족궁(arch of foot)에 대한 논문 - 수련의 몫

[문형철]

ankle, foot의 dynamic stability를 완성하는데, medial longitudinal arch를 유지하는 것이 핵심이다. by 김송준

발 아치의 측정은 5가지

그중 하나 pitch angle(피치각 20도)를 외우자.

Calcaneocuboid joint and stability of the longitudinal arch.pdf

The forward prominence of the second metatarsal bone in the human foot allows the push off to be performed about two alternative axes: either (1) a transverse axis through the heads of the first and the second metatarsal bone, or (2) an oblique axis through the second to the fifth metatarsal heads, which also are in line (Fig. 3).

In a previous study of the leverage of the foot it was found that the transverse and oblique axes are used for a high and a low gear push off respectively, and that the leverage ratio averages 6:5. It was a difference in the length of the resistance arm of the foot which was found significant. The length of the force arm of the triceps surae was found to be nearly equal in the two kinds of push off (Bojsen-M0ller, 1978). Movements between the foot and the shank occur at the talocrural and subtalar joints. With the toes on the ground and the foot rising, dorsiflexion of the toes about one of the two axes at the metatarsophalangeal level is accompanied by compensatory plantar flexion in the ankle joint. Thus, with the transverse axis the compensation occurs mainly in the talocrural joint, while with the oblique axis, it also involves the subtalar joint. Because of the peculiar orientation of the axis of the subtalar joint, the shank is allowed to move in a sagittal plane despite the inversion of the foot that occurs in this latter case (Jones, 1945; Wright, Desai & Henderson, 1964; Inman & Mann, 1973; Inman, 1976). 

Movements between the forefoot and the hind foot occur at the transverse tarsal joint, which consists of the talonavicular and the calcaneocuboid joints. In these the forefoot can be pronated and supinated in relation to the hind foot as well as it can be adducted and slightly plantar flexed. The subtalar and the transverse tarsal joints are connected, however, through

the talonavicular joint and the cervical and bifurcate ligaments, so the positions of the forefoot, the hind foot and the leg are not totally independent. A plantarflexion adduction inversion of the foot is a concerted action of all the joints in which they

become loose packed and in which the stability of the foot and its arches is decreased (Elftman, 1960; Inman, 1969).

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the movements of the joints and ligaments of the mid-foot and to assess their importance for arch support and foot stability at high and low gear leverage.