https://www.airandspaceforces.com/after-long-wait-guams-missile-and-air-defense-is-about-to-get-a-whole-lot-better/
2024회계년도에 괌의 방공망을 개선하기 위한 예산 15억 달러가 배정될 예정이라고 합니다. 별도로 미사일방어국이 예산 8억 1천만 달러를 투자한다고 하고요.
해군이 360도 방어능력 확보를 위해 괌에 배치할 이지스 어쇼어는 SPY-7을 기반으로 한 TPY-6 지상배치 레이더를 기반으로 한 이지스 괌 시스템으로 유럽에 배치된 이지스 어쇼어와는 다른 시스템이 될 거라고 하네요. 이지스 괌 시스템에 대해선 야후재팬에서 다룬 기사가 있습니다. 일본에 설치될 예정이었던 이지스 어쇼어와 같은 레이더라고.. 폴란드와 루마니아에 설치된 시스템은 SPY-1을 그대로 올렸네요. ( https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/obiekt/20230316-00341194 )
이지스 시스템을 IBCS 시스템에 통합시켜 육해군 통합 방공망을 제공하는 것이 목표라고 합니다.
After Long Wait, Guam's Missile and Air Defense Is About to Get A Whole Lot Better | Air & Space Forces Magazine
Chris Gordon
5-6 minutes
The Department of Defense is getting ready to overhaul its air and missile defenses on Guam, perhaps the most critical U.S. military hub in striking distance of China. DOD plans to invest $1.5 billion in a new missile and air shield for Guam in fiscal 2024, part of a long-awaited effort to better defend the territory.
“Current forces are capable of defending Guam against today’s North Korean ballistic missile threats,” Michelle C. Atkinson, the director of operations for the Missile Defense Agency, told reporters March 13. “However, the regional threat to Guam, including those from [the People’s Republic of China] continues to rapidly evolve.”
The new systems headed for the U.S. territory will include radars, launchers, interceptors, and command and control systems to counter the increasing capabilities of the Chinese cruise and ballistic missiles and other threats.
“Guam has the perfect air and missile defense problem,” said Tom Karako, an air and missile defense expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “It’s wicked hard because we have to integrate all these different defenses because the potential adversary, China, is going to have a complex and integrated attack of everything from drones to cruise missiles to ballistics to gliders, etcetera. We have to put those things together so that they can’t attack the gaps and the seams of those several systems.”
Guam, the Westernmost U.S. territory, is a critical staging location for American forces in the Pacific, providing basing for nuclear submarines, aircraft carriers, and strategic bombers, as well as jungle warfare training for the Marine Corps. The Pentagon is investing heavily now in dispersing its forces, leveraging new basing agreements with allies that will allow U.S. submarines to forward deploy to Australia, for example, and Air Force jets to drop in and operate from remote air bases throughout the western Pacific under the Air Force’s Agile Combat Employment (ACE) concept. Regardless of how many “spokes” U.S. forces operate from in the region, Guam will remain a large and critical hub.
Yet there is still a long way to go to comprehensively defend Guam against aerial threats.
“The fundamental criteria are schedule and capability,” Karako said.
The island is currently protected by the Army’s Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) ballistic missile defense system and the Navy’s Aegis system off the coast, which will continue to be supported by the Missile Defense Agency. The MDA plans to invest $801 million for Guam’s defense in fiscal 2024.
“We’re on a very short timetable on Guam,” Vice Adm. Jon A. Hill, the director of the Missile Defense Agency said at a CSIS event March 24. “We’re doing it because of location, location, location. … It deserves to be defended.”
Most of the MDA’s money would not go directly to any one piece of kit, but toward working out an overall integrated air and missile defense architecture for the island through research, development, test, and evaluation.
“It is not simple—it is hard, hard work.” Hill said. “We’re running lots of studies right now to see which is best.”
The Army and Navy will continue to play a large role. Army plans provide Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensors (LTAMDS), the high-end PATRIOT system, and Indirect Fires Protection Capability (IFPC).
“There is no end state,” Hill told reporters at the McAleese and Associates defense conference March 15. “We’re going to deliver capability as it’s ready and we’re going to continue to build it out.”
The Navy’s Aegis system already exists, and it has been placed on land before in Poland and Romania as the so-called Aegis Ashore system. But while roughly one-third of Guam is controlled by the U.S. military, the island is a tourist attraction. China may clear islands to create militarized fortresses, but the MDA must consider Guam’s difficult Pacific island terrain and its natural beauty. Therefore, the Aegis Guam System will be tailored to the island, including the integration of new AN/TPY-6 radars as part of an effort to create a 360-degree ability to see and engage all threats to the island, a much desired but often difficult prospect in the air defense world. The plan is for Aegis to work alongside the Army’s Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System (IBCS).
“It really is combined, at the simple level, Aegis and IBCS working together on the island,” Hill said March 13. “We have a mix of launchers on the island.”
All these systems will then have to have a linked command and control network to see and shoot the right targets with the right interceptor at the right time—on architecture that will be evolving.
“It’s important to get that out there as quickly as possible while we simultaneously ascertain the best way to integrate or interoperate the several command and control systems for all of these elements,” Karako said. “That last piece, the command and control, is going to be a vexing challenge.”
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/obiekt/20230316-00341194
グアム配備イージスアショア用レーダーAN/TPY-6はSPY-7の車載移動型(JSF) - 個人 - Yahoo!ニュース
日本の極超音速兵器迎撃ミサイル「HGV対処用誘導弾」はSM-3ブロック2Aの数倍の大きさJSF3/20(月) 6:48
4-4 minutes
ロッキード・マーティン社より車載移動式Mk41垂直発射機
イージスアショアとはイージス艦に搭載されるイージスシステムを陸上施設として建設し、弾道ミサイル防衛システム(BMD)として使う防空システムです。
当初の計画ではイージスアショアは欧州に2カ所、日本に2カ所を建設する方針でしたが、日本は2020年6月15日に計画中止を発表します。しかしそれよりも前からアメリカは、新たにグアムにイージスアショアを配備する計画を立てていました。
このグアム配備イージスアショア計画は「国土防衛レーダー・グアム、Homeland Defense Radar-Guam (HDR-G) 」と命名されましたが、簡単にイージス・グアム・システム(Aegis Guam system)とも呼ばれています。そしてその使用機材は欧州や日本で計画されていたイージスアショアとは全く違う物へと変貌していきます。
グアム配備イージスアショア計画の推移
注目すべきことにグアム配備イージスアショアのレーダーはロッキード・マーティンSPY-7が選定されました。中止に終わった日本向けイージスアショア用レーダーの選定機種と同じです。アメリカ海軍の新型イージス艦用の次期新型レーダーはレイセオンSPY-6が予定されているにも拘らずです。これはアメリカ軍はSPY-6とSPY-7のシステム連接に何ら問題が無いと見ている証左となります。
そして最も大きな変更が車載移動式システムとなったことです。これは仮想敵が中国では地上固定式は生存性が低いと判断された結果です。欧州イージスアショアはイランが仮想敵(※対ロシアは想定されていなかった)、日本イージスアショアは北朝鮮が仮想敵(※対中国は想定されていなかった)だったので地上固定式でも構わなかったのです。
グアムは中国軍の弾道ミサイルと巡航ミサイルの猛攻撃を受けることが想定されています。イージス・グアム・システムはそれに耐えてアンダーセン航空基地を守り抜く、あるいは出来る限り耐えて味方機が退避する時間を稼ぎ出す役目を担うことになります。
SPYは水上艦艇用レーダー、TPYは地上車載移動式レーダーを意味します。TPY-6という番号を見るとSPY-6と関係があると勘違いしそうになりますが、グアム向けレーダーの発注先がレイセオンに変更されたという発表は無いのでSPY-6ではありません。つまりロッキード・マーティンのSPY-7を改造したものがTPY-6ということになる筈です。
SPY-7の派生型がTPY-6という大変に紛らわしい命名になるのですが、アメリカ軍が採用した地上車載移動式レーダーの番号でTPY-4(ロッキード・マーティン製)→TPY-5(ノースロップ・グラマン製)の次の順番の番号をそのまま割り当てただけのようです。
ミサイル防衛局のヒル局長はTPY-6について「レーダーの別のバージョンになる」と述べただけで、何のレーダーからどのように変更するのか説明がありませんでした。写真や図などもまだ全く発表されていないので、イージス艦用の大きなレーダーを一体どのように車載式にするのか形状などは判明していません。
ミサイル防衛局が車載移動式Mk41垂直発射機をロッキード・マーティンに発注したとある以上、これは完成したばかりのMRCタイフォンの発射機をそのまま流用するものと思われます。
MRCタイフォンはアメリカ陸軍向けの中距離攻撃兵器で、海軍用Mk41垂直発射機を車載化してトマホーク巡航ミサイルとSM-6弾道ミサイル型を発射するシステムです。このシステムから発射機だけを流用して防空用のイージス・システムに組み込みます。4連装発射機なので6両あれば24セルとなり、欧州イージスアショア1基分に相当します。
なおMRCタイフォンについてアメリカ陸軍はSMRFタイフォンと名称変更したようなのですが、製造担当のロッキード・マーティンは現在もMRCタイフォンと呼び続けています。