고려대 [2008] 고려대 편입학 기출어휘 분석(12.22) - 복원완료

[허 민(쌤!)]

 

<총평> 이번 고려대 KUET 시험의 어휘문제는 항상 그래왔던 것처럼 난이도가 높게 출제되었다.

보카바이블을 벗어나는 어휘는 4문제 정도 되었지만 모두 문장완성으로 전환해서 문맥으로 해결이 가능했다.

독자님들의 합격을 기원 드린다.

* 어휘문제 39문제(동의어 12+ 문장완성27): 35문제 적중(비적중 4문제)-적중률 89.7%

* 숙어 및 표현 문제 5문제: (2문제 적중)

[1-17] [동의어] ※ Select the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

1. Nature is always consistent, though she feigns to contravene her own laws.

① restrict ② observe ③ coordinate ④ disobey

【정답】④ contravene 법 등을 위반하다(=disobey), 모순되다[F0243, R125]

2. Public principles can be imposed by a despotic government. But the public philosophy of a free society cannot be restored by fiat.

① agreement ② order ③ sagacity ④ compromise

【정답】② fiat 명령(=order) [H18]

3. There are some verbal offenses against a moral order, and they can, incidently, be committed with excellent pronunciation or with impeccable grammar and spelling.

① flawless ② indistinct ③ indecipherable ④ equivocal

【정답】① impeccable 죄 없는, 결점 없는(=flawless) [표제어 2655]* 청색동의어 그대로 출제

4. These results are the first definite proof that sexual reproduction magnifies the efficiency of natural selection in eliminating deleterious mutations.

① uncontrolled ② advantageous ③ harmful ④ useful

【정답】③ deleterious 해로운, 유해한(=harmful) [표제어 1355] * 청색 동의어 그대로 출제

5. The mettle of a men is tested in adversities and he who remains in his beliefs comes out shinning.

① cleverness ② courage ③ insight ④ promise

【정답】② mettle 용기, 원기, 기개 (=courage) * 보카바이블 비적중

* 문장완성의 형식으로 충분히 풀 수 있는 문제

6. The lawyer doctored the evidence found in the murder trial to disprove his client's guiltiness.

① collected ② submitted ③ confiscated ④ modified

【정답】④ doctor (증거 등을) 변조, 조작하다(=modify) * 보카바이블 비적중

* 기본어휘의 숨은 2차적 의미를 묻는 문제로서 문장완성 형식으로 풀어야 할 문제

7. I'd love to have one home in the mountains and another at the seashore, but that's just a pipe dream.

① impossible ② feasible ③ understandable ④ attainable

【정답】① [표현 문제]

a pipe dream 몽상; 허황된 생각 * 보카바이블에는 없는 숙어이므로 알아 두세요.

(아편 파이프를 빨아서 야기되는 망상이나 환각에서 유래된 숙어표현)

8. Last year, most people found that any increase in their incomes was completely negated by the rise in the cost of living.

① replenished ② nullified ③ exacerbated ④ complemented

【정답】② negate 부정하다, 부인하다, 취소하다(=nullify) [표제어 3344]

9. As early as 1800, the poor in Britain were subsisting on a vastly less nutritions meal of often adulterated white bread with cheese, tea and sugar.

① aromatized ② seasoned ③ debased ④ enriched

【정답】③ adulterate 불순하게 하다, 타락시키다; 질을 떨어뜨리다(=debase) [표제어 0242]

* 복원방에서 seasoned 를 답으로 주장하는 수험생이 있지만 결코 동의어 문제는 원 단어가

가지는 의미를 넘어서 추론해서는 안 됨.

10. The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated while it is still in an embryonic state; otherwise, it may grow to dangerous proportions.

① a developed ② a rudimentary ③ a fluctuating ④ a sedentary

【정답】② embryonic 미 발달의(=rudimentary) [H17] * 동의어 그대로 출제

11. Although we could not understand the words of the song, we got the impression from the plangent tones of the singers that it was a lament of some kind.

① plaintive ② soft ③ audible ④ melodic

【정답】① plangent (종소리 등이) 구슬프게 울리는 [보카바이블 비적중]

= plaintive 구슬픈, 애처로운[H30]

* 이 어휘는 빈도가 측정 불가능한 아주 어려운 어휘입니다.

역시 문장완성으로는 풀 수 있는 문제 (lament 가 단서)

(어휘교재로는 유일하게 거로보카에 있지만 그 역시 뜻이 “<파도 등이> 밀려와 부딪치는” 만 있음

12. With a sixth of humanity living within its borders, India is more linguistically diverse than Europe. But apart from a few hiccups along the way, it remains one of the most stable and unified societies in all of Asia.

① glories ② ameliorations ③ achievements ④ disruptions

【정답】④ hiccup <의성어> 딸꾹질(히껍); (주식 시세의) 일시적 하락 [보카바이블 비적중]

= disruption 붕괴, 중단 [표제어 1712] * 동의어라고 보기엔 좀 먼 정답

13. leap-frogging (복원 안 됨)

① synthesizing ② wandering ③ disserving ④ vaulting

【정답】④ [표현 문제]

14. The electronics company is one under-the-radar example of how the explosion of international trade has spawned a new generation of growth companies in rapidly developing countries.

① obvious ② inconspicuous ③ representative ④ technical

【정답】② [표현 문제]

under-the-radar 레이더 밑으로 나는 → 눈에 잘 안 띄는(=inconspicuous: D1114)

 

* 이 문제에 대해서는 의견이 부분하고 타 학원에서는 ① obvious 이 답이라고 하지만 일단 동의어 문제에서는 주어진 어휘에 맞는 충실한 답을 골라야 한다. (동의어 문제는 동의어를 고르는게 최우선이고 문맥은 정답이 없는 경우 등의  그 이후의 문제이다. ) 또한 문맥에 충실한 답을 고른다고 해도 ② 이 정답이 안 될 이유도 없다. * one under-the-radar example (하나의 잘 알려지지 않은 예)

* under the radar 는 실제로 많이 사용되는 표현이지만 아직 사전에 일반적으로 등재되어 있지 않다.

radar 가 발명된 지 얼마 안되는 기술이기 때문이다.

* 참고로 위키피디아 사전에는 이렇게 소개되어 있다.

under the radar (not comparable)

<어원> From under + the + radar. Originally referred to flying a plane at an altitude below where it could be seen by radar. (비행기가 레이더에 보여지는 고도 아래로 나는 것에 기원한다.)

 1. (idiomatic) unnoticed

 That is against the rules, but I think we can slip it past, under the radar.

 2. (idiomatic) unexpected

<용례>

1. Sometimes, it is better to fly under the radar than staying out infront.

  (어떤 때는 앞에 나서는 것보다 남들 모르게 낮게 있는 것이 낫다.)

2. Under the Radar: Books Not to Miss (잘 알려지지 않은: 놓치지 말아야 할 책들)

3. Just stay under the radar. Don’t bring attention to yourself. Staying under the police radar may be wise. (눈에 안 띄게 있어라. 스스로 주목을 끌지 말아라. 경찰의 눈에 띄지 않게 있는 것이 현명할 것이다. - 불법체류에 관한 글 중)

* 참고로 under 라는 전치사적 부사는 "은밀함"의 뉘앙스를 많이 가진다.

" under the table" 이란 표현도 테이블 밑(잘 안보이니까)으로 은밀히 뇌물을 주고 받는것에 기원을 두고 "  뇌물로서; 은밀히 "란 뜻을 가지는 것이다.

[Tip] 동의어 문제에는 아무리 문맥이 어색하고 다른 문맥이 잘 통하는 선택지가 있다고 하더라도

 원 단어가 가지는 뜻을 벗어날 수 없다. 눈에 보이는 동의어가 있지만 다른 선택지가 정답으로

채택되는 경우에도 정답 선택지에 그 단어의 의미가 숨어 있기 때문에 정답이 되는 것이다.

obvious 와 inconspicuous 는 서로 반의의 관계에 있는 단어들이다. 아주 특이한 케이스(반어적, 역설적

표현) 외에는  하나의 표현이나 단어가 서로 상충되는 뜻을 동시에 가지는 경우는 없다.

15. imperturbable (문제 복원 안됨)

① domineering ② furious ③ calm ④ flustered

【정답】③ imperturbable 침착한, 냉정한 (=calm) [표제어 2715] * 동의어 그대로 출제

16. I have butterflies in my stomach-maybe because I don't know how to pronounce half the lines I have to say today.

① am hopeful ② am starved ③ am disgusted ④ am nervous

【정답】④ [표현문제]

have butterflies in one's stomach (걱정으로) 마음이 두근거리다(=be nervous)

[보카바이블 기출필수표현 I-33, p.224]

17. Reporters said that we would never make a success of our magazine; now that we have proved them wrong, they will have to eat their words.

① retract criticism ② claim innocence ③ withdraw apologies ④ deny responsibility

【정답】① [표현문제]

eat one's words (자기의 말을 먹어버리다) → 자기가 앞서 한 말을 취소하다

[보카바이블 기출필수표현 I-123, p.616]

[28-47] [문장완성] ※Select the one that best completes the sentence.

31. Developing a close relationship takes time; no relationship becomes ______ close. We consider a relationship to move from a fairly superficial stage to a deeper, more intimate bond.

① instantly② deliberately③ adequately ④ covertly

【정답】① instantly 즉시로, 즉석에서[D2932]

32. If your support of our position is ________, we will never know whether you are going to be for us or against us.

① consistent ② unwavering③ intermittent④ unambiguous

【정답】③ intermittent 간헐적인, 때때로의 [표제어 2951]

33. In today's era of mass media exposure, most citizens are better informed about crooked politicians at the national level than they are at the local one. Consequently, political corruption is more likely to ______ at the local levels.

① languish ② thrive ③ perish ④ retrogress

【정답】② thrive 번영하다, 번성하다, 무성해지다 [표제어 4245]

34. Developers have struggled to obtain contiguous plots of land, and regional officials have been slow to grant building permits because of concerns over ________ practices and environmental impact.

① conscientious ② lawful③ reciprocal ④ unscrupulous

【정답】④ unscrupulous 사악한, 비도덕적인 [B43, D3255]

35. If the nadir of the modern Olympics came at Munich in 1972-when eleven Israeli athletes were kidnapped by members of the PLO, two executed, und the rest killed in a rescue attempt-the ancient ________ was in 364 BC, as the sacred Games of Zeus were interrupted by a military assault in the middle of a wrestling match.

① equivalent ② ritual③ competition ④ diversion

【정답】① equivalent 동등한, 같은 가치의; 등가물, 상당어구 [표제어 1954]

36. Lexicographers may be hustling to put a word in the next editions of their dictionaries: subprime. in lending, prime-from the Latin primus "first"-is the least risky, giving the lender a low interest rate: the sub-prefix takes the meaning in the other direction: ________ but high risk.

① low credit ② safe investment ③ high return ④ high debt

【정답】③ high return

37. In preindustrial country towns and city neighborhoods, the people who needed each other lived close to each other. This ________ provided many benefits that were free or comparatively inexpensive.

① segregation ② proximity ③ negligence ④ privacy

【정답】② proximity (시간, 장소에의) 근접 [D4435, H31]

38. In late-modern society, the psychologically complex and autonomous individual is ________. Individual decisions and reflection give way in more and more spheres of life to corporatist policy making and the repetitive formulae of mass culture.

① a luminary ② an exemplar ③ a prototype ④ an anachronism

【정답】④ anachronism 시대착오, 시대에 뒤진 사람 [표제어 0355]

39. Geniuses prepare themselves for chance. Whenever we attempt to do something and fail, we and up doing something else. That is the first principle of _________. It provokes a question: what have we done? Answering that question in a novel way is the essential act of innovation.

① creative accident ② cautious abstraction

③ constructive rivalry ④ complete conformity

【정답】①

40. Some people have a constant swirl of papers on their desks and assume that somehow the most important matters will float to the top. In most cases, however, ________ hinders concentration and can create tension and frustration-a feeling of being snowed under.

① tidiness ② clutter ③ precision ④ rearrangement

【정답】② clutter 난잡하게 흩어진 것; 혼란[H10]

41. "Tell the truth," V. S. Naipaul advised a young writer when the latter asked him how to get started as a novelist. As contradictory as that might seem, anyone who has written fiction, or even tried to tell a convincing lie, knows exactly what Naipaul meant. The best tales have the air, feel and smell of authenticity about them, and the _________ aspect of good fiction is this honesty.

① shameful ② pernicious ③ paradoxical④ dogmatic

【정답】③ paradoxical 역설적인; 자가당착적인[F3453]

42. For too long, we have accepted _________ as a precondition for quality in search engines, even though the best computer scientists tell us that security through obscurity is a bad idea. The best way to battle spammers and spammers if through open public participation in the process of ranking and rating search results.

① exposure ② secrecy③ candor ④ legitimacy

【정답】② secrecy 비밀, 은밀 ; 비밀 엄수

43. One type of compliance is the ________ response: we comply almost automatically, giving little thought to the reasons we should or should not agree to carry out the behavior. This form of compliance is most likely to occur when the response is overlearned and requires little conscious monitoring and when the form of the request matches our expectations about legitimate requests.

① mitigated ② contemplated③ evasive④ mindless

【정답】④ mindless

44. If we don't act to improve the health of the newspaper industry, we will see newspapers wither and die. Without newspapers, we would be less informed about our communities and have fewer outlets for the expression‎ of independent thinking and a diversity of viewpoints. The challenge is to restore the ________ of newspapers while preserving the core values of a diversity of voices.

① viability ② ownership ③ uniformity ④ editorship

【정답】① viability 실행가능성; 생존 능력 [표제어 4434]

45. For many decades, environmental scientists have been warning us that enormous damage can be done to the ecology of a region by pressure for economic development and by apparently ________ , bur in reality short-sighted, responses to this pressure. The damage will not only any _______  economic progress the region experiences but also has the potential to make the region unlivable.

① irrational - intensify② reasonable - obliterate

③ proper - spur④ liberal - promote

【정답】② reasonable 이치에 맞는, 합리적인[B29] - obliterate 지우다, 말소하다 [D1821]

46. Self-publishing, the only real success story in an otherwise depressed industry, is ______ , thanks to the Internet, digital cameras and more sophisticated digital printing. It's also gaining respect. No longer dismissed as vanity presses, DIY publishing is discovering a _______ market of customers seeking high-quality books for limited distribution.

① waning - mass② shrinking - global

③ Booming - niche④ stagnating - luxury

【정답】③ boom 감자기 경기가 좋아지다 [B03]- niche (수익 가능성이 높은) 틈새 시장 [H28]

47. For half a century, social psychologists have been trying to figure out the human gift for irrational behavior. Why did we evolve with brains that salute our shrewdness for buying the neon yellow car with bad gas mileage? The brain keeps sending one message-Yes! Genius!-while our friends and family are saying, "Well..." This ________ has been demonstrated over and over by researchers.

① punishing - self-conceit ② justifying - self-control

③ condemning - self-confidence ④ rationalizing - self-delusion

【정답】④ delusion 현혹, 기만, 망상, 착각[표제어 1414] * self-delusion (자기 기만)

 48. [미복원 문제] conservative 보수적인, 보수주의의[D1055, F2442]

 49. [미복원 문제] reinforce 강화하다, 보강하다[D1922]

 50. [미복원 문제] superfluous 여분의, 과잉의, 남아도는[F4145, P22, R039]

[60-61]

Adaptors are nonverbal behaviors designed to satisfy some need. Sometimes the need is physical, as when we scratch to satisfy an itch or when we push our hair out of our eyes. Sometimes the need is psychological, as when we bite our lip when anxious. Sometimes adaptors are directed at increasing comfort, as when we moisten dry lips. When these adaptors occur in private, they occur in their entirety. But in public, adaptors usually occur in abbreviated form. For example, when people are watching us, we might put our fingers to our head and move them around a bit but probably not scratch with the same vigor as when in private. Because publicly emitted adaptors usually occur in such form, it is often difficult for an observer to tell what this partial behavior was intended to accomplish. For example, observing someone's finger on one's head, we cannot be certain for what this behavior was intended.

60. Choose the one closest in meaning to the underlined "abbreviated form"

① a full-fledged manner② a reduced way

③ an exaggerated way④ an inexcusable manner

【정답】② abbreviate 줄여 쓰다, 단축하다[F1022]

[bruce lee]

13번 문제 복원 합니다. The 20th century, with its leap-frogging technology, its mass communications, and its agents of enormous destrution, changed not only attitudes of people around the eatrh but also the earth itself.

[bruce lee]

15번 문제 복원합니다. He remaind imperturbable and in full command of the situation in spite of the hysteria and panic all around him.

[作心每日]

10

[作心每日]

34

[作心每日]

45

[作心每日]

b