분사란?
접속사+S+V, S+V의 형태에서 부사절과 주절의 주어가 일치할 때, 부사절에서 접속사와 주어 생략, 동사를 분사화 시켜주는 것. 주어 일치하지 않으면 주어 남겨두는 데 이것을 독립분사구문 이라 함.
동사가 주어의 능동적 행위나 진행을 나타내면 현재분사, 주어의 수동적 행위나 완료를 나타내면 과거분사, 주절 시제와 차이가 나는 경우는 완료형 분사를 쓰죠. 수동태를 분사로 고칠 경우 being 이나 having been은 생략 할 수 있죠.
*When it was seen from a distance, it looked like an airplane.
⇒Being seen from a distance, it looked like an airplane. (접속사, S 생략)
⇒Seen from a distance, it looked like an airplane. (수동태 구문에서 being생략)
*After I had driven one whole day, I felt tired.
⇒Having driven one whole day, I felt tired.
*As I didn't know the road, I lost my way.
⇒Knowing not the road, I lost my way.
⇒Not knowing the road, I lost my way. 부정어는 항상 분사 앞!
*I did not know what to do, I stood still.
⇒I did not know what to do, standing still.
*As I live in the county, I rarely have visitors.
⇒Living in the county, I rarely have visitors.
*When I was walking along the street, I met John.
⇒Walking along the street, I met John.
(진행형으로서의 'being+doing'이라는 형태가 있어야 할 때에는 doing만을 씀)
*When his boy was injured, he faced financial difficulty.
⇒(When) his boy (being) injured, he faced financial difficulty.
⇒When his boy injured, he faced financial difficulty.
(이 경우 주어가 달라 독립분사구문으로 표시, when과 being은 생략가능하나 when은 남겨두는 것이 의미가 더 명확. 왜냐, when 대신 after, as, because등 어떤 접속사를 넣어도 의미가 통하니깐…이처럼 의미상 혼동의 가능성이 있을 때 접속사 생략하지 않음.)
※의미상 혼동 가능성이 있는 경우에는 접속사를 그대로 쓴다
*Once you have made a promise, you should keep it..
⇒Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
*Though they knew the difficulty, they undertook the work.
⇒Though knowing the difficulty, they undertook the work.
*After he had been interrupted by my visit for slightly more than an hour, he quickly returned to his computer to finish his work for the day.
⇒After (having been) interrupted by my visit for slightly more than an hour, he quickly returned to his computer to finish his work for the day. |