＜살사뮤지션- Rita Montaner＞

[칼라]

                             Rita Montaner (1900~1958)

1900년 8월 20일 출생이며 1958년 4월 17일 세상을 떠났다.

쿠바의 가수이며 피아니스트이자 배우로서 무대위의 스타로 군림했다.

 멕시코와 마이에미에서도 유명세를 탔는데 쿠바에서는 1920~60대까지 각광받는 스타였다.

리타는 중산층의 약사의 딸로 태어났다. 그녀는 시작부터 스타의 기질로 태어났으며 첫피아노 연주를 1912년도 시작하면서 1915년에 각종 콩그레스에서 동메달을 수상했다.

리타는 1918년도에 변호사와 결혼해 2명의 자녀를 두었다.

1922년 3월 하바나에서 쿠바뮤직을 Eduardo SánFuenteschez de 지휘아래 보컬로 데뷔하게 된다.

그녀의 뛰어난 재능은 남편뿐아니라 누구도 제지할 수 없었다.

그해 10월에 쿠바의 라디오방송의 전파를 타기 시작했다.

 Rita Montaner in 1923 그 다음해에 싱어로서 완전히 전업을 하기 시작했다.리타의 목소리의 발성은 다양하게 소화할 수있었다.

메조소프라노부터 흑인의 아프로쿠반의 발성까지 소화할 수 있었다.( mezzo-sopranosoprano to Voiceclassification in non-classical music. )

리타의 경력은 몇 년동안 계속이어지면서 유명세를 타게 되고 쿠바의 유명한 뮤지션 들과 함께 작업하며 승승장구하게 된다.

1927년 29년도 사이에 50개의 노래를 콜롬비아 레코드 사에서 레코딩을 하게 된다.그음반중 노래는 revues and zarzuelas등이 있다.

제작자 Gonzalo Roig에 의하면 그녀는 보헤미안 스타일의 강하고 적극적인 디바로 탄생하게 된다.

그후1928년부터 세계적으로 유명세를 타며 파리 뉴욕의 브로드웨이등에서 활발히 활동하며 영화에도 출현하게 된다.

1941부터 리타는 사회의 부정부패와 부조리를 자신의 음악으로 대변하여 비평적인 가사로 사회에 고발하는 음악을 만들고 이후 그녀의 음악은 분란을 일으킬 수 있는 소지가 있어 정부로부터 금지곡으로 되기도 하였다.이러한 그녀의 활동 때문에 가족의 수난이 있었다. 그녀의 오빠가 경찰임에도 불구하고 살해당하게 된것이다.이것은 당시에 당연한일 처럼 넘어가게 되었다. 이후에도 오페라뿐 아니라 다양한 분야에서 활발히 활동하게 된다 .

1920s

• 1922

— Sang in concerts of typical Cuban music and song.

— Inauguration of Cuban radio PWX as singer.

• 1923

— Festival of Cuban song.

— Sings selected opera pieces at the Sala Falcón, Havana.

— First concert of sacred music: sings selection from Stabat Mater of Rossini, as contralto.

— Festival de la danza: plays Cervantes, Saumell and Lecuona.

• 1924

— Concert Society, Teatro Campoamor: several singing engagements.

• 1925

— Sings Cuban lyrical music at various theatres in Havana.

— Worked as Lecuona's assistant organising concert.

• 1926

— Schubert Follies Apollo, New York

• 1927

— Zarzuela La Niña Rita, o La Habana de 1830 Teatro Lírico Nacional

— Review La tierra de Venus Teatro Lírico Nacional

— Variety Arabescos Teatro Regina

— Review Es mucha Habana Teatro Regina

— La revista femenina Teatro Regina

— Review Bohemia Teatro Regina (imitates Josephine Baker for the first time)

— Operetta La corte del faraón Teatro Regina

— Review La liga de las señoras Teatro Regina

— Zarzuela El asombro de Damasco Teatro Regina

— Lyric comedy Mi pequeñao maldito Teatro Regina

— Review Castells y Riancho Teatro Regina

• 1928

— Operetta El conde de Luxemburgo Teatro Regina

— Fantasy review Los siete pecados capitales Teatro Regina

— Lyric comedy Como las golondrinas Teatro Regina

— Review Las musas latinas Teatro Regina

— Review La tierra de Venus Teatro Regina (part); and songs

— 10 week tour of Cuba by Teatro Regina

— Homage to Julita Alonso, Teatro Actualidades.

— Review Cuban Petit Follies Teatro Actualidades.

— Reopening of the Rialto cinema; is presented as La reina de la canción cubana and as La mejor intérprete de la música folklórica.

— Reopening of Fausto theatre; appears for one week.

— Evening of homage to bid Rita farewell, at Teatro Prado. She sings various numbers in a 'contest' with tenor Rodolfo Hoyos.

— Voyage to Paris: three months at the Palais de Paris, with Sindo Garay and his son Guarionex, a timbalero and the pianist Rafaelito Betancourt. Sings Cuban and Afro-Cuban material.

— First appearance after her triumph in Paris: sings at the Teatro Encanto.

— Goes to N.Y. to record 26 numbers for Columbia Records.

— Death of her mother in a car accident.

• 1929

— Reappears in Havana at the Cine Florencia and Teatro Peyret.

— Tours Cuba in February.

— Evening of homage to Rita, where she sings songs dedicated to her by leading composers (Lecuona, Roig, Anckermann, Caignet, Grenet, Simons) accompanied in each case by the song's author.

— Has a huge hit with Simons' Chivo que rompé tambo; records it for Columbia.

— June: leaves for Europe again; appears in Valencia, and in Madrid before the Queen and her council of ministers.

[edit] 1930s

• 1930

— Appears in Paris, three months in England, then New York for more recordings.

— Back to Cuba in June: appears in Cárdenas.

• 1931

— Performs in New York as the main artist in Al Jolson's company in Wonder Bar. Tours U.S. for a year.

— Records for Columbia.

• 1932

— February: Husband Alberto Fernández Díaz dies; she leaves Jolson company and returns to Cuba.

— July: appears with a galaxy of stars to celebrate her friend José Mojica at the Teatro Nacional.

• 1933

— Goes to Mexico, and performs with Bola de Nieve: a huge success.

— Marries Ernesto Estévez. Agustin Lara performs in homage to her "por su arte exceptional".

— Makes her first film in Mexico La noche del pecado.

• 1934

— June: appears in the review La tentación del trópico in Buenos Aires. Causes a sensation.

— October: returns to Cuba.

• 1935

— Performs on radio. Gets interested in the poetry of Nicolas Guillén.

— February: Performs a whole series of AfroCuban numbers on stage at the theatre Principal de la Comedia.

— March: Sings the zarzuela (by Gonzalo Roig) Cecilia Valdés. Appears in the review La gran caimán (Robreño and Prats).

— April: Appears in the lyric comedy La risa en el alma. Sings the zarzuela Rosa la China (Gallarraga/Lecuona). Performs in the dramatic zarzuela El proceso de Dolores. Appears in the entremés (short comedy) El secuestro de Falla.

— May: Performs in the review Perlas (música by Roig). Sings lied El lamento negroide (Roig).

— June: Appears in the reviews Mosaicos, El tren aéreo, Los maculados.

— July: Appears in the lyric comedy Salomé, the reviews Vivan las cadenas and Contra la república del crimen, and the two-act Cuban rapsody La hija del sol (music by Roig).

— August: Sings the sainete (short lyric comedy) María la O (lyrics by Sánchez Galarraga, music by Lecuona).

— November: Homage to Rita at the Teatro Principal del Comedia. Plays piano duet with Lecuona in the premiere of his piece Como baila el muñeco. Takes part in the dialogue Las chismosas (the gossips) with other celebrities. Sings the operetta La duquesma del bar Tabarín by Leo Bard.

— December: Performs in the operetta La viuda alegre (Merry Widow) by Franz Lehár. Performs in the Fiesta de la Variedad with Bola de Nieve, Esther Borja and others.

• 1936

— January: Sings the part of Rosa, in the Spanish lyric sainete Los claveles; in the second part sings and acted Rosa la China (Galarraga/Lecuona). Sings the opera Lola Cruz (Galarraga/Lecuona).

— February: visits New York to record for Columbia Records.

— March–June: Teatro Alkázar, concerts of music by Cuban composers.

— July: Sings Cuban numbers on Radio COCO and CMBZ. Sings at tango festival.

— October: Sings sons and boleros with the Trio Matamoros.

• 1937

— January: Sings zarzuela La reina mora, and Lecuona's El cafetal at Teatro Martí. Plays Cervantes in duo with María Cervantes at Teatro Alkázar.

— February: Sings zarzuela María Belén Chacón by Rodrigo Prats. Sings at concert of AfroCuban music by Gilberto Valdés.

— April: visits New York for recording session with Columbia Records. Plays the review Azul by Lecuona; in the second half sings part of El cafetal (Lecuona), part of the opera Lola Cruz, and part of La tierra de Venus (Lecuona). Also performed in the lyric comedy Sor Inés.

— August: Sings the zarzuela Los gavilanes with Spanish baritone Augusto Ordóñez. Performs in Music Hall Review.

• 1938

— First Cuban film Sucedió en La Habana.

— Second Cuban film El romance del palmar.

— Appearances as singer at various theatres in Havana.

— Divorces Ernesto Estévez Navarro.

— Appears again in María la O (Galarraga/Lecuona).

[edit] Filmography

These are the films Rita appeared in as actress or singer-pianist or both.^[25]

• 1934 La noche del pecado as Rita Montaner y su Conjunto Tropical. (Mexican).
• 1938 Sucedió en La Habana
• 1938 El romance del palmar
• 1947 María la O (co-production Cuba/Mexico)
• 1948 Los angelitos negros (Mexican)
• 1950 Ritmos del Caribe o Borrasca
• 1950 Pobre corazón
• 1950 Anacleto se divorcía
• 1950 Aventurera (Mexican)
• 1951 Víctimas del pecado (Mexican)
• 1951 Al son del mambo (Mexican)
• 1951 Negro es mi color (Mexican)
• 1952 La renegada
• 1952 La única
• 1954 Píntame angelitos blanco

• 1980 Rita. Director: Oscar Valdés, 19 minutes. Short film biography of Rita Montaner.

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