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2차대전시 러시아공수부대는 낙하시 우리가 흔히 공수부대 영화에서 보던 낙하방법이 아니라 비행기 날개에서 낙하를 시작하는군요,,,,

The Soviet Airborne & Disembarking the Tupolev TB-3

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Mar 30, 2015-->

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By HistoricalFirearms.info. 

The photographs below show the rather unusual method of how Russian Paratroopers disembarked from the TB-3.  By jumping or rather sliding from the wing. The Soviets were one of the first countries to take the concept of airborne infantry seriously developing the tactic during the 1930s.

The Tupolev TB-3 was initially designed as a heavy bomber capable of carrying 4,000 lbs of bombs.  It entered production in 1930, by the mid 1930s the TB-3had also taken on the air transport role for the new Russian Airborne units capable of carrying up to 35 paratroops.  

The paratroopers boarded through a side hatch and travelled in the plane’s fuselage while the flight crew and gunners operated in exposed cockpits on the top of the aircraft.  Once over their dropzone the parachutists would disembark by climbing up out of the top of the fuselage, dropping themselves down onto the plane’s wing and then sliding off.  They would wait until most of the men were on the wing before jumping in order to minimise drop zone dispersion.

Squadron of Soviet transports carrying paratroops (source)

During the interwar period development and experimentation with parachute troops was patchy with Britain, France and the United States ignoring the concept while Russia, Italy and Poland embraced the idea.  In the Soviet Union parachuting became a national sport with thousands of Russians jumping from planes and parachute towers erected in towns across the country.

Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky led the push for airborne units, he was an exponent of ‘Deep Operations’ theorising that a rapid strike at the enemy’s rear and lines of communication with air-landed and parachute troops could knock the enemy off balance.  In 1931, Tukhachevsky tested his theories with a trial drop of eleven armed paratroops from a Tupolev ANT-9 passenger plane who then simulated attack on an enemy headquarters.

Soviet Paratroops prepare to for a jump (#1 source &  #2 source)

The soviets continued to support the development of parachute forces within their aviation brigades during the early 1930s .  They refined their tactics in hundreds of airborne exercises with special parachute detachments tasked with capturing airstrips in order for larger elements to land – a tactic the German Fallschirmjäger’s would adopt.  In December 1932, the 3rd Airlanding Brigade (Special Purpose) with a dedicated battalion of paratroops was formed and a further 29 battalions numbering 8,000 paratroops in total were formed in 1933.  In addition to experimentation with paratroops glider-borne forces were also developed.  In 1934 the Red Army boasted ten glider manufacturing plants with 230 glider stations, and 57,000 trained glider pilots.

Paratroops jump from three Tupolev TB-3s (source)

In September 1935 major Soviet exercises near Kiev demonstrated to Western military observers just how far Soviet airborne warfare had been developed.  A U.S. observer Major Faymonville reported that 1,800 paratroops jumped simultaneously with weapons and ammunition and formed a defensive strongpoint behind a simulated enemies lines to be relieved by a Soviet tank column. The British observer at the exercise, Major General Archibald Wavell, was unimpressed by the demonstration: “this parachute descent, though its tactical value may be doubtful, was a most spectacular performance.”  Wavellprophetically believed that the time it took lightly armed paratroops to concentrate on the ground could prove disastrous.  However, one country which was universally impressed by the demonstration was Germany.

When we’re used to seeing paratroopers jump from side doors or from rear ramps it is an unusual sight to see them sliding off the wing.  But when you consider that previous parachute jumps made by individuals had been made by pilots climbing from the cockpit the logic of sliding from the plane can be seen.  The Soviets were not alone in their unique methods of jumping.  During the early years of World War Two British Airborne troops dropped from a small hole in the underside of Armstrong Whitworth Whitley bombers.

Russian Airborne troops made relatively few combat jumps, of the numerous Airborne Brigades formed most were hastily thrown into the line as infantry when Germany invaded in 1941.  With most of the original Soviet Paratroops killed in the first months of the war it wasn’t until the mid 1940s that any jumps were made.  The Tupolev TB-3 remained a workhorse of the hard pressed Soviet air force during the war even though it was obsolete and had officially been retired before the beginning of the war.

Matthew Moss is a British postgraduate student specializing in military history and small arms. He also runs historicalfirearms.info, a site that looks at the history, development and use of firearms as well as wider military history. Follow him on twitter.

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