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(1-9) Choose one that is most appropriate for the blank. 1. Under the contest rules, the award goes to an undergraduate college student who has collected a ________ personal library. ① distinguished ② dormant ③ modified ④ precise ⑤ stocked 2. Everyone has a unique style of communication but culture determines a general style for their members. The relationship of the individual to his culture is __________ to that of an actor and his director. ① whatever ② antagonistic ③ analogous ④ antecedent ⑤ apocalyptic 3. They stood in the middle of the crowded thoroughfare, engrossed in one another, completely _______ of the throngs of people who swarmed around them. ① aware ② oblivious ③ contemptuous ④ terrified ⑤ concerned 4. Although the injury appeared _________, the examination by the ophthalmologist revealed that he would need immediate surgery to save his sight. ① hereditary ② self-inflicted ③ infected ④ superficial ⑤ intermittently 5. The city ______________ the project of building the stadium before the new baseball season begins. ① shall be completed ② would have completed ③ have completed ④ will have completed ⑤ would have been completing 6. All through working hours, and ________ in the time spent between work and home, the workers are exposed to noise. ① as long as ② by no means ③ much less ④ still more ⑤ let alone 7. The abuse of drugs is so _____________ that the government will have to take some stern measures against it. ① aggressive ② diversified ③ exasperating ④ extraordinary ⑤ rampant 8. While diligence is a trait much to be admired, it should not be confused with drudging, the unquestioning preoccupation with _________ routines. ① menial ② daily ③ formal ④ calcified ⑤ systematic 9. Over the years she had proven herself so wise, so concerned, so dedicated to the welfare of the community, that it was hardly surprising that everyone in it treated her with great _________. ① dignity ② forbearance ③ sympathy ④ rectitude ⑤ deference (10-12) Choose one that is grammatically incorrect. 10. We have spent all together too much money on this project: we have exceeded our budget and can expect no additional ① ② ③ ④ funds until the beginning of the new year. ⑤ 11. When descending from 37,000 feet to make our landing, the pressure affected our ears, and some children burst into tears. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ 12. When asked how long she had been a resident of the state, she replied, "I am living in this state for five years." ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ (13-15) Choose one that is closest in meaning to the underlined expression‎. 13 After you're finished with the books, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them. ① talk ② write a critical essay ③ criticize ④ forget everything ⑤ make a summary 14. Prior to his appointment as secretary of state, Kissinger was a professor of government and international affairs at Harvard. ① After ② During ③ Regardless of ④ Besides ⑤ Before 15. Do you want to know what I suggest? OK. You should bury the hatchet and say no more about it. ① fix a quarrel ② take up a quarrel ③ stop quarrelling and be friendly ④ settle a quarrel by means of a compromise ⑤ refuse to compromise (16-18) Read the following passage and answer the questions. When a people have no sufficient value for, and attachment to, a representative constitution, they have next-to-no chance of retaining it. Representative institutions necessarily depend for their permanence upon the readiness of the people to fight for them in case of their being endangered. If too little is valued for this, they are almost sure to overthrow, as soon as the head of the government is willing to run some small risk for absolute power. These considerations relate the first two causes of failure in a representative government. The third is, when the people lack either the will or the capacity to fulfill the part which belongs to them in a representative constitution. When nobody, or only some small fraction, feels the degree of interest in the general affairs of the state necessary to the formation of a public opinion, the electors will seldom make any use of the right of suffrage but to serve their private interest, or the interest of their locality, or of someone with whom they are connected as adherents or dependents. The small class who, in this state of public feeling, gain the command of the representative body, for the most part use it solely as a means of seeking their fortune. 16. The purpose of this passage is to ______ . ① warn people away from representative government ② advocate greater involvement of all the governed in political affairs ③ criticize the representative constitution by pointing out democratic abuse ④ present arguments for and against representative government ⑤ oppose the extension of suffrage to those with private interests 17. According to the passage, the author would encourage __________. ① resistance of the electorate to strong party leaders ② compulsory registration for voting ③ grass-roots participation in government ④ a strong central government for the unprivileged class ⑤ restrictions on the power of the government 18. According to the passage, which is true? ① The survival of representative government depends upon the involvement of the people in public affairs. ② People must be prepared to fight for the head of the government. ③ Those who are in power would not put their private interest ahead of the public interest. ④ The heads of government would eventually seek absolute power even though people fight against it. ⑤ Representative government can survive if the right of suffrage is limited. (19-22) Read the following passage and answer the questions. We now know that what constitutes practically all of matter is empty space; relatively enormous voids in which revolve with lightning velocity infinitesimal particles so utterly small that they have never been seen or photographed. The existence of these particles has been demonstrated by mathematical physicists and their operations determined by ingenious laboratory experiments. It was not until 1911 that experiments by Sir Ernest Rutherford revealed the architecture of the mysterious atom. Moseley, Bohr and others have also worked on the problem. Matter is composed of molecules whose average diameter is about 1/125 millionth of an inch. Molecules are composed of atoms so small that about five million could be placed in a row on the period at the end of this sentence. Long thought to be the ultimate, indivisible constituent of matter, the atom has been found to consist roughly of a proton, the positive electrical element in the atomic nucleus, surrounded by electrons, the negative electric elements swirling about the proton. 19. According to the passage, the center of the atom ______. ① contains a single proton ② has not yet been seen by the naked eye ③ was seen as early as 1911 ④ is about the size of a period ⑤ might be photographed under microscopes 20. According to the passage, the atom __________. ① is the smallest particle ② is a little larger than a molecule ③ is composed of several particles ④ has been photographed ⑤ is empty space 21. Scientists agree that molecules are ____________ . ① voids ② the smallest unit of matter ③ not divisible ④ not basically composed of electric elements ⑤ huge compared with electrons 22. The underlined expression‎ means _________ . ① 과학이 좀 더 발전하면 500만개의 원자가 얻어질 수 있다 ② 분자 한 개에 원자 500만개가 들어갈 수 있다 ③ 마침표 내에 500만개의 원자가 한 줄로 늘어설 수 있다 ④ 최후의 판단이 내려지면, 적어도 500만개의 원자가 얻어질 수 있다 ⑤ 실험의 결과가 밝혀지면, 분자에서 500만개의 원자가 얻어질 수 있다 (23-26) Read the following passage and answer the questions. Since 1750, about the beginning of the Age of Steam, the earth's population has increased more than six times. This increase has not been an evolutionary phenomenon with biological causes. Yet there was an evolution--it took place in the world's economic organization. Thus 3,000,000,000 more human beings can now remain alive on the earth's surface; they can support themselves by working for others who in turn work for them. This extraordinary expansion in human population in seven short generations is explained by the speeded-up economic unification which took place during the same period. Thus most of us are now kept alive by this vast cooperative unified world society. Goods are now the great travelers over the earth's surface, far more than human beings. Endless streams of goods crisscross, as on Martian canals, with hardly an inhabited spot on the globe (가 visit ). 23. The main theme of the passage is ________ . ① Modern economic interdependence ② The Age of Steam ③ Increasing population ④ A new surprising modern phenomenon ⑤ Our greatest travelers 24. The author considers trade necessary for _________. ① self-preservation ② democracy ③ political unity ④ the theory of evolution ⑤ travel 25. The basic change which led to the greatly increased population concerns __________ . ① a revolution ② economic factors ③ biological factors ④ an increase in travel ⑤ political cooperations of the world 26. The correct form of 'visit' in (가) that is appropriate for the blank is ____________. ① visit ② visiting ③ visited ④ unvisited ⑤ visitable (27-29) Read the following passage and answer the questions. To stop science would create more problems than solutions. Aside from military considerations, it would be disastrous to freeze culture at its present high point. The highly technical civilization of the 20th century is like an airplane in flight, supported by its forward motion. It cannot stop without falling. If all the world's inhabitants, for instance, learn to use natural resources as fast as Americans do now, many necessary substances will be exhausted. Scientists confidently count on improvements, including atomic energy, to provide ample substitutes. Present techniques won't do it. Where will man's curve of scientific progress take him ultimately? The surprises since 1900 have made scientists humble. They know that as science grows, it only penetrates deeper into mystery. Human knowledge may be visualized as an expanding sphere whose volume grows larger as its diameter increases. But the area of the sphere's surface, its frontier with the unknown, increases as the square of the diameter. Beyond that frontier, nobody can know, until the frontier advances. 27. The best theme of the passage is ___________. ① Progress unlimited ② New frontiers ③ The future of science ④ The 20th century ⑤ Our technical civilization 28. Scientists feel that improvements which can provide substitutes are required to ________. ① prevent useless loss of life ② keep culture advancing ③ advance scientific knowledge ④ prevent exhaustion of basic materials ⑤ improve techniques of aviation 29. The author's attitude toward the expansion of scientific knowledge is ________. ① enthusiasm ② despair ③ pride ④ humility ⑤ disgust 30. Read the following passage and answer the question. When we go from town to live in the country we deceive ourselves if we think we are doing so in order to exchange noise for quietness. For instance, sit in a country garden in May, and you will notice that the noise is continuous. The birds are as loquacious as women; the bees as inimical to silence as children. And when evening falls, and the voice of the last cuckoo fades into a universal stillness, we are aware of a new awe as of something supernatural. When the world is not filled with the noises of men and animals, we begin to suspect the silent presence of something unseen and terrible. According to the passage, which is true? ① Nocturnal quietness in the country is a joy to city-dwellers. ② Women take delight in the birds' chirpings as children likes bees. ③ Extreme noise is detrimental to our health, both physical and mental. ④ Noises persist into night, which often seize people with fear and terror. ⑤ Noise is a sort of companionship to human beings.