- 대서양민청어 Menhaden, Atlantic
. 학명; Brevoortia tyrannus
. 서식지; 서북대서양의 노바스코샤에서 플로리다까지 해안과 강어귀
. 통명; 대서양민청어
. 특징; 은빛의 깊고 압축된 몸과 아가미뒤 어깨의 2-3개 검은 반점
. 먹이와 요리법; 절이거나 말려서, 굽거나 찌게로 섭취
1 학명과 서식지
- 학명; Brevoortia tyrannus
- 서식지
. 온도와 깊이; 얕고 시원한 물에 떼로 서식하며 겨울에는 깊은 곳으로 이동
. 지역; 서북대서양의 노바스코샤에서 플로리다까지 해안과 강어귀
This species occurs in the western Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia to the Indian River in southern Florida. In the northern regions, it is primarily known as bunker.
Habitat. Atlantic menhaden inhabit inland tidal areas of brackish water and coastal saltwater. They migrate in and out of bays and inlets and are found inshore in summer. Some populations move into deeper water in the winter.
2 통명
- 영어; pogy, bunker, bughead, bugfish, fatback, menhaden, mossbunker;
Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Polish, Swedish: menhaden; French: menhaden tyran; Spanish: lacha tirana.
- 한글; 대서양민청어
3 개요
- 길이; 40센티이내,
The Atlantic menhaden can reach a length of 11⁄2 feet.
4 특징
- 은빛의 깊고 압축된 몸과 아가미뒤 어깨의 2-3개 검은 반점
- 뼈가 있는 큰 머리와 큰입, 지방이 많은 눈꺼플
- 높은 수온은 부화에 불리하여 주로 겨울에 산란
- 알은 부화하여 해류를 따라 강어귀로 이동하고 1년후 바다로 복귀
- 3년차부터 4만개에서 40만개를 매년 산란
- 등은 진청색이고 옆은 불그스름하거나 놋쇠빛을 띰
A member of the herring family, the Atlantic menhaden is a hugely important commercial species; greater numbers of this fish are taken each year by commercial fishermen than of any other fish in the United States. Excessive fishing, however, has caused population declines.
Identification. The Atlantic menhaden has a deep and compressed body, a big bony head, and a large mouth, with a lower jaw that fits into a notch in the upper jaw. It also has adipose eyelids, which make it appear sleepy. It has a dark blue back, silvery sides with an occasional reddish or brassy tint, pale yellow fins edged in black, a dark patch on the shoulder, and two or three scattered rows of smaller spots.
5 먹이와 요리법
- 먹이; 아가미를 통해 치어는 식물성, 성어는 동물성 플랑크톤을 여과하여 섭취
- 연안에서 연중산란하며 늦가을 노스캐롤라이나 인근이 가장 빈번
- 건착망이나 낚시로 포획하며 남획되어 쿼터제 시행
- 기름이 많아 원주민과 청교도는 비료로 활용했고 19세기에 미끼나 미국 빈민들의 음식으로 사용
- 좋은 오일성분으로 심장건강을 위해 주2회 섭취권장
- 절이거나 말려서, 굽거나 찌게로 섭취
Atlantic menhaden form large and very compact schools, consisting of both young and adult fish; this makes them vulnerable to commercial fishermen, some of whom use spotter planes to locate the schools and direct commercial vessels to the fish, which are then encircled. Menhaden have distinct seasonal migrations—northward in April and May and southward in the early fall. Spawning occurs year-round, although not in the same locations at the same time. For example, because high water temperatures are detrimental to breeding, the peak spawning season off the southern coast of the United States is October through March. Egg estimates for each female run in the tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. They are free floating and hatch at sea. Once hatched, the offspring are carried into estuaries and bays, which serve as sheltered nursery areas in which young Atlantic menhaden spend their first year. The fish mature between their first and third years.
Food and feeding habits. Using long filaments on their gills, Atlantic menhaden filter zooplankton and other small plants and animals out of the water.