동사 원형, 과거형, 과거분사형

[natchan]

가끔은 헷갈릴 때가 많잖아요^^;;

저만 그런가요? ㅎㅎ

네이버 지식검색에서 퍼왔어요~.

원형 과거형 과거분사형

A - A - A 형

cost cost cost                                      비용이 들다

cut cut cut                                         자르다. 베다

hit hit hit                                           치다. 때리다

hurt hurt hurt                                       상처를 입히다

let let let                                           시키다

put put put                                         놓다. 두다

set set set                                          놓다. 일몰하다

shut shut shut                                       닫다

read [ri:d] read [red] read [red]                     읽다


A - B - A 형

become became become                            --이 되다

come came come                                   오다, (상대방 쪽으로)가다

run ran run                                          뛰다. 달리다


A - B - B 형

bring brought brought                                가져오다, 데리고 오다

build built built                                       짓다.

buy bought bought                                   사다, 사주다

catch caught caught                                 잡다, 쥐다

feed fed [fed] fed                                   먹이를 주다

feel felt felt                                          느끼다

fight fought fought                                   싸우다

find found found                                     찾다
hear heard heard                                    듣다

hold held held                                       손에 들다, 쥐다

keep kept kept                                       지키다. 보유하다

lead led led                                            인도하다. 이끌다

leave left left                                           떠나다. 남기다

lend lent lent                                           빌려주다

lose lost lost                                           잃다, 지다

make made made                                      만들다

mean meant [ment] meant                             의미하다

meet met met                                          만나다

pay paid paid                                          지불하다

say said said                                           말하다

shine shone shone                                      빛나다

sell sold sold                                           팔다

shoot shot shot                                         쏘다

sit sat sat                                               앉다

sleep slept slept                                         자다

spend spent spent                                       소비하다, (시간)보내다

understand understood understood                       이해하다

stand stood stood                                       일어서다

strike struck struck                                       치다

teach taught taught                                      가르치다

tell told told                                             말하다

think thought thought                                    생각하다

win won won                                            이기다. (상을)타다


A - B - C 형

be (am, is) was been                                   ∼이다,∼있다,∼이 되다

(are) were ↗

bear bore born                                         ∼을 낳다

begin began begun                                     시작하다

bite [bait] bit [bit] bit, bitten                          물다

blow blew blown                                       불다

break broke broken                                    부수다

choose chose chosen                                 선택하다

do [does] did done                                   하다

draw drew drawn                                      (그림)그리다. 당기다

drink drank drunk                                       마시다

drive drove driven                                      운전하다

eat ate eaten                                           먹다

fall fell fallen                                           떨어지다

fly flew flown                                           날다, 날아가다

forget forgot forgot, forgotten                           잊다

freeze froze frozen                                      얼다

get got got, gotten.                                     얻다.

give gave given                                         주다

go went gone                                           가다

grow grew grown           (vi) 자라다. 성장하다 (vt.) (식물)재배하다 . (동물) 사육하다

hide hid hidden                                        숨기다

know knew known                                      알다

ride rode ridden                                        (탈것에)타다

ring rang rung                                          (종이) 울리다

rise rose risen                                          오르다, 일출하다

see saw seen                                          보다

shake shook shaken                                    흔들다. (명)진동

show showed shown                                   보여주다, 보이다

sing sang sung                                        노래하다

speak spoke spoken                                   말하다

steal stole stolen                                         훔치다

swim swam swum                                        수영하다

take took taken                  잡다. 가지다. (주는 것을)받다. (대가)얻다. (차를)타다.

throw threw thrown                                       던지다

wear wore worn                                          입고 있다

write wrote written                                        쓰다



* 뜻에 따라 활용이 달라지는 단어 *


hang → hung hung                                      매달(리)다. 걸(리)다

↘ hanged hanged                                       교수형에 처하다


lie → lied lied                                            거짓말하다

↘ lay lain (vi)                                            눕다


* 활용을 혼동하기 쉬운 단어 *


find found found                                          찾다

found founded founded                                   창설하다 , 기초를 세우다

lie lied lied                                               거짓말하다

lie lay lain                                                (vi)눕다
lay laid laid                                               (vt) 눕히다.(알을)낳다


wind wound wound                                        감다

[waind] [waund] [waund]

wound wounded wounded                                 상처를 입히다

[wu:nd] [wu:ndid] [wu:ndid]


불규칙 동사는 꼭 암기.


다음은 규칙동사에서 주의할 사항.

[단모음+단자음]으로 끝나는 2음절어에서 강세가 제2음절에 있을 때는 자음을 겹쳐 쓰고 ed를 붙인다.

omit omitted omitted                                  생략하다

A
arise - arose - arisen
awake - awoke(awakened) - awoken

생겨나다, 일어나다, 나타나다; (…에) 기인하다
깨어나다, 일어나다, 눈 뜨다


B
be(is, am, are) - was(were) been
bear - bore - born(borne)
beat - beat - beat(beaten)
become - became - become
befall - befell - befallen

begin - began - begun
behold - beheld - beheld
bend - bent - bent
bet - bet(betted) - bet(betted)
bid - bid - bid

bind - bound - bound
bite - bit - bitten
bleed - bled - bled
blow - blew - blown
break - broke - broken

breed - bred - bred
bring - brought - brought
broadcast - broadcast - broadcast
browbeat - browbeat - browbeat
build - built - built

burn - burnt(burned) - burnt(burned)
burst - burst - burst
bust - busted(bust) - busted(bust)
buy - bought - bought


이다, 있다
참다, 낳다, 나르다, 몸에 지니다
치다, 때리다
~가 되다, 어울리다
(일이)일어나다, 발생하다, 생기다

시작하다
주시하다, 보다
구부리다
치다
값을 매기다, 명령하다

묶다, 매다
물다
피 흘리다
불다, 폭파하다
깨다, 어기다

키우다
가져오다, 야기하다
방송하다
위협하다, 위협해서 ~을 못하게 하다
짖다, 건설하다

태우다
터트리다
파산, 파멸하다(시키다), 망치다
사다

C
cast - cast - cast
catch - caught - caught
choose - chose - chosen
cling - clung - clung
come - came - come

cost - cost - cost
creep - crept - crept
cut - cut - cut

던지다
잡다
고르다, 선택하다
들러붙다, 집착하다
오다

비용이 들게 하다
기어가다
자르다, 삭감하다

D
deal - dealt - dealt
dig - dug - dug
dive - dived(dove) - dived
do - did - done
draw - drew - drawn

dream - dreamt(dreamed) - dreamt(dreamed)
drink - drank - drunk
drive - drove - driven
dwell - dwelt(dwelled) - dwelt(dwelled)


다루다, 거래하다
파다
다이빙, 잠수, 돌진하다
하다
당기다, 그리다, 끌다, 인출하다

꿈꾸다
마시다
운전하다, 추진하다, 물아 붙이다
거주하다

E
eat - ate - eaten

먹다

F
fall - fell - fallen
feed - fed - fed
feel - felt - felt
fight - fought - fought
find - found - found

fit - fit - fit / fit - fit(fitted) - fit(fitted)
flee - fled - fled
fling - flung - flung
fly - flew - flown
forbid - forbade - forbidden
forecast - forecast - forecast
forego(forgo) - forewent - foregone
foresee - foresaw - foreseen
foretell - foretold - foretold
forget - forgot - forgotten

forgive - forgave - forgiven
forsake - forsook - forsaken
freeze - froze - frozen


떨어지다, 몰락하다, 하락하다
먹이다
느끼다
싸우다
찾다, 알다

적합하다, 어울리다, 맞다
도망치다
내 던지다
날다
금지하다

예상, 예보, 예고하다
선행하다, 앞서다
예견, 예측하다
예언, 예고, 예보하다
잊다

용서하다
저 버리다, 떠나다
얼리다

G
get - got - got(gotten)
give - gave - given
go - went - gone
grind - ground - ground
grow - grew - grown

갖다, 얻다, 취하다
주다
가다
갈다
자라다, 키우다

H
hang - hung - hung / hang - hanged - hanged
have - had - had
hear - heard - heard
hide - hid - hidden
hit - hit - hit
hold - held - held
hurt - hurt - hurt

매달다, 걸다 / 목 매달아 죽이다
갖다
듣다
숨기다
치다, 때리다, 히트하다
잡다, 지탱, 유지, 개최하다
부상 입히다

I
input - input - input
inset - inset - inset
interbreed - interbred - interbred
interweave - interwove - interwoven

입력하다
끼워넣다, 꽂아넣다
잡종을 만들다, 이종교배 시키다
섞어짜다

K
keep - kept - kept
kneel - knelt(kneeled) - knelt(kneeled)
knit - knit(knitted) - knit(knitted)
know - knew - known

유지하다, 키우다
무뤂 꿇다
짜다

알다

L
lay - laid - laid
lead - led - led
lean - leaned(leant) - leaned(leant)
leap - leapt(leaped) - leapt(leaped)
learn - learned(learnt) - learned(learnt)

leave - left - left
lend - lent - lent
let - let - let
lie - lay - lain
light - lit(lighted) - lit(lighted)
lose - lost - lost

놓다, 낳다, 눕히다
이끌다, 지도하다
배우다
뛰다, 도약하다
배우다

떠나다, 남겨두다, 물려주다
빌려주다
놓다, 시키다
눕다, 드러눕다, 놓여 있다
밝히다
잃다

M
make - made - made
mean - meant - meant
meet - met - met
mishear - misheard - misheard
mislay - mislaid - mislaid

mislead - misled - misled
misread - misread - misread
misspell - misspelled(misspelt) - misspelled(misspelt)
mistake - mistook - mistaken
misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood
mow - mowed - mowed(mow)

만들다
의미하다
만나다
잘못 듣다
잘못 두다, 두고 잊어버리다
잘못 인도하다

잘못 읽다, 오해하다
철자를 잘못 쓰다
실수하다, 잘못 알다
오해하다
잔디를 깎다

O
outbid - outbid - outbid
outdo - outdid - outdone
outgrow - outgrew - outgrown
outrun - outran - outrun
outsell - outsold - outsold

overcast - overcast - overcast
overcome - overcame - overcome
overdo - overdid - overdone
overdraw - overdrew - overdrawn
overeat - overate - overeaten

overhang - overhung - overhung
overhear - overheard - overheard
overlay - overlaid - overlaid
overlie - overlay - overlain
overpay - overpaid - overpaid

override - overrode - overridden
overrun - overran - overrun
oversee - oversaw - overseen
oversell - oversold - oversold
overshoot - overshot - overshot

oversleep - overslept - overslept
overtake - overtook - overtaken
overthrow - overthrew - overthrown


더 싼 값을 매기다, 더 비싸게 팔다
더 잘하다, 능가하다
더 자라다, 너무 성장하다
앞지르다, 상회하다, 능가하다
보다 많이, 더 나은 값으로 팔다

침울하게, 어둡게 하다
극복하다
지나치게 하다, 과하게 하다
너무 당기다, 과장 묘사하다, 초과 인출하다
과식하다

돌출하다, 위에 걸리다, 임박하다
건너 듣다, 우연히 듣다
위에 놓다, 씌우다, 덧칠하다
위에 놓이다, 위에 눕다
초과 지급하다

위에 타다, 압도하다
침략하다, 괴멸시키다, 들끓다
감독하다, 우연히 보다
너무 팔다
빗나가게 쏘다, 빗나가다, 지나쳐가다

너무 자다
따라 잡다, 만회하다
굴복시키다, 전복하다, 뒤엎다

P
partake - partook - partaken
pay - paid - paid
plead - pled(pleaded) - pled(pleaded)
preset - preset - preset
proofread - proofread - proofread
prove - proved - proven(proved)
put - put - put


참가하다
지불하다, 갚다
청원하다
미리 조정하다
교정하다
증명, 검증하다
놓다

Q
quit - quit(quitted) - quit(quitted)


중단하다

R
read - read - read
rebind - rebound - rebound
rebuild - rebuilt - rebuilt
recast - recast - recast
redo - redid - redone

relay - relaid - relaid
remake - remade - remade
repay - repaid - repaid
rerun - reran - rerun
resell - resold - resold

reset - reset - reset
rethink - rethought - rethought
rewind - rewound - rewound
rewrite - rewrote - rewritten
rid - rid - rid

ride - rode - ridden
ring - rang - rung
rise - rose - risen
run - ran - run


읽다
다시 묶다
재건하다
다시 방송하다
다시 하다

다시 놓다, 다시 칠하다, 중계하다
다시 만들다
다시 지불하다
재상영하다
사서 다시 팔다, 전매하다

다시 놓다, 다시 짜다
재고하다, 다시 생각하다
다시 감다
다시 쓰다
재거하다

타다, 태워다주다
종을 울리다
상승, 증가, 떠오르다
뛰다, 달리다

S
say - said - said
see - saw - seen
seek - sought - sought
sell - sold - sold
send - sent - sent

set - set - set
sew - sewed - sewn(sewed)
shake - shook - shaken
shear - sheared - shorn(sheared)
shed - shed - shed

shine - shined(shone) - shined(shone)
shit - shit(shat) - shit(shat)
shoot - shot - shot
show - showed - shown(showed)
shrink - shrank(shrunk) - shrunk

shut - shut - shut
sing - sang - sung
sit - sat - sat
slay - slew - slain
sleep - slept - slept

slide - slid - slid
sling - slung - slung
slit - slit - slit
smell - smelled(smelt) - smelled(smelt)
speak - spoke - spoken

speed - sped(speeded) - sped(speeded)
spell - spelled(spelt) - spelled(spelt)
spend - spent - spent
spin - spun - spun
spit - spit(spat) - spit(spat)

spill - split - split
spoil - spoiled(spoilt) - spoiled(spoilt)
spoon-feed - spoon-fed - spoon-fed
spread - spread - spread
spring - sprang(sprung) - sprung

stand - stood - stood
steal - stole - stolen
stick - stuck - stuck
sting - stung - stung
stink - stank(stunk) - stunk
strew - strewed - strewn(strewed)

stride - strode - stridden
strive - strove - striven
strike - struck - struck(stricken)
string - strung - strung
swear - swore - sworn
sweep - swept - swept

swell - swelled - swollen(swelled)
swim - swam - swum
swing - swung - swung


말하다
보다
추구하다
팔다
보내다

놀다, 정하다
바느질하다
흔들다
자르다, 깎다
흘리다, 튀기다

빛나다, 비치다
대변을 보다
쏘다, 촬영하다
보여주다
오므라들다, 줄다

닫다
노래하다
앉다
도살하다
자다

미끄러지다
내던지다, 투석기로 쏘다
잘라내다, 개봉하다, 째다
냄새를 내다
말하다

속도를 내다
철자를 쓰다, 마술을 걸다
쓰다, 소비하다
짜다, 잦다
침 뱉다

엎지르다, 쏟다
망치다
수저로 먹이다, 과잉보호하다
확산되다, 퍼지다
솟아나다, 튀어 오르다

서다, 주장하다, 참다
훔치다
들러붙다, 딱딱하게 하다
찌르다, 쏘다, 자극하다
냄새가 나다, 악취가 진동하다
흩뿌리다, 유포하다

활보하다
분투하다, 애쓰다
치다, 파업하다
줄을 묶다
맹세하다, 서약하다
싹 쓸다

부풀다, 붇다
수영하다
흔들리다, 그네 타다

T
take - took - taken
teach - taught - taught
tear - tore - torn
tell - told - told
think - thought - thought
throw - threw - thrown
thrust - thrust - thrust
tread - trod - trodden(trod)


취하다, 갖다, 가져가다
가르치다
눈물을 흘리다, 찢다
말하다
생각하다
던지다
밀치다, 쑤셔 넣다, 강요하다
터벅터벅 걷다

U
unbind - unbound - unbound
underlie - underlay - underlain
understand - understood - understood
undertake - undertook - undertaken

underwrite - underwrote - underwritten
undo - undid - undone
unwind - unwound - unwound
uphold - upheld - upheld
upset - upset - upset
풀다,
아래 두다
이해하다
떠맡다

아래 쓰다, 서명하다
원상태로 돌리다
풀다
올리다, 들다, 떠받치다
쥐엎다, 전복시키다, 어지럽히다

W
wake - woke(waked) - woken(waked)
wear - wore - worn
weave - wove - woven
wed - wed(wedded) - wed(wedded)
weep - wept - wept
wet - wet(wetted) - wet(wetted)

win - won - won
wind - wound - wound
withdraw - withdrew - withdrawn
wring - wrung - wrung
write - wrote - written


일어나다, 깨어나다
입다, 닳다
짜다, 엮다, 역어 내다
결혼하다
울다
젖다

이기다
감다
철수, 철회하다
비틀다, 비틀어 때다
쓰다



불규칙 동사의 규칙


AAA형
burst, cast, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read, set, shed, shut, spilt, spread, thrust


ABC형
begin, drink, swim, sing (sang-sung),
bear, wear, tear, swear (bear - bore born)
rise, write, drive, strive (strove-striven),
bite, hide (bite - bit - bitten)
sow, show (show - showed-shown),
choose-chose-chosen
fall-fell-fallen,
freeze, weave (freeze - froze - frozen)
tread-trod - trodden
blow, fly(flew-flown)
shave, swell(swelled-swollen)
shake, take, mistake (shake - shook-shaken)


ABB형
bring, buy, fight, think (brought - brought)
sell, tell (sold - sold)
bleed, feed, speed, ( bled - bled)
build, rebuild (built - built)
lay, pay, say (laid - laid)
keep, sleep, weep, (kept - kept)
catch, teach. (caught - caught)
wind, find, bind (wound - wound)
spend, send, lend, bend (spent - spent)
hear, (heard - heard)
hold, (held - held)
leave, lose, mean, welcome, win, shine(shone, shined), fly(fled), sit




과거형 만들기
A. - stop[beg, drop, nod, stir, slur, fur =단모음+단자음] +자음추가+ed
B. - occur[admit, omit, defer, prefer, deter...= 2음절어 뒷 강세] + 자음추가ed = occurred
cf. enter[offer, visit..= 2음절어 앞 강세] +ed = entered
C. - picnic[mimic, traffic..] -- ic[ik] + ked = picnicked



혼동스런 동사


awake - awoke - awoken
awaken - awakened - awakened

깨우다, 일어나다, 자각하다
자각하다, 깨다, 자각하다, 일어나다

arise - arose - arisen
arouse - aroused - aroused

생겨나다, 발생하다
깨우다, 자극하다

bind - bound - bound
bound - bounded - bounded

묶다, 매다
튀다
fall - fell - fallen
fell - felled - felled

떨어지다
배어 쓰러뜨리다

find - found - found
found - founded - founded
찾다, 알다, 발견하다
설립하다

fly - flew - flown
flee - fled - fled

날다
도망치다

hang - hung - hung
hang - hanged - hanged

걸다, 매달다
목매달아 죽이다

lie - lied - lied
lie- lay - lain
lay - laid - laid
거짓말~,
눕다, 놓여있다,
눕히다, 놓다, 낳다


rise - rose - risen
raise- raised - raised

떠오르다, 상승하다
올리다, 인상~,승진시키다

sit - sat - sat
seat - seated - seated

앉다,
앉히다,

wake - woke - woken
waken - wakened - wakened

깨우다, 깨다, 일어나다
깨우다, 깨다, 일어나다

wind - winded - winded
wind - wound - wound
wound - wounded - wounded

바람 불다
감다, 꼬불꼬불하다
부상 입다

과거분사가 두 가지인 것들


burn - burned / burnt,
dream - dreamed / dreamt,
light - lighted / lit,
shine - shined / shone,
hang - hung / hanged,
work - worked / wrought
bear - born / borne

[Jay]

옷.. 좋은 정보 감사 드려요^^

[누나sBoy]

there are some stuff that i was never thaught in school.... i think 1 of them i saw is just plain "BULL"