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Resonance effect ~ Inductive effect
Amino > Alkoxy > Alkyl > Bromide 曰 벤젠에게 전자를 주고 싶습니다. (∴ Para, Ortho 또는 C2, C4)
Chloride < Carboxyl < CF3 < NO2 曰 벤젠의 전자를 뺏고 싶습니다. (∴ Meta 또는 C5, C8)
Benzene, Arene, Benzyl group, Phenyl group
C6H6 + Br2, FeBr3 → Carbocation → C6H5Br
C6H6 + HNO3, H2SO4 → Carbocation → C6H5NO2 → C6H5NH2 → 다이아조늄 염 ⇒ 7가지 치환
C6H6 + SO3, H2SO4, H2O(약 100 ˚C) ↔ Carbocation ↔ ↔ C6H6SO3H ⇒ 세제, 염료, ‥
C6H6 + RCl, AlCl3 → Carbocation → C6H5R(1877')
C6H6 + RCOCl, AlCl3 → C6H5C=O + H2, Pd/C, EtOH 또는 Zn(Hg), HCl → C6H5CH2
C6H5CH2X + Nu: → C6H5Nu(Sn2)
C6H5NH2 + CH3COCl, Pyridine → C6H5NH2COCH3 + OH-, H2O → C6H5NH2
C6H5CH2OSOOR + R'OH → C6H5CH2OR' + H2, Pd/C, EtOH → C6H5CH3 + RLi → C6H5CH2Li
C6H5OR(보호기) + H2, Pd/C, EtOH → C6H5CH3
C6H5CH3 + X2, hv → Radical → C6H5X
C6H5CH3 + CrO3 → C6H5CHO ← C6H5CH2OH + MnO2, 아세톤
C6H5CH3 + KMnO4, OH- → + H3O+ → C6H5COOH
C6H5OR(보호기) + HBr → C6H5OH + RX, OH- → C6H5OR
C6H5X + NaOH, H3O+ 또는 KOH, Pd, PR3 → C6H5OH
C6H5Cl + NaNH2, NH3 → C6H5NH2 + NaNO2, H3O+ → C6H5N2+ → Hydrolysis → C6H5OH
C6H5N2+ + CuX → C6H5X
C6H5N2+ + H3PO2 → C6H6
C6H5N2+ + C6H5OH → C6H5N2C6H4OH(Coupling)
Phenol ↔ Phenoxide ion
C6H5OH + CH3I, NaOH → C6H5OCH3 + HI → C6H5OH
C6H5OH + RCOCl, OH- → C6H5OCOR
C6H5OH + 폼알데하이드, NaOH → → Quinomethane + C6H5OH, NaOH → Resins ⇒ 고분자
C6H5OH + CO2, NaOH → + H3O+ → C6H5(OH)(COOH)
p-C6H5(OH)2 + Na2Cr2O7, H3O+ → p-Benzoquinone ⇒ 첨가(HCl, C=C-C=C, ‥)
C6H5-O-C(α)=C(β) → → Aromatic claisen rearrangement
C=C-O-C(α)-C(β)=C → Aliphatic claisen rearrangement