Absolute Phrases 절대구 (or the nominative absolute 독립명사구)
Absolute Phrases 를 직역하면 절대구요 의역하면 독립명사구다
독립적으로 쓰인 명사구로써 문장전체 수식인 부사역할하는 명사구이나
한국에서는 명사구라하지 않고 독립분사구라는 오타인지 오칭인지로 쓰이는데
분사구가 독립적으로 명사와 떨어져 쓰이면 분사구/분사구문이라 하지만
명사 뒤에 들어가 명사를 수식하면 명사구 일부가 되니
이를 분사구라 하면 너무나도 황당한 명칭이 된다
동격 명사구와 독립명사구(독립분사구문) 대비비교
아래 문장에 쓰인 동격구는 동격 명사구라 하면서도
The Trocmés lived in Le Chambon in Vichy France,
a part of France not occupied by the Nazis, but run by the collaborationist French Vichy government.
요건 독립명사구가 아닌 독립분사구문이라 명명하는 유학자님들의 유식이 의심스럽다
* His fame and fortune /virtually guaranteed by his exploits,
Lewis disappointed the entire world by inexplicably failing to publish his journals.
a part of France /not occupied by the Nazis 구조와
명사구 분사구
His fame and fortune /virtually guaranteed by his exploits,
명사구 분사구
구조가 어찌 다르기에 다른 명칭이랴?
단지 역할상
동격구는 앞 명사 수식이니 형역
독립명사구는 문장전체 수식이니 부역일 따름이다
An absolute phrase is a noun phrase that includes a postnoun modifier (usually an –en or –ing participle or a participial phrase.
The absolute phrase introduces an idea related to the sentence as a whole, not to any one of its parts.
The weather /being warm, we shed our coats.
The equipment /loaded in our canoes, we pushed off for another day’s adventure.
Absolute Phrase ; is a structure independent from the main sentence, a noun phrase, introduces an idea related to the sentence as a whole, not to any one of its parts.
Head
noun + present or past participle/ prepositional phrase/infinitive
phrase/noun phrase/adjective phrase, modifying the whole sentence
Our car /having developed engine trouble, we stopped for the night at a roadside rest area.
The weather /being warm and clear, we decided to have a picnic.
Victory /assured, the fan stood and cheered during the last five minutes of the game.
절대구는 문장전체 수식인 부사역할이기에 종속절로 바꿀 수 있다 원인이나 조건절로
절대구는 한마디로 많은 뜻을 내포할 수 있다
When/since/because our car developed engine trouble, we stopped.
The officer called in a description of the vehicle, and in minutes a police car was on the scene, =lights flashing=.
Absolute phrases modify absolutely everything.
Unlike other modifiers, absolute phrases do not modify a particular word in a sentence;
rather, they modify the entire sentence—setting
the scene or background overall, so to speak. An absolute phrase
typically consists of a noun (or pronoun) and a participle (see
“Participial phrases,” above): umbrellas tossing in the wind, his hopes
dashed at last. In the following examples, notice that the absolute
phrases cannot logically be said to modify any particular word of the
main clause:
Umbrellas /tossing in the wind, the students at the bus stop huddled under the scant shelter of the elms.
Rodrigo unhappily /prepared to vacate and sell his dream home, his hopes for a reconciliation dashed at last.
Like appositives, absolute phrases are set off from the rest of the sentence by commas.
독립적으로 쓰였으니 당근 주절에 소속되지 않기에 콤마로 분리한다
Other passengers slid /down the inflatable emergency chutes, some /running when they touched the ground and others /walking away.
Meghan nodded solemnly, eyes /glistening with held-back tears.
The photo included the image of a tiny girl, her eyes /wide with confusion and fear.
I lay awake, eyes /staring at the ceiling, mind /racing with fearful thoughts.
If my Bible sits /on my shelf, pages /closed, dust /gathering, it’s like a caged lion.
But when I open it up and read it, soaking in its truth, it unleashes God’s power in my life.
* * 독립명사구(소위 독립분사구)와 분사구 구별하기
I remember [how grown-up I felt], walking into that dark clubhouse, the smoke /rising from the poker game /off to the left, and proudly plunking down my two dollars /for nine holes.
* 독립명사구; the smoke /rising from the poker game /off to the left, 삽입구로 쓰여 부사역할함
* 분사구; 삽입구로 쓰여 형용사역할; 주어수식
walking into that dark clubhouse and proudly plunking down my two dollars /for nine holes
*독립명사구(소위 독립분사구)와 분사구 차이점
독립명사구 안의 분사구의 주어는 앞 명사이나 분사구의 주어는 주절의 주어 수식/설명이다
형용사 역할의 분사구를 형용사 역할의 형절/관계절로 써 보면 수식관계가 확실해 진다
the smoke (which is) rising from the poker game /off to the left,
(I), who was walking into that dark clubhouse and proudly plunking down my two dollars /for nine holes
Examples of absolute phrases are given below.
http://www.englishgrammar.org/absolute-phrase/
Weather permitting we shall meet in the evening.
Here the phrase ‘weather permitting’ is an example of an absolute phrase.
God willing we shall meet again.
Here the phrase ‘God willing’ is an example of an absolute phrase.
More examples of absolute phrases are given below.
The weather being fine, we went out for a picnic.
The sun having risen, we set out on our journey.
Absolute phrases are used to combine two clauses that have different subjects.
Study the examples given below.
The visitors left. We went to bed.
Here the two sentences have different subjects. Still, we can combine them using a participle.
The visitors having left, we went to bed.
Another example is given below.
It was a stormy day. We stayed inside the house.
It being a stormy day, we stayed inside the house.
We can change an absolute phrase into a subordinate adverb clause of time, condition, cause or concession.
Weather permitting can be changed into ‘If weather permits…’
If weather permits, we shall meet in the meeting.
If God wills, we shall meet again.
As the weather was fine, we went out for a picnic.
After the sun had risen, we set out on our journey.
After the visitors had left, we went to bed.
명사 + 형용사 = 절대구 예문
현분사 being 이 생략된 것으로 설명할 수도 있으나
형용사는 명사를 후치수식할 수 있기에 명사구의 구성요소가 될 수 있으므로
쓴다해서 틀릴건 없으나 불필요한게 분사이다
The dragon slain, the knight took his rest.
The battle over, the soldiers trudged back to the camp.
The dragon (being) slain, the knight took his rest.
The battle (being) over, the soldiers trudged back to the camp.
Legs quivering, our old dog Gizmo dreamed of chasing squirrels.
Her arms folded across her chest, Professor Hill warned the class about the penalties of plagiarism.
We devoured Aunt Lenora's carrot cake, our fingers scraping the leftover frosting off the plates.