라우터(스위치) 정적 경로 설정

라우터 연결 하기<div class="figure-img" data-ke-type="image" data-ke-style="alignCenter" data-ke-mobilestyle="widthOrigin"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/e6d0c01c006700b85e1545d1bd00cb2b09957c1a" class="txc-image" data-img-src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/e6d0c01c006700b85e1545d1bd00cb2b09957c1a" data-origin-width="458" data-origin-height="116"></div>HWIC-2T (2-Port Serial Interface Card)를 추가 한다.<div class="figure-img" data-ke-type="image" data-ke-style="alignCenter" data-ke-mobilestyle="widthOrigin"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/e0ba3c31d2da29b744fbbc828044fb8bc1d004c2" class="txc-image" data-img-src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/e0ba3c31d2da29b744fbbc828044fb8bc1d004c2" data-origin-width="702" data-origin-height="682"></div>DCE를 선택하고 Serial0/0/0에 연결을 한다. 왼쪽 라우터에 클럭 표시가 된것이 DTE가 된다.<div class="figure-img" data-ke-type="image" data-ke-style="alignCenter" data-ke-mobilestyle="widthOrigin"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/6707c13d6328bb90dff69f374a56c3cd7daf61bb" class="txc-image" data-img-src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/6707c13d6328bb90dff69f374a56c3cd7daf61bb" data-origin-width="678" data-origin-height="215"></div>정적 경로 설정<div class="figure-img" data-ke-type="image" data-ke-style="alignCenter" data-ke-mobilestyle="widthOrigin"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/d319c5ef5953db794bc22be6700e2297c0524b9c" class="txc-image" data-img-src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/d319c5ef5953db794bc22be6700e2297c0524b9c" data-origin-width="613" data-origin-height="336"></div><div class="figure-img" data-ke-type="image" data-ke-style="alignCenter" data-ke-mobilestyle="widthOrigin"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/50e23d0e24b37bedeba01d0467d4ca332a353c37" class="txc-image" data-img-src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/50e23d0e24b37bedeba01d0467d4ca332a353c37" data-origin-width="893" data-origin-height="196"></div><div class="figure-img" data-ke-type="image" data-ke-style="alignCenter" data-ke-mobilestyle="widthOrigin"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/5dc599dbaa79c6e4723e6596e3a31be2232f48cf" class="txc-image" data-img-src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/5dc599dbaa79c6e4723e6596e3a31be2232f48cf" data-origin-width="893" data-origin-height="196"></div><div class="figure-img" data-ke-type="image" data-ke-style="alignCenter" data-ke-mobilestyle="widthOrigin"><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/d416d44ff50e6b46334d01ea561aa796b4a21e87" class="txc-image" data-img-src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cafeattach/1UMtP/d416d44ff50e6b46334d01ea561aa796b4a21e87" data-origin-width="893" data-origin-height="196"></div> 정적 경로 설정하기<div class="table-wrap"><table data-ke-type="table" data-ke-align="alignLeft" style="width: 100%; height: 2156px;" border="1" data-ke-style="style15"><tbody><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">구분</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">명령어</td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">설명</td></tr><tr style="height: 15px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 15px;">PC 설정</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 15px;">PC0: 203.230.7.2/24 PC1: 203.230.9.2/24 PC2: 203.230.11.2/24</td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 15px;"></td></tr><tr style="height: 254px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 254px;">라우터 R1  - IP 설정</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 254px;">Router> enable Router# conf t Router(config)# hostname R1 R1(config)# interface gi0/0 R1(config-if)# ip address 203.230.7.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)# exit R1(config)# interface se0/0/0             (DCE) R1(config-if)# ip address 203.230.8.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# clock rate 64000 R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)# exit </td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 254px;">호스트명을 R1로 바꾼다. Giga 인터페이스 주소 설정 Serial 인터페이스 주소 설정 (DCE인 경우 클럭 설정) </td></tr><tr style="height: 363px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 363px;">라우터 R2  - IP 설정</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 363px;">Router> enable Router# conf t Router(config)# hostname R2 R2(config)# interface gi0/0 R2(config-if)# ip address 203.230.9.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)# no shutdown R2(config-if)# exit R2(config)# interface se0/0/0             (DCE) R2(config-if)# ip address 203.230.8.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)# clock rate 64000 R2(config-if)# no shutdown R2(config-if)# exit R2(config)# interface se0/0/1             (DTE) R2(config-if)# ip address 203.230.10.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)# no shutdown R2(config-if)# exit </td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 363px;"><a href="https://blog.naver.com/demonicws/40108165566" target="_blank" class="ke-link">DCE와 DTE개념</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 18px;">라우터 R3 - IP 설정</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 18px;">Router> enable Router# conf t Router(config)# hostname R3 R3(config)# interface gi0/0 R3(config-if)# ip address 203.230.11.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)# no shutdown R3(config-if)# exit R3(config)# interface se0/0/0             (DTE) R3(config-if)# ip address 203.230.10.2 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)# no shutdown R3(config-if)# exit </td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 18px;"></td></tr><tr style="height: 291px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 291px;">(이웃 라우터) IP주소 를 이용한 정적 경로 설정</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 291px;">              ( ip route    목적ip      subnet mask     이웃라우터ip ) R1(config)# ip route 203.230.9.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.8.2 R1(config)# ip route 203.230.10.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.8.2 R1(config)# ip route 203.230.11.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.8.2 R1(config)# exit R1# wr R2(config)# ip route 203.230.7.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.8.1 R2(config)# ip route 203.230.11.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.10.2 R2(config)# exit R2# wr R3(config)# ip route 203.230.7.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.10.1 R3(config)# ip route 203.230.8.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.10.1 R3(config)# ip route 203.230.9.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.10.1 R3(config)# exit R3# wr </td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 291px;">R1 라우터의 경우 세 구간(R2의 LAN, R2-R3 연결구간, R3의 LAN)에  정적 경로를 설정해야 함  R2의 경우 두 구간(R1의 LAN, R3의 LAN)에 정적 경로를 설정해야 함  R3 라우터의 경우 세 구간(R1의 LAN, R1-R2 연결구간, R2의 LAN)에  정적 경로를 설정해야 함 </td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 18px;">라우팅 테이블 확인</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 18px;">R1#show ip route R2#show ip route R3#show ip route Codes: L-local, C-connected, S-static, R-RIP, M-moble, B-BGP        D-EIGRP, EX-EIGRP external, O-OSPF, IA-OSPF inter area  ㆍㆍㆍ 중략 ㆍㆍㆍ  S 203.230.9.0/24[1/0] via 203.230.8.2 S 203.230.10.0/24[1/0] via 203.230.8.2 S 203.230.11.0/24[1/0] via 203.230.8.2 </td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 18px;">[1/0] : 관리 거리(AD) / 메트릭값 [AD/Metric] AD는 아래 표 참고 1: static</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 18px;">ping 테스트</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 18px;">R1(config)# do ping 203.230.9.1 R1(config)# do ping 203.230.10.1 R1(config)# do ping 203.230.11.1 PC>ping 203.230.9.2    PC>ping 203.230.11.2</td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 18px;">(pc0 ⇒ Desktop ⇒ Command Prompt)</td></tr><tr style="height: 545px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 545px;">출력 인터페이스를 이용한 정적 경로 설정</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 545px;">R1(config)# no ip route 203.230.9.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.8.2 R1(config)# no ip route 203.230.10.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.8.2 R1(config)# no ip route 203.230.11.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.8.2 R1(config)# ip route 203.230.9.0 255.255.255.0 se0/0/0 R1(config)# ip route 203.230.10.0 255.255.255.0 se0/0/0 R1(config)# ip route 203.230.11.0 255.255.255.0 se0/0/0 R1(config)# exit R1# wr R1# show ip route R2(config)# no ip route 203.230.7.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.8.1 R2(config)# no ip route 203.230.11.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.10.2 R2(config)# ip route 203.230.7.0 255.255.255.0 se0/0/0 R2(config)# ip route 203.230.11.0 255.255.255.0 se0/0/1 R2(config)# exit R2# wr R2# show ip route R3(config)# no ip route 203.230.7.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.10.1 R3(config)# no ip route 203.230.8.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.10.1 R3(config)# no ip route 203.230.9.0 255.255.255.0 203.230.10.1 R3(config)# ip route 203.230.7.0 255.255.255.0 se0/0/0 R3(config)# ip route 203.230.8.0 255.255.255.0 se0/0/0 R3(config)# ip route 203.230.9.0 255.255.255.0 se0/0/0 R3(config)# exit R3# wr R3# show ip route</td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 545px;">no ip route 는 기존 정적 경로 삭제 이웃 라우터 ip를 자신의 인터페이스로 변경한다. 203.230.8.2 -> se0/0/0 IP 주소를 이용한 정적결로 설정은 ip주소를 검색하기 위해 룩업 프로세스를 한번 더 거친다. 출력인터페이스 방법이 효과적이다.</td></tr><tr style="height: 54px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 54px;">디폴드 정적 경로 설정</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 54px;">R1(Config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.230.8.2 R1(Config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 se0/0/0        (위와 같은 결과) R3(Config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.230.10.1 R3(Config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 se0/0/0</td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 54px;">패킷의 출입 경로가 라우터 하나 밖에 없는 스터브 네트워크에 적용(R1과 R3 라우터) </td></tr><tr><td style="width: 15.3107%;">디버깅 (debugging)  설정</td><td style="width: 56.792%;">R1> en R1# debug ip routing</td><td style="width: 27.8972%;">(R1에 디버그 기능 활성화)</td></tr><tr style="height: 327px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 327px;">디버깅 - 시리얼 인터페이시 비활성화</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 327px;">R2> en R2# conf t  R2(config)# int s0/0/0 R2(config-if)# shutdown          (R2에 비활성화 시켜보자) R1#                                     (R1의 CLI로 이동한다.) (s0/0/0이 비활성화 되어 라우팅테이블로부터 203.230.8.0/24 네트워크 경로가 삭제 되었다.) %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down  ㆍㆍㆍ 중략 ㆍㆍㆍ  RT: delete network route to 203.230.8.1 RT: NET-RED 203.230.8.1/32 R1# show ip route (네트워크 경로가 203.230.7.0 밖에 남지 않았다) C     203.230.7.0/24  is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 L     203.230.7.1/32  is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0</td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 327px;"> 라우터 R2의 s0/2/1 인터페이스를 비 활성화 시킨 순간  라우터 R1의 콘솔에 메시지가 표시된다.</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 15.3107%;">디버깅 - 시리얼 인터페이시 활성화</td><td style="width: 56.792%;">R2> en R2# conf t  R2(config)# int s0/0/0 R2(config-if)# no shutdown         (R2에 활성화 시켜보자) R1#                                         (R1의 CLI로 이동한다.) (s0/0/0이 활성화 되어 라우팅테이블에 203.230.8.0/24 네트워크 경로가 추가 되었다.) %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up  ㆍㆍㆍ 중략 ㆍㆍㆍ  RT: add 203.230.8.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, connected metric [0/0] RT: NET-RED 203.230.8.0/32 R1# show ip route (네트워크 경로가 203.230.8.0 이 추가 되었다.) C     203.230.7.0/24  is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 L     203.230.7.1/32  is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 C     203.230.8.0/24  is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 L     203.230.8.1/32  is directly connected, Serial0/0/0</td><td style="width: 27.8972%;"></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 15.3107%;">디버깅 해제</td><td style="width: 56.792%;">R1# no debug ip routing </td><td style="width: 27.8972%;">undebug all; u al 디버깅은 시스템에 부하를 줌</td></tr><tr style="height: 90px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 90px;">IP 주소와 MAC 주소 쌍에 대한 정보</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 90px;">R1> en R1# show arp  Protocol   Address       Age    Hardware Addr   Type  Interface Internet   203.230.7.1    -       0030.A3E3.8201   ARPA   Gi0/0 Internet   203.230.7.2   30      0000.BA87.9D53   ARPA   Gi0/0</td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 90px;"><a href="https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=kiwon2711&logNo=70042148599" target="_blank" class="ke-link">ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)</a> <a href="https://www.cisco.com/c/ko_kr/support/docs/ip/dynamic-address-allocation-resolution/13718-5.html" target="_blank" class="ke-link">프록시 ARP</a> 논리주소(IP)를 물리주소(MAC)로 변환시키는 프로토콜</td></tr><tr style="height: 145px;"><td style="width: 15.3107%; height: 145px;">시스코 탐색 프로토콜 CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)</td><td style="width: 56.792%; height: 145px;">R1# conf t  R1(config)# cdp run R2# conf t  R2(config)# cdp run R3# conf t  R3(config)# cdp run R1# show cdp neighbors  R2   Ser 0/0/0  138  R  c2900  Ser 0/0/1 R1# show cdp entry * R1# show cdp interface R1# conf t R1(config)# no cdp run R1(config)# do show cdp neighbors % CDP is not enabled</td><td style="width: 27.8972%; height: 145px;">CDP: 네트워크 유지관리 프로토콜 - 이웃 장비에 대한 정보 수집</td></tr></tbody></table></div> 관리 거리 AD (Administrative Distance)- AD값은 작을 수록 우선순위를 가지며 라우터에서 사용되는 주요 AD  값 - 서브넷마스크 길이가 동일한 경우에만 AD를 이용한 우선순위가 적용됨 - 서브넷마스크가 긴 것이 우선순위가 빠름(예, OSPF 163.180.0.0/16보다 RIP 163.180.116.024가 우선순위가 빠름)<div class="table-wrap"><table data-ke-type="table" data-ke-align="alignLeft" style="width: 100%; height: 234px;" border="1" data-ke-style="style15"><tbody><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;"> Route Source</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">디폴트 AD값</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;"> Connected Interface</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">0</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;"> Static</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">1</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;"> EIGRP summary Route</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">5</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">eBGP</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">20</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">EIGRP(Internal)</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">90</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">IGRP</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">100</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">OSPF</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">110</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">IS-IS</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">115</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">RIP</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;"> 120</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">EIGRP(External) </td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">170</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">iBGP </td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">200</td></tr><tr style="height: 18px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px;">Unknown</td><td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; text-align: center;">255</td></tr></tbody></table></div> 팁: ping 오류시 디버깅 방법 1) pc, router 등의 디바이스의 IP 설정 확인2) # show ip route  로 라우터 경로 확인3) # show run 로 네트워크 설정 확인