전경골근, 장무지신근, 장지신근, 제3비골근, 단지신근

[문형철]

1. 5개의 extensor muscle

- tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum brevis

- deep peroneal nerve의 신경지배

2. 전경골근의 길항근은 장비골근

3. 제 3비골근은 없는 사람도 있음.

4. 보행입각기에서 전경골근은 원심성 수축이므로 흔히 과부하에 노출됨. - shin splint의 원 인

5. 하부운동사슬 질환의 맨 마지막 단계에는 거의 항상 전경골근의 overuse가 필요함  - 설명요망

panic bird...

1. 전경골근(tibialis anterior muscle)

- 족저굴곡, 발의 내반에 관여하는 근육

In human anatomy, the tibialis anterior is a muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral (outside) surface of the tibia and inserts into the first cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot. This muscle is mostly located near the shin. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. The tibialis anterior overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg.

Structure[edit]

It arises from the lateral condyle and upper half or two-thirds of the lateral surface of the body of the tibia; from the adjoining part of the interosseous membrane; from the deep surface of the fascia; and from the intermuscular septum between it and the extensor digitorum longus.

The fibers of this fusiform muscle are relatively parallel to the plane on insertion, ending in a tendon, apparent on the anteriomedial dorsal aspect of the foot close to the ankle.

After passing through the most medial compartments of the transverse and cruciate crural ligaments, it is inserted into the medial and under surface of the medial cuneiform bone and the base of the first metatarsal bone.

Innervation[edit]

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve, branch of common peroneal (fibular) nerve (L4, L5, S1).

Variation[edit]

A deep portion of the muscle is rarely inserted into the talus, or a tendinous slip may pass to the head of the first metatarsal bone or the base of the first phalanx of the great toe.

The tibiofascialis anterior, a small muscle from the lower part of the tibia to the transverse or cruciate crural ligaments or deep fascia.^{[clarification needed]}

Function[edit]

The tibialis anterior muscle is the most medial muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg. The tibialis anterior is responsible for dorsiflexing and inverting the foot. The muscle has two origins, one being the lateral tibial condyle and the other being the upper lateral surface of the tibia, and inserts on the medial surface of the medial cuneiform and adjoining part of base of the first metatarsal of the foot allowing the toe to be pulled up and held in a locked position. It also allows for the ankle to be inverted giving the ankle horizontal movement allowing for some cushion if the ankle were to be rolled. 

It is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve and acts as both an antagonist and a synergist of the tibialis posterior. However, the most accurate antagonist of the tibialis anterior is the peroneus longus. The tibialis anterior aides in the activities of walking, running, hiking, kicking a ball, or any activity that requires moving the leg or keeping the leg vertical. It functions to stabilize the ankle as the foot hits the ground during the contact phase of walking (eccentric contraction) and acts later to pull the foot clear of the ground during the swing phase (concentric contraction). It also functions to 'lock' the ankle, as in toe-kicking a ball, when held in an isometric contraction.

Antagonists are plantar-flexors of the posterior compartment such as soleus and gastrocnemius.

Essentially, the movements of tibialis anterior are dorsiflexion and inversion of the ankle. However, actions of tibialis anterior are dependent on whether the foot is weight bearing or not (closed or open kinetic chain). When the foot is on the ground the muscle helps to balance the leg and talus on the other tarsal bones so that the leg is kept vertical even when walking on uneven ground.

전경골근 Trp 탐구

2. 장무지신근(extensor hallucis longus)

The Extensor hallucis longus is a thin muscle, situated between the Tibialis anterior and the Extensor digitorum longus that functions to extend the big toe, dorsiflex the foot, and assists with foot eversion and inversion.

It arises from the anterior surface of the fibula for about the middle two-fourths of its extent, medial to the origin of the Extensor digitorum longus; it also arises from the interosseous membrane to a similar extent.

The anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve lie between it and the Tibialis anterior.

The fibers pass downward, and end in a tendon, which occupies the anterior border of the muscle, passes through a distinct compartment in the cruciate crural ligament, crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the anterior tibial vessels near the bend of the ankle, and is inserted into the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe.

Opposite the metatarsophalangeal articulation, the tendon gives off a thin prolongation on either side, to cover the surface of the joint. An expansion from the medial side of the tendon is usually inserted into the base of the proximal phalanx.

Variations[edit]

Occasionally united at its origin with the Extensor digitorum longus.

Extensor ossis metatarsi hallucis, a small muscle, sometimes found as a slip from the Extensor hallucis longus, or from the Tibialis anterior, or from the Extensor digitorum longus, or as a distinct muscle; it traverses the same compartment of the transverse ligament with the Extensor hallucis longus.

Innervation[edit]

Deep peroneal(fibular) nerve, branch of common peroneal(fibular) nerve (L4, L5, S1).

3. 장지신근(extensor digitorum longus)

The Extensor digitorum longus is a pennate muscle, situated at the lateral part of the front of the leg.

Origin and insertion[edit]

It arises from the lateral condyle of the tibia; from the upper three-fourths of the anterior surface of the body of the fibula; from the upper part of theinterosseous membrane; from the deep surface of the fascia; and from the intermuscular septa between it and the Tibialis anterior on the medial, and the Peronæi on the lateral side. Between it and the Tibialis anterior are the upper portions of the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve.

The muscle passes under the transverse and cruciate crural ligaments in company with the Peronæus tertius, and divides into four slips, which run forward on the dorsum of the foot, and are inserted into the second and third phalanges of the four lesser toes.

The tendons to the second, third, and fourth toes are each joined, opposite the metatarsophalangeal articulation, on the lateral side by a tendon of the Extensor digitorum brevis. The tendons are inserted in the following manner: each receives a fibrous expansion from the Interossei and Lumbricalis, and then spreads out into a broad aponeurosis, which covers the dorsal surface of the first phalanx: this aponeurosis, at the articulation of the first with the second phalanx, divides into three slips—an intermediate, which is inserted into the base of the second phalanx; and two collateral slips, which, after uniting on the dorsal surface of the second phalanx, are continued onward, to be inserted into the base of the third phalanx.

Variations[edit]

This muscle varies considerably in the modes of origin and the arrangement of its various tendons.

The tendons to the second and fifth toes may be found doubled, or extra slips are given off from one or more tendons to their corresponding metatarsal bones, or to the short extensor, or to one of the interosseous muscles. A slip to the great toe from the innermost tendon has been found.

장무지신근과 장지신근의 Trp 탐구

4. 제 3비골근(peroneus tertius)

The fibularis tertius (/ˌfɪbjʉˈlɛərɨs ˈtɛrʃi.əs/) (also known as peroneus tertius) is a muscle of the human body located in the lower limb.

The muscle arises from the lower third of the anterior surface of the fibula (anterior compartment of lower leg); from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; and from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus brevis muscle. The septum is sometimes called the intermuscular septum of Otto.

The tendon, after passing under the superior extensor retinaculum of foot and inferior extensor retinaculum of footin the same canal as the extensor digitorum longus, is inserted into the dorsal surface of the base of the metatarsal bone of the fifth digit.

It is innervated by the deep fibular nerve, unlike the other peroneal muscles which are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve, since the peroneus tertius is a member of the anterior compartment. Its action is that of weak dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and to evert the foot at the ankle joint. 

This muscle is seldom found in other primates, a fact that has linked its function to efficient terrestrial bipedalism.

- 제 3비골근은 다른 영장류에서는 거의 없음. 이 사실은 두발보행을 하는데 제 3비골근이 효과적인 연결을 하고 있다는 것을 보여줌. 

5. 단지신근(extensor digitorum brevis muscle)

참고) extensor hallucis brevis(단무지신근)

The extensor digitorum brevis muscle (sometimes EDB) is a muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4.

Structure[edit]

Origin: forepart of upper and lateral surface of calcaneus, in front of groove for peroneus brevis, from interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, stem of inferior extensor retinaculum.

Course[edit]

Course: fibres passes obliquely forwards and medially crosses dosum of foot and ends in four tendons. the medial part of muscle ends in tendon which crosses the dorsalis pedis artery and inserted into dorsal surface base of PPX of great toe, it is termed as extensor hallucis brevis. the other three tendons inserted into lateral sides of tendon of extensor digitorum longus which inserted into 2nd 3rd 4th toes.

Innervation[edit]

Nerve supply: lateral terminal branch of Deep Peroneal Nerve (deep fibular nerve) (proximal sciatic branches L4-L5, but most clinically relevant L5 with L4/L5 HNP causing L5 lesion). Same innervation of Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Action[edit]

Action: extends MTP of 1st to 4th digits and assists in extending the IP joints of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits.

Note: without EDL there is no extension of 5th digit.

폼롤러 이완법

스트레칭 방법

에반스의 전경골근 isolated stretching

[heoss]

감사합니다.^0^

[정기홍]

일목요연하게 정리되는 느낌이네.
물론 또 잊어버릴 테지만
이렇게 반복 저렇게 반복, 반복반복..>.<

[문형철]

ㅎㅎㅎ 반복하다보니 잊지 않고 기억하고, 만질 수 있게 되더라 ㅎㅎㅎ