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usually, generally, normally, typically, commonly 보통, 대게 regularly(=routinely, periodically) 규칙적으로 currently, presently 현재에 occasionally(sometimes), frequently(often) 가끔씩, 빈번하게 every/each + 시간 N 매번 |
ex1) I (drove/ will drive/ drive) to work every morning.
ex2) The system is (regularly/ warmly/ suddenly) checked for its safety.
2) 과거 : 이미 지나간 동작이나 상태(동사형+ -ed, 불규칙)
drive-drove, travel-traveled
lately = recently, previously last 시간 명사, past, in + 지나간 년도, ~ago, yesterday |
◆ 과거시제를 결정하는 부사
* in 시간명사(미래)
I will be back in two hours.
ex1) Our company (install/ installed/ has installed) a new system last week.
ex2) Mr. Robert (found/ founded) the Children center in 2002.
find-found-found 찾다
found-founded-founded 건립하다
ex3) Michael Jordan was (previously/ currently) a famous basketball player.
3) 미래 : 앞으로 일어나게 될 사건이나 자연 현상(will + R)
be ving, be going to R
Mr. Lee is coming to the office next week.
soon = shortly, tomorrow, next~, in 2020, later coming, upcoming, forthcoming |
later: 시간상 나중에
latter: 순서 후자(2개 중), 전자 former -- both, two of them
ex) Our company (install/ will install) a new system next year.
ex) Tron Automotive will (lately/ soon) relocate its factory
* 예외: 시간, 조건의 부사절에는 미래-현재
부사접속사 S V, S V
절 접속사 S V
부사접속사 - 시간, 조건, 양보, 이유(성분X, 수식)
(2) 완료 시제
1) 현재 완료(have/has + p․p) -과거+ 현재
since + 과거시점(전치사) S have/ has p.p since S + 과거V(접속사) over/in/for/during + the past(last) 2 years (기간)
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ex1) He (was/ is/ has been) a member of the board since 1998.
ex2) I have (already/ usually/ shortly) finished my project.
ex3) The company (will be/ was/ has been) the most well-known car makers in the past 4 years.
2) 과거 완료 (had + p.p) 과거 이전 시제
과거 동작, 상태 항상 2개, 전후 when, before
When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off.
S had p.p before S + 과거시제
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ex) I (review/ had reviewed/ will review) the contract before I signed it.
3) 미래완료 (will have p.p) 기준이 되는 미래 시점 까지 상태나 행위가 지속됨
by the time S + 현재 V , S will have p.p by the time S + 과거 V, S had +p.p will have v.pp by 시간 명사
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ex1 ) By the time you finish your graduate studies, I (have worked/ worked/ will have worked) for 6 years at this construction company.
ex2) By the time the book reaches store shelves in August, the author (have begun/ begin/ will have begun) writing a second volume.
4) 예외 : 시간과 조건 부사절에서는 미래 대신 현재시제를 쓴다.
ex) When the CEO will come back tomorrow morning, we will start the meeting. (X)
⇒ When the CEO comes back tomorrow morning, we will start the meeting. (O)
시간절 현재 미래
ex) Before we signed it, we had reviewed the contract.
시간절 과거 과거완료
ex) If it will rain tomorrow, the event will not be cancelled. (X)
⇒ If it rains tomorrow, the event will not be cancelled. (O)
조건절 현재 미래
(시간) when ~할 때 while ~도중에, 하면서 before/ after ~전에/~후에 until/till 까지 + S + 과거동사 , S + 과거/had v.pp as soon as + S + 현재/have/has v.pp, S + 미래/ 명령문(please) ~하자마자 since ~이래로 (조건) if 만약 ~한다면 unless ~하지 않는다면 once ~한번 하면, 한번, 한때(부사-과거) as long as/ as far as ~하는 한 in case that/ in the event that ~라는 경우에 대비하여 provided that ~(조건) 주어진다면 |
ex1) After Kim (finish/ finished/ was finished) the computer course, he got the certificate.
ex2) If you come to the party, we (were/ have been/ will be) glad.
시제 예외: 제안, 요청, 명령, 주장+ that S (Should) R N
that S (Should) be v.pp X(부사, 전치사)
suggest, recommend
ask, request, require
order, command, mandate
insist
♠ 확인문제
1. He has analyzed stock market figures (in/ since) 1991.
2. The company (generally/ lately/ respectively) requires three years of experience.
v. respect
a. respectable a. respective owner a. respectful
3. As soon as the board (make/ will make) its decision, the managers will implement the plan.
4. After you (will complete/ have completed) the survey, please mail it to our head office.
5. The meeting which (begin/ began/ will begin) 2 hours ago is scheduled to be completed.
6. Since 1999, this area of th city (became/ has become) an important commercial.
7. The company (start/ started) making cars in the USA in 1986.
연습문제
1. finished
2. announce
3. will conevene
4. went
5. will leave
6. met
7. will have appointed
8. had already gone
9. has increeased
10. has fallen
11. is preparing
12. was attending
13. will be beginning
14. was working
15. is returning
16. will be making
실전문제
1.a
2.c
3.c
4.b
5.b
6.d
7.d
8.d
9.c
10.c
11.d
12.b
13.c
14.d
15.a
16.b
17.a
18.c
19.d
20.d
21.a
22.d
23.c
24.b
25.a
26.d
27.a
28.c
29.b
30.d
31.b
32.a
33.c
34.d
35.c
36.a
37.a
38.c
39.d
40.c
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