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Effective objectives are
realistic and attainable, discrete and time-limited.
Setting realistic objectives means taking small steps. Continuing success means dividing goals into discrete enough objective units to accomplish one step after another.
For example, Sean, a client with profound developmental disabilities, may be overwhelmed by the singular objective of learning to brush his teeth.
But when the worker breaks this objective into the discrete accomplishments of Sean picking up his toothbrush, applying toothpaste, wetting the brush, placing it in his mouth, and moving the brush across his teeth, success is now within reach.
Sean and the worker can now focus on one objective at a time and celebrate each success as it occurs.
Redefining objectives as mini-objectives also opens up options of working on objectives sequentially (achieving one objective after another) or concurrently (attempting several objectives at one time). Sean, in the previous example, will likely benefit from a sequential approach.
Achieving each small step, whether sequentially or concurrently, leads to quantum leaps as clients see results, experience success, and gain confidence.
Research supports that “self motivation can be best created and sustained by attainable subgoals that lead to larger future ones.” Feeling satisfied with their achievements of one objective, clients gain a sense of mastery and tend to persist in their change efforts.
Workers and clients also incorporate time considerations when formulating discrete objectives, usually by selecting objectives that can be achieved within a few weeks. If clients cannot accomplish an objective quickly, the objective is too broad or too long term. Workers and clients should break it into smaller, sequential objectives.
When meeting at designated intervals, such as once a week, workers and clients can easily consider what can be completed by the next time they meet in deciding what objectives to set. Quick accomplishments relieve immediate pressures and posture client systems toward further advancements.
출처 : Generalist Social Work Practice : An Empowering Approach 7e
pp. 319~320
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