개,견 犬은 전세계에 퍼진 말을 한자음으로 차용했다는 증거,狗개,구 한자음 유래

[조피디]

犬견

에스키모인들도 사용하고 있네.

영어에도 흔적 canine

개의,송곳니의

이탈리아어

cane [까네] 犬견

1.남성형 명사 개.

2.남성형 명사 [비유적] 개 같은 놈, 악인.

3.남성형 명사 폭언.

포르투갈어

Cão 까웅

[동물] 개

라틴어

cănis [고전:카니스] [교회:카니스] 

1.남성형 명사, 여성형 명사 개.

2.남성형 명사, 여성형 명사 개처럼 사나운 사람.

3.남성형 명사, 여성형 명사 〔욕설〕 개자식, 뻔뻔스럽고 더러운 놈.

caninus 

1.개의

2.개 같은

스페인어

can 

1.남성형 명사 개

2.남성형 명사 (옛날 대포의) 작은 청동제 부품

3.남성형 명사 (화기의) 격철

quiltro 

남성형 명사 개, (특히) 혈통이 없는 개

개의 새끼 -->강아지

강=개

kh-->ch 

캐 와 비슷한 발음에서 변했다.

중국방언

Shanghai: ćhyö

Taiyuan: ćhyɛ

Wenzhou: ćhy 

페르시아어

کلب [kalb] 

1.(سگ) 개

아래보면 나온다.

강 간 견 발음변화이며 犬견 한자음에 쓴다.

Modern (Beijing) reading: quǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷīnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: khwī́n

Western Han Chinese: khwjǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: khwiǝ̄́n

켈 캘 켤 킬 ---->켄 캔 켠 퀸 취앤 발음이 변하는 것이다.

ㄹ받침이 생략되어 캐 케 키 로 발음이 되기도 한다.

취앤 켠 켄 지역,나라마다 발음이 다르다.

중국 한커우나 청두에서는 kh-->ch 발음변화

Hankou: chuan 

Chengdu: ćhyan 

kh-->ch-->sh 발음도 변화한다.

프랑스어

chien [ʃiɛ̃]쉥

1.명사 [동물] 개

2.명사 (욕설) 개 같은 놈, 못된 놈[것]

독일어

Hund [hʊnt] 

1.남성 개(특히 수컷), 강아지

2.남성 (개 같은) 놈, 개새끼

3.남성 개속(屬)(개•늑대•여우 등)

h는 kh에서 변함

kh-->h

켠 

nd<-->ng<-->nk

베트남어

khuyển [犬]

발음 [쿠옌]

狗개,구 역시 뒤에 발음이 생략되어 파생된다.

쿠옌이면 쿠-->구 한국어한자음 

공통어근이 쿠 혹은 코 

헝가리어

kutya 狗구

1.명사 (～'t, ～'ja, ～'k)개

2.명사 사냥개

3.명사 비굴한(나쁜) 사람

우즈벡어

kuchuk [쿠축] 

명사 so‘zl 개, 수캐

터키어

köpek 

1.개

힌디어

कु [kutta:] 

1.남성형 명사 개.

2.남성형 명사 정륜기. 톱니.

3.남성형 명사 가치없는 놈. 하인배.

कुकुर [kukur] 

남성형 명사 개.

가히(15세기~17세기)>개(16세기~현재) 

개는 기 라고도 발음하기도 한다.사투리로.

바닷게는 경상도에서는 기 라고도 말한다.

ㅎ 밑에 아래아+이-->히(일본어) 또는 해(sun,日)

어두자음군 ㅅㄷ 밑에 아래아+이--->시(한국어한자음 時) 또는 때 (time)

티-->치-->시

테-->체-->제

베트남어

thời [時]

1. 시간2. 시대

발음 [터이]

thì [時]

1. 시제2. 적령기3. …에 대해서

발음 [티]

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qhʷīj ( / *qhʷīn)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

 

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *χHwĭ́je

Meaning: dog

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

 

Borean (approx.) : KVNV

Meaning : wolf, dog

Eurasiatic : *ḲüjnA

 

Eurasiatic: *ḲüjnA

Meaning: wolf, dog

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *k'uu̯on-

 

Proto-IE: *k'wen-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: dog

Hittite: h.l. śuwanis (Tischler 500)

Tokharian: A ku, obl. kon, B ku `собака' (Adams 179)

Old Indian: ś(u)vā́, gen. śúnaḥ m. `dog'

Avestan: spā, gen. sūnō 'Hund'; spaka- 'hunderartig, Hund-'

Armenian: šun, gen. šan `Hund'

Old Greek: küṓn, gen. künós, acc. kǘna m., f. `Hund, Hündin'

Baltic: *čō̃ (*čun=), *čwin-ia- c., -iā̃ f.

Germanic: *xun-d-a- m.

Celtic: OIr cū, gen. con; Cymr ci, pl. cwn; Bret, Corn ki 'Hund'

Russ. meaning: зверек (собака)

References: WP I 465 f

Altaic: ? *káŋV

 

Proto-Altaic: *káŋV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dog

Russian meaning: собака

Turkic: *KAŋ-čɨk

 

Proto-Turkic: *KAŋ-čɨk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bitch 2 female

Russian meaning: 1 сука 2 самка

Old Turkic: qančɨq (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qančɨq (MK) 1

Turkish: kanǯɨk 2

Middle Turkic: qančɨq (Pav. C., Houts., Qutb.), qančuq (AH) 1

Uzbek: qɛnǯiq 1

Uighur: qančuq, qanǯiq (dial.) 1

Azerbaidzhan: GanǯɨG 1

Turkmen: Ganǯɨq 1

Kirghiz: qančɨq 1

Kazakh: qanšɨq, qaŋšɨ 1

Noghai: qanǯɨq 1

Bashkir: qansɨq, qansaj 1

Karakalpak: qanšɨq 1

Kumyk: qančɨq 1

Comments: VEWT 230, ЭСТЯ 5, 255-256, Лексика 190. The original *-ŋ- is probably preserved in Kaz. qaŋšɨ.

Tungus-Manchu: *kači-kān

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kači-kān

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: puppy

Russian meaning: щенок

Evenki: kačikān

Even: qačịqan

Negidal: kačịxān

Orok: kēčike

Nanai: kejče(kẽ)

Udighe: kas`anǯiga

Solon: xasxā̃

Comments: ТМС 1, 385.

Korean: *kàŋ-

 

Proto-Korean: *kàŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 dog 2 puppy

Russian meaning: 1 собака 2 щенок

Modern Korean: kǟ 1, kaŋaǯi 2

Middle Korean: kàhí 1, kàŋ'àčí 2

Comments: Nam 8, 28, KED 65, 61. The form kàhí points to a suffixed *kàŋ-h- ( < *kaŋV-k-). With *-ń- cf. also MKor. kǝ̀ń'uǝ̀ńí 'a k. of dog' (Liu 50).

Comments: The TM form may belong here if it goes back to *kaŋ-čikān (= PT *Kaŋčɨk, MKor. kàŋ'àčí). See SKE 84-85, ТМС 1,385, Menges 1984, 270-271, АПиПЯЯ 296, Дыбо 9; TMN 3, 520 ("alles sehr unsicher").

Uralic: *küjnä 'wolf' (Wichmann FUF)

Eskimo-Aleut: *qǝnʁa- (~ *qiHǝnʁa-?)

 

Proto-Eskimo: *qǝnʁa- (~ *qiHǝnʁa-?)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: fox, polar fox, wolf

Russian meaning: лиса, песец, волк

Proto-Yupik: *qǝnʁa-ʁ- ~ *q[i]ʁna-ʁ-

 

Proto-Yupik: *qǝnʁa-ʁ- ~ *q[i]ʁna-ʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: polar fox 1, wolf 2

Russian Meaning: песец 1, волк 2

Sirenik: [qǝnlǝ́ʁa 'wolf'], qináχtǝqǝ̄́χtǝχ 'to bark'

Chaplino: qǝnʁáχtu (t) 1 (blue), kɨnʁáxtuq* 2

Naukan: qéʁnaqtúq 1 (blue)

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: kaɣanaq 2

CAY Dialects: LI, BB ǝʁnǝχtuʁ(aq) 'blue, grey fox'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 166, 308, 307

Proto-Inupik: *qianʁa-ʁ-, *qiʁnǝʁa-

 

Proto-Inupik: *qianʁa-ʁ-, *qiʁnǝʁa-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: fox 1, wolf 2

Russian meaning: лиса 1, волк 2

SPI Dialects: Imaq qiaʁnaqtuq 1 (blue)

North Alaskan Inupik: qianʁaq 1 (cross), qiʁńɨqtaq 1 (black, silver)

NAI Dialects: Nu qiʁńɨqtāluk 2 (black)

WCI Dialects: Cop qianʁaqtuq 1 (blue), qiʁniʁaqtuq 'blue fox' [Jen.]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: qiaʁŋatuq, qīʁattuq 1 (silver)

Greenlandic Inupik: tiʁianniaq qiʁniʁtaq 1 (blue)

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 301, 308, 302

Comments: [For PA cf. rather PIE *(s)ken- 527?]

References: МССНЯ 334, ОСНЯ 1, 361-362; ND 1083 *Ḳüy(a)n̄V 'wolf, dog'.

Afroasiatic : *kwVHen-

 

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *kwVHen-

Meaning: dog

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Berber: *kun- 'dog'

 

Proto-Berber: *kun-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'dog'

Canarian: cuna

Western Chadic: *kwin-H- 'dog'

 

Proto-WChadic: *kwin-H-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'dog'

Fyer: kʷéeŋ [JgR]

East Chadic: *kany- 'dog'

 

Proto-EChadic: *kany-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'dog'

Dangla: kànyà [Fd]

Migama: kânnyà [JgM]

Jegu: kany- [CLR:107]

Mogogodo (Yaaku): kwehen 'dog'

 

Mogogodo: kwehen

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'dog'

Omotic: *keHen- 'dog'

 

Proto-Omotic: *keHen-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'dog'

Ometo: kana(a)

Kafa (Kaficho): kunano

Mocha: kunano

Dime: keenu

East Mao (Diddesa): kano

Sino-Caucasian : *χHwĕ́je

 

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *χHwĭ́je

Meaning: dog

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *χ_Hwĕje

 

Proto-North Caucasian: *χ_Hwĕje

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dog

Proto-Nakh: *pħu

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *χʷoʔi

Proto-Tsezian: *ʁ:ʷǝ̃j

 

Proto-Tsezian: *ʁ:ʷǝ̃j

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dog

Tsezi: ʁIʷaj

Ginukh: ʁʷe

Khvarshi: ʁʷe

Inkhokvari: ʁIʷẽ

Bezhta: wo

Gunzib: wǝ

Comments: PTsKh *ʁIʷǝ̃j; PGB *wǝ, obl. *wǝj- (cf. Bezht. woj-, Gunz. wǝj-).

Proto-Dargwa: *χ:Iʷaj

 

Proto-Dargwa: *χ:Iʷaj

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dog

Akusha: χIa

Chiragh: χ:Iwa

Comments: Cf. also Kad. χ:Iʷa, Kait. χ:Iʷa, Kub. χ:ʷe, Muir. χʷi, Sirg. χIʷa, Ur. χʷi (pl. χuri). The Ur. plural χur-i and Ak. gen. χura-la reveal the old oblique stem *χ:ur-.

Proto-Lezghian: *χ:ʷäja

 

Proto-Lezghian: *χ:ʷäja

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dog

Tabasaran: χuj

Agul: ʁuj

Rutul: χij (Khniukh.)

Tsakhur: χʷa

Kryz: χʷar

Budukh: χor

Udi: χIa

Comment: Other relevant forms: Ag. Bursh. χI:uj, Tsakh. Gelm. χʷajä. In PL there existed a parallel oblique base *χ:ʷäj-rV-, cf. Ag. Bursh. χI:ura-ni-, whence the Kryz. and Bud. direct forms with -r.

    See Trubetzkoy 1930, 85; Лексика 1971, 158; Гигинейшвили 1977, 121.

Proto-Khinalug: pχra

Proto-West Caucasian: *ŁIʷa

Notes: One of the cases with the interesting correspondence PEC *χHw : PWC *Łʷ. It is not yet clear what should be reconstructed in these cases: perhaps, some cluster like *χl- or *lχ-. It is also possible that in some cases PAT l- is a result of secondary lateralisation, and Ub. w : PAK *ħ could also point to PWC *χ́Iʷ (for which otherwise no examples are found). Most of the EC languages point to the PEC oblique base *χ_Hwĕj-rV- (cf. PN *pħare-, PA *χʷor-, PD *χ:ur-, PL *χ:ʷäjrV-); in some languages (Shakhdagh, Khin.) the former oblique base became direct. See Trubetzkoy 1930, 277, Abdokov 1983, 123.

Sino-Tibetan: *qhʷīj ( / *qhʷī-n)

 

Yenisseian: *ʔɨʔɨ-n (~x-,-G-,-χ-)

 

Burushaski: *hu-k (? with an old dimin. suffix?)

Basque: *hor

 

Proto-Basque: *hor

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dog

Bizkaian: (arc) or

Low Navarrese: hor, or

Lapurdian: or

Zuberoan: hor, ho

Comments: An archaic word for 'dog': cf. PEC (oblique base) *χ_Hwĕj-rV- 'dog'. In Bsq it is largely supplanted by *saku-r̄ (q.v.).

Comments and references : HGC 18, NSC 57 *χwEjV.

Austric : PAN *u(ŋ)kuq 'puppy'? (POc. *nkaun 'dog'?)

Amerind (misc.) : *(a)kuan 'dog' (R 179) [+ A K]

Reference : МССНЯ 334, ОСНЯ 1, 361-362; GE 7 *kuan (+ ? Khois., ?IP).

North Caucasian: *χ_Hwĕje

Sino-Tibetan: *qhʷīj ( / *qhʷī-n)

Yenisseian: *ʔɨʔɨ-n (~x-,-G-,-χ-)

Burushaski: *hu-k (? with an old dimin. suffix?)

Basque: *hor

Comments and references : HGC 18, NSC 57 *χwEjV.

Meaning: dog

Chinese: 犬 *khʷīn dog.

 

Character: 犬

Modern (Beijing) reading: quǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷīnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: khwī́n

Western Han Chinese: khwjǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: khwiǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwiḗn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwiḗn

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwiḗn

Middle Chinese: khwíen

Fanqie: 去選

Rhyme class: 銑

English meaning : dog

Russian meaning[s]: собака, пес; собачий; по-собачьи; вежл. мой (о детях)

Shuowen gloss: 狗之有縣蹄者也. 象形. 孔子曰. 視犬之字. 如畫狗也. 凡犬之屬皆從犬.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

 

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

 

Number: 115

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 犬

MC description : 山合四上銑溪

ZIHUI: 3689 2002

Beijing: ćhyan 2

Jinan: ćhyã 2

Xi'an: ćhyã 2

Taiyuan: ćhyɛ 2

Hankou: chuan 2

Chengdu: ćhyan 2

Yangzhou: ćhyî̃ 2

Suzhou: ćhiö 2

Wenzhou: ćhy 21

Changsha: ćhyẽ 2

Shuangfeng: thuĩ 2

Nanchang: ćhyɔn 2

Meixian: khian 2

Guangzhou: hyn 21

Xiamen: khian 2

Chaozhou: khieŋ 21

Fuzhou: kheiŋ 2

Shanghai: ćhyö 1

Zhongyuan yinyun: khyen 2

Radical: 94

Four-angle index: 4947

Karlgren code: 0479 a-d

Vietnamese reading: khuyê`n

Jianchuan Bai: khuã1

Dali Bai: khua1

Bijiang Bai: qhõ1

Tibetan: khji dog.

Burmese: khwijh dog, LB *khujx.

Kachin: gui² dog (cf. also čǝ̆khjon¹ a fox, wolf or wild dog).

Lushai: ui dog, KC *ɣui.

Kiranti: *khlè

 

Proto-Kiranti: *khlè

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: dog

Tulung: khlewa, khleja (AS khleba)

Kaling: khlep

Limbu: khjābā dog, khjāmā bitch, khjāsā puppy

Dumi: khībɨ, khību; dial. khlebu

 

Entry: khi:bɨ, khi:bu

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

 

Proto-Kiranti: *khlè

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: dog

Tulung: khlewa, khleja (AS khleba)

Kaling: khlep

Limbu: khjābā dog, khjāmā bitch, khjāsā puppy

Dumi: khībɨ, khību; dial. khlebu

Kulung: kheba 'dog', khepme 'bitch'

Comments: Toba 89 *khlepa.

Grammar: n.

Meaning: dog, hound

Nepali: kukur

Comments: cf. khlebu.

Kulung: kheba 'dog', khepme 'bitch'

 

Entry: kheba

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: dog

Nepali: kukur.

Comments: Toba 89 *khlepa.

Comments: Dimasa si; Kanauri kui; Moshang gui-hĕ; Namsangia hu; Vayu uri; Trung dǝ³-gǝ¹, PG *na-ki, Chepang kujʔ, Magari cyu. Simon 20; Sh. 42, 408, 428; Ben. 44; Mat. 179.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qōH (?)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

 

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HV́lqwV̄

Meaning: to bark

North Caucasian: *Helq_wĀ

 

Proto-North Caucasian: *Helq_wĀ

Meaning: to bark

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔelqʷa

Proto-West Caucasian: *q:Iʷǝ

 

Proto-West-Caucasian: *q:Iʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to bark 2 to howl

Adyghe: hā-q:ʷǝ-n 1

Kabardian: q:ʷǝ-ʁǝ-n 2

Ubykh: qIʷǝ- 1

Comments: PAK *q:ʷǝ- (in Kab. - a compound with ʁǝ-n 'to weep, cry'); Ub. a-qIʷǝ́-n.

Notes: An onomatopoeic Lezg.-WC isogloss; the correspondences, however, are regular, and the root may be old (unlike other words for "barking" in Caucasian languages, which are all heterogeneous and certainly recent onomatopoeia).

Sino-Tibetan: *qōH

Meaning: to bark, dog

Chinese: 狗 *kōʔ dog

 

Character: 狗

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǒu

Preclassic Old Chinese: kōʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kṓ

Western Han Chinese: kwā́

Eastern Han Chinese: kwā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: kṓw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: kʌ́w

English meaning : dog [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) собака; по-собачьи; 2) бран. собачий, сучий; 3) подхалимствовать, пресмыкаться

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 94

Four-angle index: 4319

Karlgren code: 0108 d

Kiranti: *hu / *huk(s)

 

Proto-Kiranti: *hu / *huk(s)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: bark

Sunwar: hōk-ca

Tulung: huk-

Kaling: 'hunä ('huŋɔ)

Limbu: homā (horā) to bark, ho (n.) the bark of a dog, hukmā (hukkhu) to roar

Dumi: hūknɨ

 

Entry: hu:knɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: vi-1 hu:kh/hu:k

Meaning: bark

Nepali: bhuknu.

Comments: Khi:bɨmɨl hamhu:kha The dogs barked

Kulung: hūma

 

Entry: hu:ma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vi-3 [1: huk- 2: hu:-]

Meaning: bark (of a dog)

Nepali: bhuknu.

Yamphu: huʔwa 'dog'

 

Entry: huʔwa

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: dog.

Nepali: kukur

Comments: Toba *'huk-.

Comments: Cf. also Kham kāh 'dog' (?).