6. 동명사

[APLUS]

6. 동명사

품사적 이해 : 오로지 명사

󰋎 주어                 Collecting the stamp is my hobby.     : 현대 영어에서는 가주어, 진주어 형태를 사용하지 않음.

󰋏 목적어  

  󰊱 동사의 목적어        : I like collecting the stamp.

  󰊲 전치사의 목적어      : Thank you for calling.     

󰋐 보어   

  󰊱 주격 보어            : My hobby is collecting the stamp.

  󰊲 목적격 보어          : We call such an act cheating.       

준동사

󰋎 의미상 주어     

  󰊱  That she come here was surprising.

      = For her to come here was surprising.           ( 부정사 구문 )

      = Her coming here was surprising.               ( 동명사 구문 )

  ※ 동명사의 의미상 주어가 명사일 땐 소유격이나 목적격 모두 가능, 의미상의 주어가 무생물이면 일방적으로 목적격.

      Studying English is no easy task.                        ( 의미상의 주어 생략 - 일반인 )

      He insist that he ( should ) attend the party.

       = He insist on ( upon ) attending the party.               ( his를 생략 )

  vs. He insist that Tom should attend the party.                ( 복문 )

      = He insist on ( upon ) Tom( 's ) attending the party.       ( 단문 )

󰋏 시제   

  󰊱 단순 동명사

    1.  I remember that I saw her.                  = I remember seeing her.

    2. He is proud that he is a poet.               = He is proud of being a poet.

        3. There is no hope that of his succeeding.       = There is no hope that he will succeed.

      4.  I am sure of his being a man of ability.        = I am sure that he is a man of ability. 

    󰊲 완료 동명사

      1.  I am sure of his having been a man of ability in his youth.

          = I am sure that he was a man of ability in his youth.

󰋐 태

  󰊱 능동태  I don't like asking to make a speech.

  󰊲 수동태 I don't like being asked to make a speech.

  󰊳 want, need + 능동 동명사 : 수동의 의미

    His house  needs   being painted.     ( × )

                    wants     painting.          ( ○ )

                   requires   to be painted.    ( ○ )

동명사의 관용적 표현

① There is no knowing what may happen.

② It is no use( good ) crying over spilt milk.

  = It is of no use  to cry over spilt milk.

      useless 

    = There is no use ( in )  crying over spilt milk.

    = What is the use ( the point ) of crying over spilt milk?

③ I make a point of getting up early.

   = I make it a rule to get up early.

④ It goes without saying             that health is above wealth.

   It is needless to say

   It is a matter of course

   It is not too much to say

⑤ I cannot help admiring his courage.

⑥ As soon as he received the letter he turned pale.

   = On ( his ) receiving the letter, he turned pale.

   = He had  no sooner received the letter      than     he turned pale.

             scarcely                          when

             hardly                            before

   = No sooner  had he received the letter,     than    he turned pale.

   = Scarcely                                   when

   = Hardly                                     before

⑦ We cannot be too careful when we choose friends.

   = We cannot be too careful in choosing friends.

⑧ He came near being drowned.

(9) She was busy ( in ) tidying up his desk.

󰊉󰊒 I   feel like       sleeping now.

      feel inclined to  sleep now.

        am disposed to

󰊉󰊓 What do you say to playing baseball after lunch.

󰊉󰊔 He was on the point( verge, brink, edge ) of   being drowned.

󰊉󰊕 I never meet him without thinking of his brother.

󰊉󰊖 This is worth while to read this book.

   = It is worth while to read this book.

[ 참고 ] 기냥 참고만 하삼...

① 부정사를 목적어로 취하는 동사

agree   aim     afford   appear   arrange  ask     care    choose   claim      consent                

dare    decide  decline  demand  deserve  desire   expect  fail     guarantee   happen         

hope    intend   know    learn     manage   need     offer      plan     pledge     prepare   

pretend   promise  refuse   resolve   seem    tend      struggle   swear   volunteer   wait                    

want    wish    would like

② 동명사를 목적어로 취하는 동사

acknowledge     admit   advise   anticipate         appreciate         avoid    consider  defend  defer    

delay          deny    detest   discuss          dislike           endure   enjoy    escape    excuse  

feel like         finish    go      imagine           involve           keep    mention  mind    object to 

miss           need    omit    postpone         practice          prevent   quit     recall    recollect  

recommend       regret    resent   resist            resume           risk      suggest  tolerate   understand 

③ 동사 + 목적어 = 동명사 or 부정사

attempt  begin   can/can't  bear    stand    cease   continue  forget   go on   hate    like     

love     neglect  prefer   regret   propose  remember see     start    stop    try                      

④ 동사 + 전치사 + 목적어( 명사 or 동명사 )

adapt to         adjust to         agree (with) on    apologize for     approve of       argue about      

ask about        believe in        blame for        care about       complain about    consist of 

decided on       depend on       disapprove of     discourage from   engage in        forgive for        

give up          help with          inquire about      insist on          interfere with      keep on  

look forward to    object to         participate in      persist in  plan on  prepare for       profit from        

prohibit from      put off          result from       succeed in       suffer from       talk about         

take part in       think about       warn about       work on            worry about 

⑤ be 동사 + 형용사 + 전치사 + 목적어 = 동명사

be accustomed to          be afraid of              be angry about            be ashamed of

be capable of             be certain about           be concerned with          be critical of      

be discouraged from        be enthusiastic about       be familiar with            be famous for     

be fond of               be glad about             be good at               be happy about   

be interested in            be known for              be nervous about          be perfect for     

be proud of              be responsible for           be sad about             be successful in    

be suitable for             be tired of                be tolerant of               be upset about    

be used to               be useful for              be worried about