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· Many ECF( Early Church Fathers) or post apostle fathers are different from the Bible teachings, either because those letters and documents are Forgery or they themselves were wrong. I wrote about << Ignatius letter to Smyrnaean church # 8>> as follows: Ignatius was an elder of Antioch church and the disciple of Apostle John. It seems that either 1) the letter was a forgery, written some hundred years later or just after his death by someone else or 2) Ignatius could be very wrong in the doctrine as Paul warned to the Elders of Ephesus in Acts 20: 29-30. <<< 29 For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock. 30 Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them.>>> Even among the elders of Ephesus at the time of around 58AD, Paul warned them that someone may arise and teach the people to follow them instead of following Jesus. Such misleading can be made by the Clergy system. Therefore Jesus warned that He hates the teachings and works of Nicolaitans ( Nicao+Lay= Rulers of the lay people) ( Rev 2:6, 15). The great theme of Christianity is that there is only one teacher and the rest are all Brothers and Sisters ( Mt 23:8). But the Letter to Smyrnaeans from Ignatius emphasize the reverence to Bishops too much. Without Bishop, no one can baptize any. But Philip, a deacon, baptized the Ethiopian Eunuch ( Acts 8:36-39) without any approval from the bishop. Ignatius didn't mention how the Catholic church was evolved, but quickly mention the holy Catholic church without mentioning the history. Also, the letter distinguish between Bishop and Elder. However the Bible Acts 20:17 says Paul invited Elders of Ephesus, then told them that the Holy Spirit appointed them as the Bishops ( more accurately Overseers). So, Paul treated Elders=Episkope ( Bishop or Overseers). Moreover, 1 Tim 3:1-7 explains the qualification of the Episkope and it is almost the same as the qualification of the Elders in Titus 1:5-9. Moreover, Paul established a church in every city and ordained Elders in the church, not the Bishops nor Pastors, and moreover Elders were Plural for each church ( Acts 14:23). Also, Jesus said Mt 18:20 "" For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them."" What the letter says is different from what Jesus said! Bishops are not the pre-requisite for the church at all!!!! Moreover, Apostle Peter called himself Elder ( 1 Peter 5:1) never called himself a Pope at all, no Bishop either. Then Apostle John called himself An Elder ( 2 John 1:1, 3 John 1:1) If Peter and John were the elders, then who were the Bishops above them? The letter from Ignatius to Smyrnaean church contains lots of Heretics compared to the Bible teachings! Therefore I can conclude the letter seems to be a forgery after the establishment of Catholic church, written by someone else, backward or retrospectively or Ignatius was very wrong in his dogmas and doctrines compared to other apostles and what Jesus said.
· VIII
· 1. Πάντες τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ ἀκολουθεῖτε, ὡς Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς τῷ πατρί, καὶ τῷ πρεσβυτερἰῳ ὡς τοῖς ἀποστόλοις. τοὺς δὲ διακόνους ἐντρέπεσθε ὡς θεοῦ ἐντολήν. μηδεὶς χωρὶς τοῦ ἐπισκόπου τι πρασσέτω τῶν ἀνηκόντων εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν. ἐκείνη βεβαία εὐχαριστία ἡγείσθω, ἡ ὑπὸ ἐπίσοπον οὖσα ἢ ᾧ ἂν αὐτὸς ἐπιτρέψῃ. 2. ὅπου ἂν φανῇ ὁ ἐπίσκοπος, ἐκεῖ τὸ πλῆθος ἤτω, ὥσπερ ὅπου ἂν ῇ Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, ἐκεῖ ἡ καθολικὴ ἐκκλησία. οὐκ ἐξόν ἐστιν χωρὶς τοῦ ἐπισκόπου οὔτε βαπτίζειν οὔτε ἀγάπην ποιεῖν· ἀλλ’ ὃ ἂν ἐκεῖνος δοκιμάσῃ, τοῦτο καὶ τῷ θεῷ εὐάρεστον, ἵνα ἀσφαλὲς ᾖ καὶ βέβαιον πᾶν ὃ πράσσετε.
· IX
· 1. Εὐλογόν ἐστιν λοιπὸν ἀνανῆψαι ἡμᾶς, ὡς ἔτι καιρὸν ἔχομεν εἰς θεὸν μεταμοεῖν. καλῶς ἔχει, θεὸν καὶ ἐπίσκοπον εἰδέναι. ὁ τιμῶν ἐπίσκοπον ὑπὸ θεοῦ τετίμηται· ὁ λάθρα ἐπισκόποου τι πράσσων τῷ διαβόλῳ λατρεύει. 2. πάντα οὖν ὑμῖν ἐν χάριτι περισσευέτω· ἄξιοι γάρ ἐστε. κατὰ πάντα με ἀνεπαύσατε, καὶ ὑμᾶς Ἰησοῦς Χριστός. ἀπόντα με καὶ πάροντα ἠγαπήσατε. ἀμοιβὴ ὑμῖν ὁ θεός, δι’ ὃν πάντα ὑπομένοντες αὐτοῦ τεύξεσθε.
· Chapter 8. Let nothing be done without the bishop
· See that you all follow the bishop, even as Jesus Christ does the Father, and the presbytery as you would the apostles; and reverence the deacons, as being the institution of God. Let no man do anything connected with the Church without the bishop. Let that be deemed a proper Eucharist, which is [administered] either by the bishop, or by one to whom he has entrusted it. Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church. It is not lawful without the bishop either to baptize or to celebrate a love-feast; but whatsoever he shall approve of, that is also pleasing to God, so that everything that is done may be secure and valid.
· Chapter 9. Honour the bishop
· Moreover, it is in accordance with reason that we should return to soberness [of conduct], and, while yet we have opportunity, exercise repentance towards God. It is well to reverence both God and the bishop. He who honours the bishop has been honoured by God; he who does anything without the knowledge of the bishop, does [in reality] serve the devil. Let all things, then, abound to you through grace, for you are worthy. You have refreshed me in all things, and Jesus Christ [shall refresh] you. You have loved me when absent as well as when present. May God recompense you, for whose sake, while you endure all things, you shall attain unto Him.
There are multiple surviving manuscript copies of the Letter to the Smyrnaeans, preserved in three distinct textual traditions (recensions) and various languages.
The primary textual families are:
· The Middle Recension: Considered the most authoritative and authentic by the vast majority of scholars; it exists in Greek manuscripts (such as the 11th-century Mediceus Laurentianus pl. 57.7), Latin, Armenian, and fragments in Syriac and Coptic.
· The Long Recension: A later expansion containing additional spurious letters; it is preserved in the majority of surviving Greek and Latin manuscripts but is generally rejected as containing forgeries added in the 4th or 5th century.
· The Short Recension: An abridgment of the letters preserved in Syriac translations.
첫댓글 페이스북에서 토론하다가 나온 중요한 사항이라 생각되어 추가하였습니다.
(15) 이그나티우스는 안티옥크 교회의 감독이었고, 사도 요한의 제자로 알려졌습니다. 그런데 이 서신서는 단수의 감독 밑에 여러명의 장로들이 시무하는 것처럼 상정하고 있으며, 장로의 권위는 언급되지 않은 반면, 감독(에피스코페-혹은 주교)에게 전권이 있는 것처럼 보이며, 모든 신자들이 감독(주교)에게 절대 복종해야 하는 것으로 쓰여져 있습니다. 그런데 사도 요한이 이그나티우스의 스승이었는데도 요한 2서 3서에서 요한은 자신을 장로라고 소개합니다. 그러면 이그나티우스가 절대 권력을 갖는 감독 밑에 사도 요한이 장로로서 복종하고 지냈다는 말입니까? 이 서신서는 코메디 수준입니다!