우리말에 ~적이 있다.
너 유럽 여행 한 적 있어?
소싯 적에
어릴 적에
時는 한자상고음을 찾아보면 고대에 턱 척 적이라고 불렀다.
일본어에 옛발음이 남아 있다.
일본어
とき [時·刻]
명사
1.시간, 시각.
2.(일주야의 구분인) 시, 시각.
3.(連体修飾語를 받아서) (어떤 일이 행해진, 또는 어떤 상태에 있었던) 때.
시각 (時刻)
1시간의 어느 한 시점.
2짧은 시간.
시각 (時刻)
(시간) time, hour
탘 챀 찿 찻 차스/캌 챀 찿 찻 차스
러시아어
час [차스] 刻각
1.남성명사 ((경과 시간의 단위로서)) 1시간
2.남성명사 ((시각)) …시
3.남성명사 ((시각)) 제…시
Proto-Altaic: *č`i̯āk`e
Meaning: time
Russian meaning: время
Turkic: *čiāk
Proto-Turkic: *čiāk
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 time, measure 2 precisely, exactly
Russian meaning: 1 время, пора 2 точно, впору
Old Turkic: čaq 1, 2 (late OUygh.)
Karakhanid: čaq 2 (MK)
Turkish: čaɣ 1
Tatar: čaq 1, 2
Middle Turkic: (OKypch.) čaq 'when (conj.)'
Uzbek: čɔq 1, čɔqum 'certainly'
Uighur: čaq 2
Azerbaidzhan: čaɣ 1
Turkmen: čāG 1
Khakassian: sax 2
Oyrat: čaq 1
Chuvash: čox 1
Yakut: sax 1, saɣa 'about (the time when, the size of)'
Dolgan: haga 'about (the time when, the size of)'; sagɨna 'while'
Tuva: šaq 1, 2
Kirghiz: čaq 1, 2
Kazakh: šaq 1, 2
Noghai: šaq 1, šaq-lɨ 'this much'
Bashkir: saq 1, 2
Balkar: čaq 1, čaq-lɨ 'this much'
Gagauz: čāq, čaq 'up to'
Karaim: čaɣ (K), caq (H) 1
Karakalpak: šaq 1, 2
Kumyk: čaq 1, 2
Comments: VEWT 95, Егоров 327, Лексика 67, EDT 404, ДТС 139, Федотов 2, 425, Stachowski 92-93, 208. Forms like Chag. čaɣ, Uygh. čaɣ or Tof. šaɣ 'time' are borrowed < Mong., but this cannot be assumed for most other forms quoted above.
Mongolian: *čag
Proto-Mongolian: *čag
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: time
Russian meaning: время
Written Mongolian: čaɣ (L 156)
Middle Mongolian: čax (HY 5, SH), čaq (MA)
Khalkha: cag
Buriat: sag, segēn
Kalmuck: cag
Ordos: čag
Dongxian: ča
Dagur: čag(i) (Тод. Даг. 180)
Shary-Yoghur: čeg
Monguor: čaG
Comments: KW 419, MGCD 556.
Tungus-Manchu: *čiK-
Korean: *čǝk
Proto-Korean: *čǝk
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: time
Russian meaning: время
Modern Korean: čǝk
Middle Korean: čǝk
Comments: Nam 422, KED 1423.
Japanese: *tǝ̀kì
Proto-Japanese: *tǝ̀kì
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: time
Russian meaning: время
Old Japanese: tokji
Middle Japanese: tòkì
Tokyo: tokí
Kyoto: tókì
Kagoshima: tokí
Comments: JLTT 548.
Comments: EAS 64, KW 419, Poppe 26, Martin 244, Menges 1984, 266, АПиПЯЯ 76. Jpn. tone is irregular; it may be, however, due to an influence of another root (cf. *čĕk`a, OJ toko 'always, eternally' /accent unknown/). Mong. čag may be < Turk. (see TMN 3, 27-28, Щербак 1997, 112), but may as well be genuine. The Kor. reflex is quite regular (the attested čǝk is just an orthographic variant of the expected *čjǝk), despite Doerfer's doubts in TMN ibid.