воде, ветре)
Written Mongolian: körböl-, körbüge- 1 (L 490: körbe-, körbü-, körbi-), qorbaji-, qorbuji- 2 (L 988: qorbuji-, qurbuji-), qorčaji- 3 (L 965), qorulǯa- 4 Middle Mongolian: korbe- (SH) 1, kurbe- 'to wallow' (MA) Khalkha: xorvoj- 3, xörvö- 'to turn over, to upset'; xorlo 'circle-shaped object'
Buriat: xoršogor 'wrinkled, creasy', xüril- 4
Kalmuck: xorwā 'crooked' (КРС) Dagur: kurbi-, xurbi-, xurbu- (Тод. Даг. 180) Shary-Yoghur: körwö-; korlo 'wheel'
Monguor: xurbā-; korlo, gulōr 'wheel'
Tungus-Manchu: *kur-
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kur-
Meaning: 1 churn-staff 2 to wrinkle, shrink 3 to roll, rotate 4 to wrap round, tie round
Russian meaning: 1 мутовка 2 мяться, комкаться 3 вращаться, вертеться 4 обвернуть, спутать
Evenki: kurā- 4
Even: koroldāwna 1, qorị- 2
Literary Manchu: χorgi-, χurgi- 3
Comments: ТМС 1, 416, 417, 435, 471. Man. χurgiku 'whirlpool' > Dag. xurgi id. (Тод. Даг. 180). Comments: EAS 147, Poppe 107, Ozawa 204. An expressive root with not quite secure vocalic correspondences. Cf. also notes to *k`úlo. Eskimo-Aleut: *akra-ɣ- (*aqra-ʁ-) ?
Proto-Eskimo: *akra-ɣ- (*aqra-ʁ-)
Meaning: wheel, to roll, round
Russian meaning: колесо, крутить, круглый
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 36
References: ND 1187 *ḳüRpV 'to turn (round, toward)' (+ Arab. and dub. Eg.). Sino-Caucasian : *=igwV́r
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ígwVr (*gwV́rV)
Meaning: to bend
North Caucasian: *=ig(w)Vr
Proto-North Caucasian: *=ig(w)Vr
Meaning: to bend, fold
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *gur- Notes: Semantically the EC-WC parallel seems satisfactory ('bend' <-> 'twist, spin'); not quite clear is the reason for loss of labialisation in PWC.
Yenisseian: *kǝʔr- (~g-)
Proto-Yenisseian: *kǝʔr- (~g-)
Meaning: bent, bend; to wind, spool
Ket: kъ̄ĺtǝ (North.), South. kъ̄ĺt 'river bend'; (КРС) kʌĺ-dij 'to bend (tr., itr.)'; kʌiĺ5 ( < *kǝ-kiĺ) "clew, skein", (КРС) -kiĺ / -giĺ / -geĺ "to spool"; (Werner 1, 463) kʌʔĺ 'crooked, bent'
Yug: kʌlgej5 'sinuous (shore)', kʌlgit5, pl. kʌlaŋ5,6 "river bend"; (Werner 1, 463) kʌʔĺ 'crooked, bent'
Kottish: fa-ča-gar 'winding, spooling', fō-čagaraŋ 'to wind, spool', praet. fō-la-čagaraŋ.
Comments: ССЕ 237. Werner 1, 461 <*kǝʔl>; Werner doubts the relationship of Kott. -ča-gar, and also does not list the Ket verb -kiĺ, while the noun kʌiĺ5 is given on p. 460 without etymology. Werner 1, 436 also has a word Ket kīĺ (pl. kīĺaŋ) 'Zwirn, Faden'; however, on p. 1, 426 the form kīĺaŋ is analyzed as kiʔ 'yarn' + ĺaʔŋ 'hank, skein', so this kīĺ may be a result of re-analyzing the form kīĺaŋ, and thus may be unrelated to the present root.
Basque: *bihur̄-
Proto-Basque: *bihur̄-
Meaning: 1 to bend, twist 2 to turn 3 to return, come back 4 bent, curved
Araban: biur-tu 1
Bizkaian: bior-tu, biur-tu 1, 2, 3, biurri 4
Gipuzkoan: biur-tu, bior-tu 1, 3, biurri 4
High Navarrese: biur-tu, bior-tu 1, biurri 4
Low Navarrese: bihur-tu 1, 3, bihurri 4
Salazarese: biurri 4
Lapurdian: bihur-tu 1, 3, bihurri 4
Baztanese: biurri 4
Zuberoan: bühür-tu 1, 3, bühürri 4
Roncalese: biur-tu 1, 2, 3, biurri 4
Comments: There are other, more abstract, meanings, such as 'to translate' (languages), 'to convert' (religion), etc. For semantics, cf. *e=cuɫi 'to turn'. This is one of the words in which PSC *gw or *Gw has changed to Bsq *b (in the environment of high vowels).
Comments and references : HGC 39, NSC 53 *-gwVrV, WFR 105. Most probably - same root as *gwērV 'roll'. African (misc.) : Bantu *-gàd- 'turn'.
Notes : Nivkh. *qori 'накрениться', *χori 'наклонить'.
North Caucasian: *=ig(w)Vr
Proto-North Caucasian: *=ig(w)Vr
Meaning: to bend, fold
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *gur- Notes: Semantically the EC-WC parallel seems satisfactory ('bend' <-> 'twist, spin'); not quite clear is the reason for loss of labialisation in PWC.
Yenisseian: *kǝʔr- (~g-)
Proto-Yenisseian: *kǝʔr- (~g-)
Meaning: bent, bend; to wind, spool
Ket: kъ̄ĺtǝ (North.), South. kъ̄ĺt 'river bend'; (КРС) kʌĺ-dij 'to bend (tr., itr.)'; kʌiĺ5 ( < *kǝ-kiĺ) "clew, skein", (КРС) -kiĺ / -giĺ / -geĺ "to spool"; (Werner 1, 463) kʌʔĺ 'crooked, bent'
Yug: kʌlgej5 'sinuous (shore)', kʌlgit5, pl. kʌlaŋ5,6 "river bend"; (Werner 1, 463) kʌʔĺ 'crooked, bent'
Kottish: fa-ča-gar 'winding, spooling', fō-čagaraŋ 'to wind, spool', praet. fō-la-čagaraŋ.
Comments: ССЕ 237. Werner 1, 461 <*kǝʔl>; Werner doubts the relationship of Kott. -ča-gar, and also does not list the Ket verb -kiĺ, while the noun kʌiĺ5 is given on p. 460 without etymology. Werner 1, 436 also has a word Ket kīĺ (pl. kīĺaŋ) 'Zwirn, Faden'; however, on p. 1, 426 the form kīĺaŋ is analyzed as kiʔ 'yarn' + ĺaʔŋ 'hank, skein', so this kīĺ may be a result of re-analyzing the form kīĺaŋ, and thus may be unrelated to the present root.
Comments and references : HGC 39, NSC 53 *-gwVrV, WFR 105. Most probably - same root as *gwērV 'roll'. Meaning: bend, droop, coil
Chinese: � *g_ʷar walk with bent body [since Han].
Character: �
Modern (Beijing) reading: quán
Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ʷar
Classic Old Chinese: g(h)wan
Western Han Chinese: g(h)wan
Eastern Han Chinese: g(h)wan
Early Postclassic Chinese: g(h)wen
Middle Postclassic Chinese: g(h)wen
Late Postclassic Chinese: g(h)wen
Middle Chinese: gwen
English meaning : walk with bent body [Han]
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Tibetan: dgur, rgur, sgur crooked.
Burmese: kunh to bend down.
Kachin: thiŋkun3 be bent, kun2 coil.
Lushai: kūr to bend down, to droop, KC *kūr.
Lepcha: khár, khár-lă hanging down head, as when ashamed
Comments: PG *kur be bent. Sh. 409; Luce 57.
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kŭk
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xq̇ăm(x)q̇(w)á̆ (~ -ǝ̆)
Meaning: joint; to bend
North Caucasian: *q̇ămq̇(w)ă (~ -ǝ̆)
Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇ămq̇(w)ă (~ -ǝ̆)
Meaning: knee, leg-bone
Notes: Correspondences are regular. The comparison seems fully reliable.
Comments and references : LV A23, LDC 43, FDCP 2. In ST cf. also *khʷǝ̆ŋ (~ghʷ-,qhʷ-) 'vaulted, crooked'.
Meaning: bend
Chinese: 鞠 *kuk to bow, bend.
Character: 鞠
Modern (Beijing) reading: jū
Preclassic Old Chinese: kuk
Classic Old Chinese: kuk
Western Han Chinese: kǝuk
Eastern Han Chinese: kǝuk
Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨuk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kuk
Late Postclassic Chinese: kuk
Middle Chinese: kük
English meaning : be exhausted, exhaustive
Russian meaning[s]: 1) сгибать, гнуть; кланяться; 2) футбольный мяч; футбол; 3) выкармливать, воспитывать, выращивать; 4) расследовать, разбирать; 5) молодой; малолетний; 6) Цзюй (фамилия)
Comments: Also read *guk, MC gük (FQ 渠竹) id.; used also for a homonymous *kuk / *guk 'to nourish'.
Radical: 177
Four-angle index: 4354
Karlgren code: 1017 h
Shijing occurrences: 35.5_
Tibetan: ãgug(s) (p. bgug, f. dgug, i. khug) to bend; khug(s) corner, nook, creek, bay.
Burmese: kauk be crooked, not straight, LB *kukx; khauk to fold, double.
Kachin: mǝgoʔ2, lǝgoʔ2, guʔ3 be bent.
Lepcha: kŭk to bow, to bend down, to incline downwards, lean forward to to bow the head
Comments: Trung dǝ1-gɔʔ1 be crooked; Bahing guk be bent, kuk make bent. Ben. 125. Cf. *khjŏk. Cf. also Naga *kok 'knee'. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khjŏk (~ *gh-, qh-, Gh-)
Meaning: bend, crooked
Chinese: 曲 *khok bend, crooked.
Character: 曲
Modern (Beijing) reading: qū
Preclassic Old Chinese: khok
Classic Old Chinese: khok
Western Han Chinese: khok
Eastern Han Chinese: khok
Early Postclassic Chinese: khok
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khok
Late Postclassic Chinese: khok
Middle Chinese: khöuk
English meaning : be curved, bent
Russian meaning[s]: 1) кривой; изогнутый; извилистый; извилина, изгиб, излучина; 2) лицемерный; несправедливый; односторонний; 3) окраинный, захолустный; 4) обижать; обида; [qǔ] песня, песенка; ария
Comments: A later meaning (attested since Han) is 'musical piece, melody' (read as qǔ in Mand.); it is not clear, whether this meaning is related to the original 'be curved, bent'. [Bai khü6 has both meanings].
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Number: 277
Character: 曲
MC description : 通合三入燭溪
ZIHUI: 2575 0981
Beijing: ćhy 2; ćhy 11
Jinan: ćhy 11
Xi'an: ćhy 11
Taiyuan: ćhyǝʔ 41
Hankou: ćhy 12
Chengdu: ćhy 12; ćhyo 12
Yangzhou: ćhiɔʔ 4
Suzhou: ćhio 41
Wenzhou: ćhyo 41
Changsha: ćhiôu 4
Shuangfeng: ćhiû 12
Nanchang: ćhiuk 41
Meixian: khiuk 41
Guangzhou: khuk 41
Xiamen: khiɔk 41 (lit.); khîk 41
Chaozhou: khek 41
Fuzhou: khöyʔ 41
Shanghai: ćhyîʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: khiu 42
Radical: 73
Four-angle index: 1816
Karlgren code: 1213 a
Vietnamese reading: khúc
Jianchuan Bai: khü6
Dali Bai: khü6
Bijiang Bai: -kho4
Tibetan: gjog curved, crooked, kjag-kjog, kjog-kjog curved, crooked, kjog id., khjog id., ãkhjog crooked, bent.
Lepcha: kjok to be crooked, curved, to wind as river, road; crooked
갈,행 다닐,행 의 한자상고음 行
아주 옛날엔 어떻게 발음했나?
가다의 활용형 가는 혹은 간,걸어 (한자상고음)
k가 생략되며 비음현상이 발생하면서 행 이나 항 으로 소리가 나게
되었다.
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *krɨā(H) (~g-; -ŋ)
Meaning: walk, go
Chinese: 行 *grāŋ walk, go.
Character: 行
Modern (Beijing) reading: xíng háng
Preclassic Old Chinese: grāŋ ghāŋ
Classic Old Chinese: grāŋ
Western Han Chinese: grāŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: grēŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: gẹ̄ŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: gẹ̄ŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: gẹ̄ŋ
Middle Chinese: ɣạ̈iŋ ɣâŋ
English meaning : to go, march, travel; road
Russian meaning[s]: 1) идти, ходить; продвигаться; отправляться; проходить (о времени); 2) заставить идти; гнать (лодку); вести (дело); 3) пускать в дело (в ход); ходячий; ходовой; 4) действовать, поступать; проводить; 5) идет!, годится, сойдет; можно; быть способным (годным); 6) стихия (в китайской космогонии); 7) передвигать; подвижной, переносный; 8) скорописный; скоропись; 9) хватит; достаточно; 10) походное снаряжение; вещи, багаж; 11) дорога; 12) в будущем, вм. 將; 13) в вэньяне оформляет наречие (обычно перед двусложным сказуемым); [xìng] поступок; поведение; [háng] 1) ряд, шеренга; строка; обозначение порядка родства в одном поколении; 2) рынок; фирма; лавка; 3) профессия, специальность; 4) рынок; рыночная цена; курс
Shuowen gloss: 人之步趨也.從ぉぅ.凡行之屬皆從行. [78]
Comments: For initial *g- in *grāŋ cf. Min forms: Xiamen kiã2, Chaozhou kĩã2, Fuzhou kiaŋ2, Jianou kiaŋ9. Also read *grāŋ-s, MC ɣạ̈̀iŋ (FQ 下孟), Mand. xìng, Viet. hạnh; Schüssler glosses this derivate (for E.Zhou) as 'to go round on inspection tour'; in later times it is used as a deverbative 'conduct, behaviour'. The character is also used for *ghāŋ, MC ɣâŋ (FQ JY 寒岡), Mand. háng, Viet. hàng 'row, rank' (hence also 'row of goods, wares' > 'merchandise, market'; for initial *gh- here cf. Fuzhou auŋ6, Jianou ɔŋ6 'row of trees' from a related form, MC � ɣầŋ).
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Number: 306
Character: 行
MC description : A: 宕開一平唐匣; B: 梗開二平庚匣
ZIHUI: A: 5887 2313; B: 5887 2591
Beijing: A: xaŋ 12; B: śiŋ 12
Jinan: A: xaŋ 12; B: śiŋ 12
Xi'an: A: xaŋ 12; B: śiŋ 12
Taiyuan: A: xa_̃ 1; B: śiŋ 1
Hankou: A: xaŋ 12; B: śin 12
Chengdu: A: xaŋ 12; B: śin 12
Yangzhou: A: xâŋ 12; B: śĩ 12
Suzhou: A: ɦa_ŋ 12; B: in 12; ɦaŋ 12
Wenzhou: A: ɦuɔ 12; B:
Changsha: A: xan 12; B: śin 12
Shuangfeng: A: ɣaŋ 12; B: ɣin 12 (lit.); ɣiõ 12
Nanchang: A: hɔŋ 12; B: śin 31
Meixian: A: hɔŋ 12; B: haŋ 12
Guangzhou: A: hɔŋ 12; B: haŋ 12
Xiamen: A: hɔŋ 12 (lit.); haŋ 12; B: hîŋ 12 (lit.); kiã 12
Chaozhou: A: haŋ 12; B: kiã 12
Fuzhou: A: xouŋ 12; B: xeiŋ 12
Shanghai: A: ; B: iiŋ 32 (lit.); ɦa_̃ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: A: ; B: xiǝŋ 12
Radical: 144
Four-angle index: 2962
Karlgren code: 0748 a-d
Vietnamese reading: hành
Shijing occurrences: 3.1_, 15.1, 17.1, 31.1_, 33.4_, 35.2, 39.2, 41.1_, 51.1, 51.2, 54.3_, 54.4, 58.4_
Tibetan: ãgro (i. ãgro(s)) to walk, ãgroŋ (resp.) (p. grons) to die, ãgron id.
Burmese: krwaʔ to go (about monks); LB *kh[r]a road
Lepcha: graŋ to be able to walk (child)
Comments: Tib. also has ãgrod to go, to travel - which may be regarded as a suffixed form, but may also belong to a different root (see *rū̆t). Cf. also Nung *khra 'road'.
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Kjam ( ~ Q-, -uam)
Meaning: walk about, wander
Tibetan: ãkhjam-pa run about, wander.
Kachin: khom1 to walk, to travel.
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: [*jVr]
Meaning: to walk, go
Comments: A TB root, reflected in: Kanauri yŭn- 'walk, go', Tani *yin 'go, go down', Gurung *jar 'walk, go', Sichuan *ji id.
우리말에 나다니다.돌아댕기다 역시 인도 드라비다어에 있다.
국어사전
나다니다
[동사] 밖으로 나가 여기저기 다니다.
영어사전
나다니다
go around
Proto-Dravidian : *ńaḍ-
Meaning : to walk
Proto-South Dravidian: *naḍ-
Proto-South Dravidian : *naḍ-
Meaning : to walk
Tamil : naṭa (-pp-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to walk, go, pass, proceed, happen
Tamil derivates : naṭakkai walking, proceeding, conduct, behaviour; naṭattu (naṭatti-) to cause to walk as a child, lead, transact, administer; naṭattai walking, conduct, behaviour; naṭappu going and coming, conduct, behaviour; naṭamāṭu to go, move about, circulate as report, frequent, haunt; naṭamāṭṭam going about dancing; naṭavu (naṭavi-) to cause to go, drive; manage, administer, direct; naṭavai path, road, way; naṭavaṭikkai conduct, deed; naṭai walk, walking, motion, journey, way, route, conduct, behaviour
Malayalam : naṭakka
Malayalam meaning : to walk, proceed, behave, be carried out, succeed
Malayalam derivates : naṭatta walk, custom; naṭattuka to drive, direct, arrange, manage; naṭappu walking, demeanour; naṭa walk, pace, procession, deportment; naṭamāṭu to dance, skip; naṭuka to walk
Kannada : naḍe (naḍad-)
Kannada meaning : to walk, march, proceed, pass, be current; n. walk, course, pace, deportment
Kannada derivates : naḍi = naḍe vb.; naḍage walking, pace, walk; naḍate walk, course, conduct, deportment, behaviour; naḍapu to cause to walk, manage; n. walking; naḍayisu, naḍasu to cause to walk, manage; naḍapaḍike conduct, custom, proceedings; naḍave the floor in a house opposite the entrance-door
Kodagu : naḍa- (naḍap-, naḍand-)
Kodagu meaning : to walk
Kodagu derivates : naḍat- (naḍati-) to make to walk, make ceremony to be performed; naḍate behaviour and character; (Shanmugam) naḍap walking, celebration; naḍe limb, part of body; naḍea passage to shrine of temple
Tulu : naḍapuni
Tulu meaning : to walk, proceed, behave
Tulu derivates : naḍapāvuni to cause to walk, lead, direct; naḍè walk, conduct; naḍakè walking, pace, gait; naḍatè behaviour, conduct; naḍatoṇuni to behave, conduct oneself; naḍapāṭa walking, behaviour, conduct; naḍuvaḍi conduct
Number in DED : 3582
Proto-Telugu : *naḍ-
Proto-Telugu : *naḍ-
Meaning : walking, stepping, movement, conduct, behaviour
Telugu : naḍa
Dialectal forms (1) : naḍaka
Additional forms : Also [1] naḍacu, [2] naḍucu to walk, move, go, etc.; [1] naḍapu, [2] naḍupu to cause to walk, conduct; [1] naḍata, [2] naḍavaḍi conduct, behaviour; naḍayāḍu to walk or move about; naḍava the first passage at the entrance of a house, a way
Number in DED : 3582
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ńaḍ-g-
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ńaḍ-g-
Meaning : to walk
Kolami : aḍg- (aḍakt-)
Naikri : aṛg-
Naiki : aṛg-
Number in DED : 3582