周易 上編(주역 상편).
6.天水訟(천수송).䷅ ......4
☰ ☱ ☲ ☳ ☴ ☵ ☶ ☷
▣ 九二 不克訟 歸而逋 其邑人三百戶 无眚
구이 불극송 귀이포 기읍인삼백호 무생
[풀이]
[구2]는 송사에 질 것 같아 돌아가 숨었다.
그 읍의 사람들이 삼백호 정도면 재앙이 없을 것이다.
[해설]
먼저 공자의 주석부터 보자.
"아래의 2가 강건한 5에게 싸움을 자초하니 당연히 이길 수 없다[不克訟,불극송].
싸움을 피해 도망쳐 돌어와 삼백호 남짓한 작은 고을에[其邑人三百戶,기읍인삼백호]
숨어 몸을 의탁하였다[歸而逋竄也,귀이포찬야].
아랫사람이 윗사람에게 시비를 걸어 송사를 하는 것[自下訟上,자하송상]은
환란을 스스로 취하게 함이다[患至掇也,환지철야]."
이어 왕필의 댓글이다.
"아랫자리에서 위로 송사하면 이길 수 없다.
만약 두려움을 가지고 작은 읍에 돌아가 숨는다면 재앙은 면할 수 있다."
삼백호가 넘는 곳에 가서 숨으면, 그것은 오히려 거기서 강한 세력을 규합(웅거)하는 것이 되니,
결국에는 패하여 재앙을 면치 못했을 것이다.
정자 역시 "의리를 등지고 비굴한 자세로 대했기 때문에 환란이 다가왔다"고 하였으며,
주자 또한 "자신을 낮추고 검약해야 그 환란을 면할 것"이라 한다.
지욱은 2가 강하고 부정하매 능히 이기지 못하고 송사까지 간 것이라 선해한다.
"犯過(범과)가 이미 중하매, 어찌 능히 損(손)이 없으랴.
다만 逋逃(포도)하여 卑約(비약)한 데 처하면, 거의 재앙을 면할지라."
불법으로는 "比丘(비구)가 犯戒(범계)하매 물러가 下流(하류)에 거처하며,
소소한 懺悔(참회)로 위로 회복할진대
죄가 반드시 멸하지 않고 또 법문을 어지럽게 함이다."
여기서 동파는 "소송에 이기지 못하고 돌아가니[不克訟歸,불극송귀],
읍인 삼백호로 달아나다 [而逋其邑人三百戶,이포기읍인삼백호]"로 懸吐(현토)하여 해석을 달리했다.
"[초6]과 3은 본래 2가 취할 것이 아니라, 2가 가까이 있기에 억지로 읍인으로 삼았다.
즉 힘으로 정벌했기에 몸은 가까이 있지만 마음은 복종하지 않았다.
고로 2가 소송에 이기지 못하고 돌아오면, [초6]과 3이 2를 버리고 떠난다.
무리를 잃고 두려워할 줄 알게 되니, 오히려 조금은 편해졌다.
고로 재앙은 없다.
읍인 삼백호가 '달아났다[逋,포]'는 것은 '잃어버렸다[亡,망]'는 의미이다."
이 모두는 訟卦(송괘)가 天地否卦(천지비괘)로 간 경우다.
I Ching(The Book of Changes), First Volume.
6.天水訟(천수송).䷅ ......4
6.Heaven and Water Hexagram : Song / Conflict.
▣ Nine in the Second line : Unable to win the dispute, one flees back to hide.
If the people of that town number about htree hundred households, there will be no calamity.
[Explanation]
[Nine in the Second line] flees back to hide, realizing they cannot win the litigation.
If the people of that town consist of about three hundred households, there will be no calamity.
[Commentary]
First, let us look at Confucius's commentary :
"Since the Second line below invites a fight against the strong Fifth line,
it naturally cannot win[Cannot win the litigation- 不克訟,불극송].
"Fleeing to avoid the fight and returning to a small town of about three hundred households
[Its townspeople are three hundred households- 其邑人三百戶,기읍인삼백호],"
"One hides and takes refuge[ Fiees back and hides - 歸而逋竄也,귀이포찬야]."
"A subordinate initiating a legal dispute against a superior[ Litigating from below against
those above - 自下訟上,자하송상]" Is to bring disaster upon oneself[ Misfortune comes as
a self-inflicted result - 患至掇也,환지철야]."
Following this is Wang Bi's commentary.
"If ine from a lower position litigates against someone above, one cannot win.
If one retreats in fear and hides in a small town, one can escape calamity."
If one hides in a place with more than three hundred households,
it would instead amount to gathering a strong force to occupy the area,
ultimately leading to defeat and failure to escape calamity.
Cheng Yi also noted, "Misfortune approached because one turned away from
righteousness with a servile attitude,"
and Zhu Xi similarly ststed, "One must humble oneself and live frugally
to escape that calamity."
Zhixu interpreted that because the Second line is strong yet improper,
it could not prevail and ultimately resorted to litigation.
"Since the wrongdoing is already severe, how could there be no loss?
However, if one flees and abides in a humble and modest place,
one can nearly escape calamity."
In Buddhist teachings : 'If a bhikkhu breaks the precepts, retreats to reside among the lowly,
and seeks comfort through minor repentance, their sin will not necessarily be extinguished,
and it will only confuse the Dharma."
Here, Su Dongpo provided a different interpretation by punctuating the text as :
"Failing to win the lawsuit, one returns [不克訟歸,불극송귀],
and flees to three hundred townspeople [而逋其邑人三百戶,이포기읍인삼백호]."
"[First Six] and the Third line were not originally meant for the Second line to claim;
however, because Second was nearby, it forcibly took them as its townspeople.
That is, since they were subjugated by force, their bodies remained close,
but their hearts did not submit.
Therefore, when the Second line fails to win the lawsuit and returns,
[First Six] and the Third line abandon Second and leave.
Having lost its followers and learned fear, it ironically becomes somewhat at ease.
Therefore, there is no calamity.
That the three hundred townspeople 'fled [逋,포]' means that they were 'lost [亡,망]'."
All of this refers to the case where the Hexagram of Conflict(訟卦,송괘 -Song)
transforms into the Hexagram of Stagnation(天地否卦,천지비괘 - Pi/Heaven over Earth).