Herring

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Herring

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This article is about the species of fish. For their use as food, see Herring as food. For other uses, see Herring (disambiguation).

Herring

Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus

Global commercial capture of herrings
in million tonnes reported by the FAO 1950–2010[1]

Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae.

Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, including the Baltic Sea, as well as off the west coast of South America. Three species of Clupea (the type genus of the herring family Clupeidae) are recognised, and provide about 90% of all herrings captured in fisheries. The most abundant of all is the Atlantic herring, providing over half of all herring capture. Fish called herring are also found in the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, and Bay of Bengal.

Herring played a pivotal role in the history of marine fisheries in Europe,[2] and early in the 20th century, their study was fundamental to the evolution of fisheries science.[3][4] These oily fish[5] also have a long history as an important food fish, and are often salted, smoked, or pickled.

Herring are also known as "silver darlings".[6]

Contents

• 1Species
• 2Characteristics
• 3Lifecycle
• 4Ecology
  • 4.1Prey
  • 4.2Predators
• 5Fisheries
• 6As food
• 7History
• 8See also
• 9References
  • 9.1Citations
  • 9.2Sources
• 10Further reading
• 11External links

Species[edit]

Commercial fishLarge pelagicForageDemersalMixed

This article is part of a series on

• billfish
• bonito
• mackerel
• salmon
• shark
• tuna

• anchovy
• herring
• menhaden
• sardine
• shad
• sprat

• cod
• eel
• flatfish
• pollock
• ray

• carp
• tilapia

• v
• t
• e

A number of different species, most belonging to the family Clupeidae, are commonly referred to as herrings. The origins of the term "herring" is somewhat unclear, though it may derive from the Old High German heri meaning a "host, multitude", in reference to the large schools they form.[7]

The type genus of the herring family Clupeidae is Clupea.[4] Clupea contains only two species: the Atlantic herring (the type species) found in the North Atlantic, and the Pacific herring mainly found in the North Pacific. Subspecific divisions have been suggested for both the Atlantic and Pacific herrings, but their biological basis remains unclear.

hideHerrings in the genus ClupeaCommon nameScientific nameMaximumlengthCommonlengthMaximumweightMaximumageTrophic
levelFish
BaseFAOITISIUCN status

Atlantic herring	Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758	45.0 cm	30.0 cm	1.05 kg	22 years	3.23	[8]	[9]	[10]	Least concern[11]
Pacific herring	Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847	46.0 cm	25.0 cm		19 years	3.15	[8]	[12]	[13]	Not assessed

In addition, a number of related species, all in the Clupeidae, are commonly referred to as herrings. The table immediately below includes those members of the family Clupeidae referred to by FishBase as herrings which have been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herring