스크랩 꾸르베( Gustave Courbet, 1831-1877) / Realism으로 향한

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 Gustave
Courbet
French Realist painter & designer
born 10 June 1819 - died 31 December 1877 

Realism으로 향한 .....

The Artist's Studio
Oil on canvas, 1855
141 ^1/4 x 235 ^3/8 inches (359 x 598 cm)
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

 

 The Shaded Stream
Oil on canvas, 1865
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

The Young Ladies of the Village
Oil on canvas, 1851-1852
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan

The Peasants of Flagey Returning from the Fair, Ornans
Oil on canvas, 1850-1855
Mus? des Beaux-Arts, Besan?n

 Burial at Ornans
Oil on canvas, 1849
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

The Bathers
Oil on canvas, 1853
89 ^1/4 x 75 ^7/8 inches (227 x 193 cm)
Mus? Fabre, Montpellier

 The Hammock
Oil on canvas, 1844
Oskar Reinhart Foundation, Winterthur

Study for 'Landscape with Waterfall'
Oil on canvas, c.1877
24 x 19 ^1/2 inches (60.96 x 49.53 cm)
Public collection

 A Waterfall in the Jura
Oil on canvas, 1876
Public collection

 Chateau du Chillon
Oil on canvas, 1874
Mus? Courbet

Flowering Apple Tree Branch
Oil on canvas, 1872
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

 Landscape near Puit Noir, near Ornans
Oil on panel, c.1872
Public collection

Marine de Saint Aubin
Oil on canvas, 1872
12 ^1/2 x 15 ^1/2 inches (32 x 39.5 cm)
Private collection

Landscape: The Source among the Rocks of the Doubs
Oil on canvas, 1871
Mus? des Beaux-Arts, Besan?n

A Bay with Cliffs
Oil on canvas, c.1869
Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford

River Landscape
Oil on canvas, 1869
Public collection

 Fishing Boats on the Deauville Beach
Oil on canvas, 1866
Public collection

The Meeting
Oil on canvas, 1854
Mus? Fabre, Montpellier

Cliffs near Ornans
Oil on canvas, c.1865
Public collection

 La Ruisseau de la Breme
Oil on canvas, 1865
Mus? des Beaux-Arts, Besan?n

 Le Chateau de Thoraise
Oil on canvas, c.1865
25 ^7/8 x 34 inches (66 x 86.4 cm)
Private collection

 Portrait of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Oil on canvas, 1865
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

 Rocky Seashore
Oil on canvas, c.1865
Musee d'Art et d'Histoire, Geneva

 The Beach at Trouville at Low Tide
Oil on canvas, 1865
Public collection

Crumbling Rocks
Oil on canvas, 1864
Mus? Max Claudet

 Landscape: Bald Rock in the Valley of Ornans
Oil on canvas, 1864
Public collection

 The Lady of Frankfurt
Oil on canvas, 1858
Wallraf-Richartz Museum , K?n

Study for Les Demoiselles des bords de la Seine (?? [Girls on the banks of the Seine (Summer)]
Oil on canvas, 1856
25 ^3/8 x 31 ^7/8 inches (64.6 x 81.2 cm)
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra 

Peasant Wearing Madras
Oil on canvas, c.1848
Public collection  

A Thicket of Deer at the Stream of Plaisir-Fountaine
Oil on canvas
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

 Ch?eau de Chillon
Oil on canvas
Private collection

 Deux Chevre Uils Dans la For? [Two Goats in the Forest]
Oil on canvas
Private collection

 Landscape with Stag
Oil on canvas
Private collection

 Portrait of Jo, the Beautiful Irish Girl
Oil on canvas, 1865
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan

 The Girl with the Seagulls, Trouville
Oil on canvas, 1865
Private collection

 Basket of Flowers
Oil on canvas, 1863
Kunsthalle, Bremen

 Portrait of Gabrielle Borreau
Oil on paper mounted on canvas, 1862
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago

 The Trellis
Oil on canvas, 1862
Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo

 The Fox in the Snow
Oil on canvas, 1860
Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas

 The Young Ladies on the Banks of the Seine
Oil on canvas, 1856-1857
Mus? du Petit Palais, Paris

 The Sleeping Spinner
Oil on canvas, 1853
Mus? Fabre, Montpellier

 Wounded Man
Oil on canvas, 1844-1845
?terreichische Galerie, Vienna

 Paysage Guyere
Oil on canvas, c.1874-1876
18 ^1/4 x 21 ^5/8 inches (46.5 x 55 cm)
Private collection

 The Cliff at Etretat After the Storm
Oil on canvas, 1869-1870
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

 The Stormy Sea
Oil on canvas, 1869
46 x 63 ^1/8 inches (117 x 160.5 cm)
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

 Lisiere de foret
Oil on canvas, 1865
33 ^1/2 x 41 ^3/4 inches (85.1 x 106.1 cm)
Private collection

 Portrait of P.J. Proudhon in 1853
Oil on canvas, 1865
Mus? du Petit Palais, Paris

 The Woman in a Podoscaphe
Oil on canvas, 1865
Murauchi Art Museum, Tokyo

 The Quarry
Oil on canvas, 1857
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

 M?e Gr?oire [Mother Gr?oire]
Oil on canvas, 1855
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago

 Self Portrait
Oil on canvas, 1848-1849
Mus? Fabre, Montpellier

 

 Self Portrait
Oil on canvas, 1842
Mus? du Petit Palais, Paris

 Marine
Oil on canvas, 1865-1866
Norton Simon Museum of Art, Pasadena

Portrait of Juliette Courbet as a Sleeping Child
Graphite on paper, 1841
Mus? d뭀rsay, Paris

Dressing the Dead Girl
Oil on canvas, c.1855
Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton

 The Houses of the Chateau d'Ornans
Oil on canvas, c.1853
Private collection

 The Wrestlers
Oil on canvas, 1852-1853
Sz?m??zeti Museum, Budapest 

 The Cellist, Self Portrait
Oil on canvas, 1847
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm
 

 Hollyhocks In A Copper Bowl
Oil on canvas, 1872
23 ^1/2 x 19 ^1/4 inches (60 x 49 cm)
Private collection

 Marine De Saint-Aubin
Oil on canvas, 1872
12 ^1/2 x 15 ^1/2 inches (32 x 39.5 cm)
Private collection

 Head Of A Woman With Flowers
Oil on canvas, 1871
21 ^3/4 x 18 ^1/8 inches (55.3 x 46.3 cm)
Private collection

  Still Life: Fruit
Oil on canvas, c.1871-1872
23 ^1/8 x 28 ^1/4 inches (59 x 72 cm)
Private collection

 Bouquet of Flowers in a Vase
Oil on canvas, 1862
Private collection

 A Family of Deer in a Landscape with a Waterfall
Oil on canvas
32 x 23 ^1/2 inches (81.5 x 60 cm)
Private collection

 Bouquet de Fleurs
Oil on canvas
Public collection

 

 La Ferme De Bonnevaux
Oil on canvas
20 x 24 inches (50.8 x 61 cm)
Private collection

 La F?et En Automne [Forest in Autumn]
Oil on canvas
14 ^7/8 x 21 ^1/4 inches (38 x 54 cm)
Private collection

 La Petite Bergere [The Young Shepherdess]
Oil on canvas
Private collection

 La Vague [The Wave]
Oil on canvas
44 ^1/2 x 57 ^1/8 inches (113.3 x 145.1 cm)
Private collection

 Le Glacier
Oil on canvas
10 ^5/8 x 16 ^1/4 inches (27.3 x 41.3 cm)
Private collection

 Les Doubs A La Maison-Monsieur
Oil on canvas
19 ^5/8 x 24 inches (50 x 61 cm)
Public collection

 Marine
Oil on canvas
15 x 21 ^5/8 inches (38.1 x 55 cm)
Private collection

 Marine A Etretat
Oil on canvas
17 ^1/8 x 25 ^5/8 inches (43.8 x 65.1 cm)
Private collection

 Marine--Les Equilleurs
Oil on canvas
17 ^7/8 x 25 ^1/4 inches (45.7 x 64.2 cm)
Private collection

 Marine--Les Equilleurs
Oil on canvas
17 ^7/8 x 25 ^1/4 inches (45.7 x 64.2 cm)
Private collection

Sunset on Lake Leman
Oil on canvas, 1874
Mus? Jenisch 

     Mozart,  피아노 협주곡, NO.20 in D Minor K 466   Daniel Barenboim, Piano     I Allegro      쿠르베 (프랑스 화가, Courbet, Gustave) 프랑스의 화가, 사실주의 운동의 선도자 쿠르베는 당대의 낭만주의 회화에 반발하여 일상적인 사건들을 그림의 주제로 택했다. 인물들을 빽빽이 그려넣은 어두운 배경의 대작 〈화가의 작업실 The Artist's Studio〉(1855)은 당시 미술계로부터 혹독한 비판을 받았다. 1860년대부터 그의 작품들은 좀더 감각적이고 다채로워졌다. 그의 작품은 그뒤의 여러 근대 미술운동에 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 그는 후세대의 화가들에게 새로운 기법보다는 완전히 새로운 예술관을 제공했다. 즉 그림의 목적은 예전의 유파들이 주장해왔듯이 현실을 아름답게 꾸미거나 이상화하는 것이 아니라 그것을 정확하게 모사하는 것이라는 점이다. 쿠르베는 회화에서 상투적인 수법과 인위적인 이상주의, 낡은 양식들을 없애버렸다.
 

사실주의(寫實主義, realism, 리얼리즘)

사실주의는 상상력에 따른 이상화(理想化)를 거부하고 밖으로 드러난 겉모습을 자세히 관찰한다.  넓은 의미의 사실주의는 여러 문화의 다양한 예술적 경향으로 이루어져 있다. 예를 들어 미술에서는, 검투사와 노파의 모습을 세밀하게 묘사한 고대 그리스 조각에서 사실주의를 찾아볼 수 있다. 카라바조, 네덜란드의 풍속화가들, 호세 데 리베라와 디에고 벨라스케스 및 프란시스코 데 수르바란 같은 스페인의 화가들, 프랑스의 르냉 형제 등을 비롯한 17세기 화가들의 작품은 그 접근 방식이 사실주의적이다. 18세기 영국의 소설가 다니엘 디포, 헨리 필딩 및 토바이어스 스몰릿 등의 작품도 사실주의적이라고 말할 수 있다.                                                                                                             Daum 백과사전 요약