러시아 흑해함대, 킬로급 잠수함을 세바스토폴에서 노보로시스크로 이동배치

[위종민]

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/09/russian-navy-kilo-class-submarines-retreating-from-crimea

우크라이나의 A2/AD에 대해 안전하며 가장 신뢰할 만한 순항미사일 투사 자산으로 쓰였던 흑해함대의 킬로급 잠수함 4척은 그 동안 크림반도 세바스토폴항을 모항으로 활발하게 활동했었는데, 세바스토폴항이 우크라이나의 공격에 취약해지면서 동쪽에 위치한 노보로시스크항으로 모항을 옮겼다고 합니다. 세바스토폴항 해군기지의 '동쪽'에서 우크라이나 무인기가 접근한 동영상이 공개됐었다고 합니다. ( http://www.hisutton.com/Attack-on-Russian-Navy-HQ-At-Sevastopol.htm ) 

세바스토폴과 노보로시스크는 대략 340km 정도 떨어져 있네요. 

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Russian Navy Kilo Class Submarines Retreating From Crimea - Naval News

H I Sutton

4-5 minutes

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The changing tide of the Ukraine War appear to have led the Russian Navy to ‘regroup’ its forces in the Black Sea. Early during the invasion they loitered boldly close to Odessa. Now the Black Sea Fleet barely sails out of sight of Crimea for fear of Harpoon missiles. Its submarines too have recently shifted their base further from the shadow of Ukrainian attack.

14 Sep 2022

Since the beginning of the Ukraine Invasion in February, the Russian Navy’s four Improved-Kilo Class submarines in the Black Sea have been a regular sight in Sevastopol. The major naval base on Crimea’s west coast has been a starting point for many attacks on Ukraine. The Kilos have dedicated berths there, where they rearm with Kalibr land-attack cruise missiles.

Until recently it was not unusual to see three Kilos in the port at once, with one at sea. That has changed.

For the past few weeks, they have been concentrated at Novorossiysk, another naval base much further from Ukraine.

The Kilo Class Submarine

The Project 636.3 Improved KILO Class submarine is Russia’s most potent naval asset in the Black Sea. They are inherently more survivable in open water than their warship cousins. Especially against the Ukrainian which lacks any anti-submarine assets.

This was demonstrated by the dramatic loss of the flagship Moskva on April 13-14. There were many factors in the Slava Class cruiser’s loss. But submarines are, by their nature, immune to Harpoon or Neptune missiles. Russia’s surface fleet has already shifted out of range of the Harpoons.

Without a Ukrainian Navy to be sunk, the submarines, like much of the surface navy, is on cruise missile duty. Unlike surface ships Russian submarines can operate unimpeded throughout the Black Sea. They can launch Kalibr cruise missiles at targets throughout the entire country.

A slight disadvantage of the Kilo class submarines is that they only carry four Kalibrs. Russia’s surface ships are equipped with an 8-round vertical launch system. The Kilo’s can only launch the cruise missiles through two of their six torpedo tubes.

The Safety Of Novorossiysk

Novorossiysk sits on the Russia’s Black Sea coast, between Sochi and the now famous Kerch Bridge linking to Crimea. In recent years the naval base has been expanded and, during the Ukraine War, has been the home of many landing ships. Some submarines are normally based there but for much of the war Sevastopol became their hub.

Now they have largely moved back from Sevastopol. Submarines do still call at Sevastopol, and the older submarine Alrosa, which is undergoing post-refit trials, is still active there. But it is now normal to have three Kilos in Novorossiysk, and that is a change.

The move came shortly after Ukraine stepped up drone attacks on Sevastopol, targeting the Black Sea Fleet’s headquarters. The prominent HQ building was approached by drones which flew from the east, over the submarine berths. This may be part of the motivation for the change.

Given the war approaching Crimea, and Ukraine’s growing ability and confidence to attack Sevastopol, the retreat seems prudent. And it is difficult to disassociate it with the war threat.

The submarines do not however have to be based at Sevastopol in order to launch Kalibr missiles. These have enough range to be launched from near Novorossiysk and hit targets inside Ukraine. And the submarines have the ability to sail unmolested throughout the northern Black Sea.

As Russia moves its Navy around, reacting to Ukraine’s military moves, the location and activity levels of the submarines will continue to be of interest.

[백선호]

옛날에 그리스 사람들이 만든 항구이고 1066년 영국의 노르만 콩퀘스트 이후에는 앵글로색슨 피난민들이 가서 정착했다고 하네요.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_(medieval)

[위종민]

아테네 먹여살리던 흑해 밀 무역의 거점 중 하나였겠네요.

위키 링크는 뉴잉글랜드를 첨부하셨습니다 ^^

[백선호]

전부 복사해서 붙이면 흑해의 뉴잉글랜드로 갑니당 ^^

[위종민]

아 흑해 이 곳도 뉴잉글랜드였었네요. 제가 봤던 동로마사나 영국사 서적에선 본 기억이 없는데 이런 내용은 어디서.. ㅎㅎ

[백선호]

저도 저 항구도시를 위키피디아로 찾다가 오늘 처음 봤습니다. ^^