장내 세균과 자폐증과의 연관성이 있다네요...

[최나윤(5세)/나윤아빠]

기사내용은 영어가 짧아서 다 이해 못하겠지만,

박테로이디즈 프라질리스균이 자폐증 증상에 도움이 된다는 군요...

박테로이디즈 프라질리스균은 유해세균인걸로 아는데.. ^^;

결국 장건강과 자폐가 연관이 있다는 얘기같네요...

유산균 제제를 많이 먹여야 겠어요.

Gut Microbes Linked to Autismlike Symptoms in Mice

5 December 2013 12:45 pm

1 Comment

CNRI/Science Photo Library

Gut feeling. Scientists think this common microbe, Bacteroides fragilis, could help restore normal behavior in autism-mimicking mice.

Many physicians and parents report that their autistic children have unusually severe gastrointestinal problems, such as chronic constipation or diarrhea. These observations have led some researchers to speculate that an ailing gut contributes to the disorder in some cases, but scientific data has been lacking. Now, a provocative study claims that a probiotic treatment for gastrointestinal issues can reduce autismlike symptoms in mice and suggests that this treatment could work for humans, too.

The reported incidence of gut maladies in people with autism varies wildly between published studies—from zero to more than 80%—making it difficult to establish just how commonly the two conditions go together, says principal investigator Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena. Overall, however, the evidence seems to point toward a connection. Last year, for example, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study of thousands of children with developmental disabilities found that kids with autism were twice as likely as children with other types of disorders to have frequent diarrhea or colitis, an inflammation of the large intestine.

For many years, Mazmanian and his and colleagues have been studying the effects of a nontoxic strain of the bacterium Bacteroides fragilis on diseases such as Crohn's disease, which causes intestinal inflammation and allows potentially harmful substances that should pass out of the body to leak through junctions between cells that are normally tight. Although the researchers don’t understand the mechanism, the bacterium appears to restore the damaged gut, possibly by helping close these gaps.

"The fact that we have an organism that repairs the gut makes it a very appealing" tool for testing whether gut abnormalities can contribute to autism, Mazmanian says. To explore that question, Mazmanian and colleagues at Caltech used a mouse model of autism that is thought to approximately recreate three of the disorder's hallmark deficits: lack of social interaction, decreased communication (mice normally emit ultrasonic, birdsonglike chirps), and repetitive behaviors such as compulsive grooming or burying marbles.

The first step of the experiment was to determine whether the mice showed signs of gastrointestinal inflammation or other gut abnormalities, says microbiologist Elaine Hsiao, a postdoctoral candidate at Caltech and lead author of the study. By the time the mice were 3 weeks old, the researchers found that their intestines were indeed as leaky as those of mice that had been treated with a chemical that induces colitis. Next, the researchers tested whether they could reverse the damage by feeding the mice applesauce laced with B. fragilis for a week. A second group of autism-mimicking mice as well as a group of healthy mice ate applesauce that did not contain the bacteria. Then the group waited to see what effect the bacteria would have on the rodents' intestines. "We didn't know what would happen—we were hoping the bacterium would survive in the gut," Hsiao says.

After 3 weeks, the team measured the levels of gut-derived molecules in the rodents' bloodstream and found that the treatment had stopped up their intestinal leakage. Bacterial counts from rodents' poop showed that although B. fragilis did not establish lasting colonies in the mice, they did "shake up the community," of microorganisms, bringing it closer to that of the normal mice, Hsiao says. After the treatment, the autism-mimicking mice also resembled their normal peers in two behavioral tests, the authors report today in Cell. The animals no longer compulsively buried marbles in their cages and increased their ultrasonic squeaking to typical levels. They did not increase their social interactions, however, Hsiao says.

"It’s really striking that any bacterial treatment—even a transient one—could have a lasting impact on behavior," Hsiao says. The most interesting thing about the results, she says, was not the correction of the autistic symptoms in the mice, but the clues the study provided about how the gut's microbial population may affect the brain and behavior. The researchers found that levels of a substance called 4-ethylphenylsulfate that is produced by gut bacteria increased 46-fold in the mice with autistic symptoms, but returned to normal after treatment withB. fragilis. When the team isolated that chemical and injected it into healthy mice, the rodents showed increased anxiety, another autismlike symptom, she says. Although the substance did not provoke the symptoms seen in the previous experiment, Hsiao says that the animals' altered response suggests that the substance could play a role in the disorder. Hundreds of other metabolic byproducts also changed in quantity after B. fragilis was administered and could have an effect, she adds.

By demonstrating that a widely used mouse model of autism does have gastrointestinal problems, and that these problems are associated with behavioral symptoms, the new research "shows us something fabulous," says Betty Diamond, an immunologist at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, New York. She cautions, however, that it would be premature to use B. fragilis or another probiotic as a treatment in humans. "We don't really understand" which bacterial species are important or how they colonize the gut, she says.

Although the findings are interesting, the study does not establish that the changing levels of microbes and the chemicals they produce caused any of the behavioral changes seen in the mice, says Emanuel DiCicco-Bloom, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. "I'd want to know more about the mechanism" by which the bacteria altered behavior in the mice before beginning to translate the findings to humans, he says. The group also didn't investigate how the bacteria affect a normal animal, because the microbes were administered only to autistic mice, he says. It's possible that B. fragilis could have a deleterious effect that the study didn't detect, he says. Combined with the inherent difficulty of extrapolating findings about human autism from a mouse, he says, "I think this is less well-established than it appears."

"We propose that after the repair of the leaky gut, neurotoxic molecules do not get into the system and cause behavioral abnormalities," Mazmanian says. But he agrees with DiCicco-Bloom that there are alternative explanations for why the mice changed their behavior—for example, "maybe bacteria are activating nerves in the gut that are communicating with the brain," he says. After resolving some of these questions, the group plans to initiate clinical trials in humans, Hsiao says. "We don’t want people to start applying this to humans" just yet, but "this opens the door to future research” in people.

[양윤서(10) 윤서맘]

윤서 3살때 이거 때문에 미국 연구소에 까지 소변대변보내 검사했었는데 곰팡이 있다고 나왔었어여 . 그때 그래서 액상으로된 프로바이오틱스랑 기타 다른 비타민 미네랄제제와 더불어 CF(우유끊는거) GF(밀가루 끊는거) 1년넘게 했었는데 한동안 미국서도 이게 유행했었구여 지금도 하는사람들이 좀 있는거 같긴해여 . 장은 제2의 뇌라고 불릴만큼 장건강이 중요하구여 장내에서 탄수화물 분해가 문제가 되면 장내 곰팡이균이 증가하고 인슐린분비가 촉진되서 마그네슘을 소모하게 된다고 했던거 같아여 그리고 곰팡이는 구리랑 같이 다닌다고 햇던거 같네여 . 그래서 간해독하는거가 중요하다고 햇던기억이 나네여 ..... 몸에 독소가 쌓이면

[양윤서(10) 윤서맘]

눈밑이 좀 어두어지고 부어여 .. 윤서가 한동안 많이 부었었는데 걍 지나쳐서 몸속에 무지 많은 독소가 쌓였어거든여 .. 근 4년가까이 아무거나 막주고 밀가루음식 맬먹고 과자먹고 치킨먹고 세포막 파괴하는 온갖 나쁜 것들은 다 먹였었네여 ㅠㅠ 알면서도 그리 먹였던게 지금은 좀 후회되네여 .. 다시 식이요법 시작한지 한달 넘게 지났는데 드뎌 대변색이 황금색으로 변하기 시작했어여 .. 첨엔 대변색이 검고 악취가 많이 났었거든여 .. 아마 독소가 나오느라고 그랬던거 같아여 ..

[지오맘(11년생)]

지오는 다크써클이랑 눈밑에 완존도톰한데..ㅠ