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October 3rd, 2012 - Today's Morning Special
News Digest
▶ The White House has confirmed that it was a target for an infiltration attempt on its computer system, but that it was able to thwart the cyber-attack. White House spokesperson Jay Carney announced the cyber warfare was against an unclassified network and that there is no indication that any data was removed.
미 백악관이 지난달 31일 백악관 컴퓨터 시스템에 대한 사이버 공격이 있었으나, 실질적인 피해는 없었다고 밝혔습니다. 제이 카니 백악관 대변인은, 이번 사이버 공격이 기밀로 분류되지 않은 네트워크를 겨냥한 것이었으며, 관련 데이터가 유출된 흔적은 없다고 밝혔습니다.
▶ Newly released data shows that there is a major gender imbalance among academic posts in the nation’s schools. The information compiled by the education ministry reveals that about 65 percent of the nation’s primary and secondary school teachers are women.
교육과학기술부가 최근 공개한 ‘2012년 초ㆍ중ㆍ고교 교사 현황’ 자료에 따르면, 우리나라 전국 교사의 약 65%가 여성으로, 교원 사회에서의 성비 불균형이 있는 것으로 나타났습니다.
▶ Nearly 60 percent of South Korea's spending for its peacekeeping operations led by the United Nations has been reimbursed by the world body. The foreign ministry reported that South Korea was reimbursed 133.4 bln won of the total 225.3 bln won for its troops serving as U.N. peacekeepers abroad.
우리나라가 UN평화유지군 활동을 위해 지출한 비용의 약 60%를 UN에 의해 보전 받은 것으로 나타났습니다. 외교통상부는 우리나라가 해외 UN 평화유지군 파견을 위해 지출한 총 비용 2,253억 원 가운데 59.2%인 1,334억 원을 배상받았다고 밝혔습니다.
▶ Two nuclear reactors at two separate atomic power plants in South Korea stopped operation Tuesday due to technical problems, but Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) stated that there was no risk of radiation leaks at either of the sites.
영광 원전 5호기와 신고리 원전 1호기 등 국내 두 곳의 원자로가 기술적 결함으로 인해, 지난 2일(화) 가동을 일시 중단했습니다. 한국수력원자력 측은 그러나 두 곳의 발전소 중 어느 곳에서도 방사선이 누출될 위험은 없다고 밝혔습니다.
News Digest #1 - 백악관 전산망, 사이버 공격 받아
The White House has confirmed that it was a target for an infiltration attempt on its computer system, but that it was able to thwart the cyber-attack. White House spokesperson Jay Carney announced the cyber warfare was against an unclassified network and that there is no indication that any data was removed.
The top U.S. office announced that the cyber-attack was a “spear-phishing” attempt. Although the government tried to mitigate public concerns by saying that such efforts against the government systems are not frequent, the Obama administration is preparing an executive order with new rules to safeguard U.S. networks.
The White House is not releasing any information on whether the attack originated from China despite reports that the hackers breaching the White House Military Office were linked to the Chinese government. Even though the intel head for U.S. cyber defense said last week that cyber-attacks stemming from Chinese hackers have been an increasing concern for U.S. government offices, U.S. authorities have only called out China officially once for a cyber-attack.
* infiltration – In intelligence usage, placing an agent or other person in a target area in hostile territory. 침입, 침투; [군사] 잠입
** Methods of infiltration are: black (clandestine); grey (through legal crossing point but under false documentation); and white (legal)
[TEXT] it was able to thwart the cyber-attack. 그러한 사이버 공격을 막았다
* thwart – to prevent the occurrence of, to oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of (계획 등을) 좌절시키다 / 무위로 돌아가게 하다
(영화 TAKEN 2 - 주인공이 아내와 딸을 납치하려는 계획을 막다
(리암 니슨 - Liam Neeson thwarts attempts by the bad guys to kidnap his former wife and daughter)
* Cyber-attack – a type of cyber-warfare, in which the computers and internet are used to conduct warfare in cyberspace
사이버 공격(컴퓨터 망을 이용해 상대(적)의 컴퓨터 망을 공격하는 것).
** types of attack: web vandalism, propaganda, data gathering, Distributed Denial of Service attacks, equipment disruption, attacking critical infrastructure
* Unclassified – Technically not a classification level, but is used for government documents that do not have a classification as listed. Such documents can be viewed by those without security clearance. 문서ㆍ정보 등이 기밀[비밀]이 아닌
** (Opposite) Classified information – sensitive information to which access is restricted by law or regulation to a particular group of persons. Formal security clearance is required to handle classified documents or access classified data.
기밀정보
* Classification levels: Top secret -> Secret -> Confidential -> Restricted -> Unclassified (군사) 비밀[기밀]등급
* Spear-phishing – phishing attempts directed at specific individuals or companies. Attackers gather information on their target to increase their probability of success <정보보호> 스피어 피싱
* Phishing – the act of attempting to acquire information (and sometimes, indirectly, money) such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. Communications purporting to be from popular social web sites, auction sites, online payment processors or IT administrators are commonly used to lure the unsuspecting target. 피싱 사기(인터넷ㆍ이메일 등을 통해 개인 정보를 알아내어 그들의 돈을 빼돌리는 사기)
[TEXT] the government tried to mitigate public concerns
대중들의 불안을 해소하다 / 경감하다
[TEXT] the Obama administration is preparing an executive order with new rules to safeguard U.S. networks.
오바바 행정부는 미국의 네트워크망을 좀더 잘 보호하기 위한 대통령령을 준비중..
* executive order – a rule or order issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law. It does not require congressional approval. Executive orders differ from presidential proclamations, which are used largely for ceremonial and honorary purposes
행정 명령, [미] 대통령 명령
* safeguard – one that serves as protection or a guard, a precautionary measure (분실ㆍ손상 등에 대비하여) 보호(하다)
[TEXT] reports that the hackers breaching the White House Military Office were linked to the Chinese government.
* hacker – a computer buff who uses programming skills to gain illegal access to a computer network or file 해커
* breach – to break or violate (ie. an agreement, security) 위반 / 침투
[명사] 위반 / 침투 [동사] (합의나 약속을) 위반하다 / 침투하다
News Digest #2 – 전국 초ㆍ중등학교 교사 성비 불균형
Newly released data shows that there is a major gender imbalance among academic posts in the nation’s schools. The information compiled by the education ministry reveals that about 65 percent of the nation’s primary and secondary school teachers are women. This is a stark contrast to the figure of women in the upper echelons, in which only 15.5% of females have snagged the seat of school principals.
Representative Min Byung-joo of the ruling Saenuri Party reviewed the information, noting that this gender imbalance among school teachers needs to be addressed to provide proper guidance to students and to prevent the feminization of male students. The study shows that there are two elementary schools in the nation with no male teachers while six others have only one male teacher each. As the country is struggling to get a grip on the increasing number of reports of school violence and bullying, the call for more male teachers are getting louder.
[TEXT] there is a major gender imbalance among academic posts in the nation’s schools
* gender imbalance – a disproportion of males to females in a given population
성비 불균형
[TEXT] the nation’s primary and secondary school teachers
- primary school 초등학교 / secondary school 중고등학교
[TEXT] This is a stark contrast to figure of women in the upper echelons, in which only 15.5% of females have snagged the seat of school principals.
* stark contrast – an extreme and obvious difference 현저한 대조
* in the upper echelons 상위 계금/계층
- echelons – ranks; one of the levels of status or authority in an organization
계급, 계층, 지위
[TEXT] this gender imbalance among school teachers needs to be addressed
* to be addressed – a matter that requires the direct attention (ie. Warning, message) 주의[관심]을 필요로 하는 사안이다
[TEXT] to proper guidance to students and to prevent the feminization of male students.
[TEXT] As the country is trying to struggling to get a grip on the increasing number of reports of school violence and bullying, // the call for more male teachers are getting louder.
* get a grip – to get control over something; ability to deal with a matter or issue 정신을 바짝 차리다 / ~을 파악하다, 억제[자제]하다
(All sources are cited from AP or VOA unless otherwise noted.)
Word Play - ORIGIN of IDIOMS
Kenny: It feels strange to be back at school after all these years.
Lina: This is going to be a great school reunion! Hey… This is the classroom where we used to have biology, isn't it?
Kenny: I'm not sure. It seems smaller now.
Lina: We used to sit here, do you remember?
Kenny: Yes, you're right. That rings a bell. And look - is that Hyun Lee??
Lina: I don't know. Let's go ask. Excuse me, are you Hyun Lee?
Hyun: Yes, I am!
Kenny: I told you it was him! Do you remember us?
Hyun: Uh, sorry, no.
Lina: I'm Lina - Lina Kwon. This is Kenny Lamb. We all studied biology together.
Hyun: Yes, now I remember. How are you both?
Lina: We're doing fine. You used to hang up on me when I called you back in school.
Hyun: No, I didn't. DID I?
Kenny: Yes, you did. Lina had a major crush on you.
Hyun: REALLY? No, kidding!! Do you still feel the same way?
Lina: Ahh.... NO!!
EXPRESSION 1: hang up / hang up on someone
- MEANING: To end a telephone conversation.
- ORIGIN: To replace (a telephone receiver) on its base or cradle.
- KOREAN EQUIV.: 전화를 끊다.. / 통화라다가 일방적으로 끊어 버리다
- EXAMPLE SENTENCES:
1. I have to hang up now!
2. "I can't believe he hung up on me"
3. Don't you dare hang up on me!
EXPRESSION 2: That rings a bell
- MEANING: Something reminds us of something else
- ORIGIN: Long ago, people often didn't turn up for church on time - people back then didn't have watches, and so the church would rings its bells to remind people it was time to go to church. So these days, when we say this expression it means "That reminds me of something".
- KOREAN EQUIV.: 어렴풋이 기억나
- EXAMPLE SENTENCES:
1. "We studied biology together? That rings a bell."
2. A: "Did you ever watch the Captain Planet cartoon? Captain Planet had green hair and shiny skin." / B: "Yes, that rings a bell."
(cf) Let's me ring you up here... 계산 도와주겠다.
Yumyum News - 뉴욕의 한 연구소, 재방송 시청의 장점 제시
Picture yourself on a lazy day. You’ve probably seen that episode of “Friends” dozens of times but yet you’re still glued to the TV. A new study suggests that you might be doing something productive here: watching reruns of our favorite TV shows replenishes our self-control.
Jaye Derrick, research scientist at the University at Buffalo's Research Institute on Addictions, had a hunch that watching TV is doing something more for our brains than turning them to mush.
Past research has suggested that self-control comes in limited quantities and people restock their reserves in a variety of ways. Derrick believed that “watching TV or a movie or reading a book might re-establish self-control because it stands in as a social surrogate.”
Chatting and sharing some laughs with friends provides a positive social event that restores diminished self-control. Derrick suspected that retreating to a familiar fictional world could provide the same benefits as those real life experiences.
Derrick explains, “part of it is sitting there watching these social characters we enjoy and kind of living in the moment.” Watching these familiar faces feels as reinvigorating as hanging out with a loved one.
* rerun: a program that is broadcast again (movies, TV programs, or shows) 재방송ex) I like to watch "NCIS" reruns.
** rerun: v. run again for office
* replenish our self-control: to restock on our limited supply of self-control
자제력을 재확립하다 / 회복하다
= restores diminished self-control
* replenish: fill something that had previously been emptied
다시 채우다/보충하다 / to inspire or nourish
ex) The music will replenish my weary soul.
** self-control: the ability to control one's emotions, behavior, and desires in order to obtain some reward, or avoid some punishment 자제력
* lazy day: (informal) a day where you have no obligations or schedules
* dozens: an indefinite, large number 수십의/많은ex) I have dozens of errands to run.
* glued to the TV. TV에서 떨어지지 않다
- glued: to fasten on something attentively ~에 열중하다
ex) Our eyes were glued to the stage:
* hunch: an idea or belief based on one's feelings or suspicions rather than on clear evidence 예감 / 직감
ex) I had a hunch that we would work well together.
* mush: something thick, pulpy, and soft like porridge 곤죽 ex) The potatoes have turned to mush after being boiled for so long.
* social surrogate: substitute for social settings 사회적 대체품 / 대리인
* surrogate: a person or thing that is considered / used as a substitute
대리의/대용의
(cf) surrogate mother: a woman who has a baby for another woman who is unable to have babies 대리모
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