|
English is fast becoming the world's universal language, and instant translation technology is improving every year.
영어는 빠르게 세계 공용어가 되어가고 있으며, 즉석 번역 기술은 매년 발전하고 있습니다.
So why bother learning a foreign language? Linguist and Columbia professor John McWhorter shares four alluring benefits of learning an unfamiliar tongue.
⁑both·er [bάðǝr/bɔ́ð-] vi.① 《~/++》 심히 걱정하다, 근심〔고민〕하다, 걱정하다 ② 《+to do/+-ing》 일부러 …하다, …하도록 애쓰다
ᛜal·lur·ing [ǝlú(ː)riŋ] ɑ.유혹하는, 매혹적인(fascinating).
그렇다면 왜 외국어를 배우려고 애를쓸까요? 언어학자이자 컬럼비아 대학교 교수인 존 맥워터가 낯선 언어를 배울 때 얻을 수 있는 네 가지 매력적인 이점을 소개합니다.
The language I'm speaking right now is on its way to becoming the world's universal language, for better or for worse.
내가 지금 말하고 있는 언어는 좋든 나쁘든 세계의 보편적인 언어가 되기 위한 길을 가고 있습니다.
Let's face it, it's the language of the internet, it's the language of finance, it's the language of air traffic control, of popular music, diplomacy --
English is everywhere.
Let's face it 사실을 직시하자, 터놓고 보자; 솔직히[까놓고] 말해서(frankly)
솔직히 말해서 영어는 인터넷의 언어, 금융의 언어, 항공 교통 관제, 대중 음악, 외교의 언어이고 이렇게 어디에나 존재합니다.
Now, Mandarin Chinese is spoken by more people, but more Chinese people are learning English than English speakers are learning Chinese.
지금 중국표준어는 더 많은 사람들이 사용하고 있지만 중국어를 배우는 영어 사용인 보다 영어를 배우는 중국인들이 더 많습니다.
Last I heard, there are two dozen universities in China right now teaching all in English.
English is taking over.
내가 알기로는 현재 중국에는 20개 이상의 대학에서 모두 영어로 가르치고 있다고 들었습니다. 영어가 장악하고 있습니다.
And in addition to that, it's been predicted that at the end of the century almost all of the languages that exist now -- there are about 6,000 -- will no longer be spoken.
또한 세기 말에는 현재 존재하는 거의 모든 언어—약 6,000개가 있는데-가 더 이상 사용되지 않을 것이라는 예측도 있습니다.
There will only be some hundreds left. And on top of that, it's at the point where instant translation of live speech is not only possible, but it gets better every year.
머지않아 수백 개만 존재할 것입니다. 게다가 실시간 음성의 즉각적인 번역이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 매년 더 좋아지고 있는 시점에 와 있습니다.
The reason I'm reciting those things to you is because I can tell that we're getting to the point where a question is going to start being asked, which is: Why should we learn foreign languages -- other than if English happens to be foreign to one?
*re·cite¹ [risáit] vt.①암송하다 ② 음창(吟唱)〔낭송〕하다.③ 이야기하다상술하다, 열거하다
제가 이러한 내용을 여러분에게 열거하는 이유는 이제 질문이 시작될 시점에 이르렀다고 말할 수 있기 때문입니다: 즉 우리는 왜 외국어를 배워야 할까요?--영어가 외국어인 경우를 제외하고는 말이죠
Why bother to learn another one when it's getting to the point where almost everybody in the world will be able to communicate in one?
전 세계 거의 모든 사람이 하나의 언어로 소통할 수 있는 시대가 다가오는데 굳이 다른 언어를 배우려고 애쓰는 이유는 무엇일까요?
I think there are a lot of reasons, but I first want to address the one that you're probably most likely to have heard of, because actually it's more dangerous than you might think.
여러 가지 이유가 있겠지만, 여러분이 가장 많이 들어보셨을 만한 이유를 먼저 말씀드리고 싶은데요, 사실 생각보다 더 위험하기 때문입니다.
And that is the idea that a language channels your thoughts, that the vocabulary and the grammar of different languages gives everybody a different kind of acid trip, so to speak.
That is a marvelously enticing idea, but it's kind of fraught.
ácid trìp 《美俗》 LSD에 의한 환각 체험.
so to speak 말하자면
en·tíc·ing ɑ.마음을 끄는, 유혹적인; 매혹적인.
fraught [frɔːt] ɑ.…을 내포한, …이 따르는, 《英俗》 위험한(risky).
언어가 생각을 전달한다는 생각, 즉 말하자면, 다른 언어의 어휘와 문법이 모든 사람에게 다른 종류의 환각체험을 제공한다는 생각입니다. 놀랍도록 매력적인 발상이지만 다소 위험하기도 합니다.
So it's not that it's untrue completely.
So for example, in French and Spanish the word for table is, for some reason, marked as feminine.
따라서 완전히 사실이 아닌 것은 아닙니다. 예를 들어 프랑스어와 스페인어에서 테이블이라는 단어는 어떤 이유에서인지 여성적인 단어로 표시되어 있습니다.
So, "la table," "la mesa," you just have to deal with it.
따라서 '라 테이블', '라 메사'는 그냥 그렇게 알고 있어야 합니다.
It has been shown that if you are a speaker of one of those languages and you happen to be asked how you would imagine a table talking, then much more often than could possibly be an accident, a French or a Spanish speaker says that the table would talk with a high and feminine voice.
이러한 언어 중 하나를 사용하는 사람에게 테이블을 말하는 모습을 상상해 보라고 하면, 우연일 가능성이 있는 것보다 훨씬 더 자주, 프랑스어나 스페인어 사용자는 테이블을 높고 여성스러운 목소리로 말할 것이라고 답하는 것으로 나타났습니다.
So if you're French or Spanish, to you, a table is kind of a girl, as opposed to if you are an English speaker.
따라서 프랑스어 또는 스페인어 사용자에게는 테이블이 일종의 소녀같은 것으로 느껴지지만, 영어 사용자에게는 그 반대입니다.
It's hard not to love data like that, and many people will tell you that that means
that there's a worldview that you have if you speak one of those languages.
많은 사람들이 그런 데이터를 좋아하지 않는 것은 어렵고, 만일 당신이 그런 언어 중 하나를 사용한다면 세계관을 가지고이 있다는 것을 의미한다고 말할 것입니다.
But you have to watch out, because imagine if somebody put us under the microscope,
하지만 당신은 조심해야 합니다, 왜냐면 누군가 우리를 현미경으로 들여다본다고 상상해 보세요
What is the worldview from English? So for example, let's take an English speaker.
영국인의 세계관은 무엇인가요? 그러면 예를 들어, 영어 사용자를 예로 들어 봅시다.
Up on the screen, that is Bono. He speaks English. I presume he has a worldview.
화면 위에 사람은 보노입니다. 그는 영어를 구사합니다. 그는 세계관이 있겠지요.
Now, that is Donald Trump. In his way, he speaks English as well.
이제는 도널드 트럼프입니다. 그만의 방식으로 그는 영어도 구사합니다.
And here is Ms. Kardashian, and she is an English speaker, too.
So here are three speakers of the English language.
여기 카다시안 여사가 있는데 그녀도 영어를 구사하는 분입니다.
그러면 여기 영어를 구사하는 세 사람이 있습니다.
What worldview do those three people have in common?
이 세 사람의 세계관에는 어떤 공통점이 있을까요?
What worldview is shaped through the English language that unites them?
It's a highly fraught concept.
영어를 통해 어떤 세계관이 형성되어 이들을 하나로 묶을 수 있을까요?
이는 매우 위험한 생각입니다.
And so gradual consensus is becoming that language can shape thought, but it tends to be in rather darling, obscure psychological flutters.
⁑dar·ling [dάːrliŋ] ━ɑ.① 마음에 드는; 가장 사랑하는; 귀여운.
*ob·scure [ǝbskjúǝr] ɑ. ① 어두운, 어두컴컴한(dim); (빛깔 따위가) 거무스름한, 몽롱한, 어스레한; 잔뜩 흐린 ② (말·의미 따위가) 분명치 않은, 불
명료한, 모호한, 알기 어려운
*flut·ter [flʌ́tǝr] ━n.① (the ~, a ~) (날개의) 퍼덕거림; 나부낌, 펄럭임; 〖泳〗 (크롤 영법(泳法)의) 물장구(~ kick).② (a ~) 고동, 두근거림, 〖醫〗
경련. ③ 당황, (마음의) 동요;
따라서 언어가 생각을 형성할 수 있다는 점에 점차 공감대가 형성되고 있지만, 그것은 다소 애매하고 모호한 심리적 흔들림에 그치는 경향이 있습니다.
It's not a matter of giving you a different pair of glasses on the world.
당신에게 세상을 바라보는 다른 안경을 씌워주는 것이 아닙니다.
Now, if that's the case, then why learn languages?
만일 그렇다면 지금 언어를 배우는 이유는 무엇일까요?
If it isn't going to change the way you think, what would the other reasons be?
There are some.
그것이 당신의 사고 방식을 바꾸지 않을 것이면 다른 이유는 무엇일까요?
몇 가지가 있습니다.
One of them is that if you want to imbibe a culture, if you want to drink it in, if you want to become part of it, then whether or not the language channels the culture -- and that seems doubtful -- if you want to imbibe the culture, you have to control to some degree the language that the culture happens to be conducted in.
im·bibe [imbáib] vt.① (술 등을) 마시다; (공기·연기 등을) 빨아들이다, 흡입하다. ② (습기·수분 등을) 흡수하다; (양분 등을) 섭취하다.
③ (사상 등을) 받아들이다, 동화하다.
그 이유중 하나는 문화를 받아들이고 싶다면, 그 문화를 흡수하고 싶다면, 그 문화의 일부가 되고 싶다면, 언어가 문화를 전달하든 안 하든—그런데 확신이 가지 않아 보이지만---, 그 문화를 흡수하고 싶다면 그 문화가 이루어지는 언어를 어느 정도는 구사해야 한다는 것입니다.
There's no other way.
다른 방법은 없습니다.
There's an interesting illustration of this.
I have to go slightly obscure, but really you should seek it out.
There's a movie by the Canadian film director Denys Arcand -- read out in English on the page, "Dennis Ar-cand," if you want to look him up.
He did a film called "Jesus of Montreal."
And many of the characters are vibrant, funny, passionate, interesting French-Canadian, French-speaking women.
There's one scene closest to the end, where they have to take a friend to an Anglophone hospital.
In the hospital, they have to speak English.
Now, they speak English but it's not their native language, they'd rather not speak English.
And they speak it more slowly, they have accents, they're not idiomatic.
Suddenly these characters that you've fallen in love with become husks of themselves, they're shadows of themselves.
To go into a culture and to only ever process people through that kind of skrim curtain is to never truly get the culture.
And so to the extent that hundreds of languages will be left, one reason to learn them is because they are tickets to being able to participate in the culture of the people who speak them, just by virtue of the fact that it is their code.
So that's one reason.
Second reason:
it's been shown that if you speak two languages, dementia is less likely to set in, and that you are probably a better multitasker.
And these are factors that set in early, and so that ought to give you some sense of when to give junior or juniorette lessons in another language.
Bilingualism is healthy.
And then, third -- languages are just an awful lot of fun.
Much more fun than we're often told.
So for example, Arabic: "kataba," he wrote, "yaktubu," he writes, she writes.
"Uktub," write, in the imperative.
What do those things have in common?
All those things have in common the consonants sitting in the middle like pillars.
They stay still, and the vowels dance around the consonants.
Who wouldn't want to roll that around in their mouths?
You can get that from Hebrew, you can get that from Ethiopia's main language, Amharic.
That's fun.
Or languages have different word orders.
Learning how to speak with different word order is like driving on the different side of a street if you go to certain country, or the feeling that you get when you put Witch Hazel around your eyes and you feel the tingle.
A language can do that to you.
So for example, "The Cat in the Hat Comes Back," a book that I'm sure we all often return to, like "Moby Dick."
One phrase in it is, "Do you know where I found him?
Do you know where he was? He was eating cake in the tub, Yes he was!"
Fine. Now, if you learn that in Mandarin Chinese, then you have to master, "You can know, I did where him find?
He was tub inside gorging cake, No mistake gorging chewing!"
That just feels good.
Imagine being able to do that for years and years at a time.
Or, have you ever learned any Cambodian?
Me either, but if I did, I would get to roll around in my mouth not some baker's dozen of vowels like English has, but a good 30 different vowels scooching and oozing around in the Cambodian mouth like bees in a hive.
That is what a language can get you.
And more to the point, we live in an era when it's never been easier to teach yourself another language.
It used to be that you had to go to a classroom, and there would be some diligent teacher -- some genius teacher in there -- but that person was only in there at certain times and you had to go then, and then was not most times.
You had to go to class.
If you didn't have that, you had something called a record.
I cut my teeth on those.
There was only so much data on a record, or a cassette, or even that antique object known as a CD.
Other than that you had books that didn't work, that's just the way it was.
Today you can lay down -- lie on your living room floor, sipping bourbon, and teach yourself any language that you want to with wonderful sets such as Rosetta Stone.
I highly recommend the lesser known Glossika as well.
You can do it any time, therefore you can do it more and better.
You can give yourself your morning pleasures in various languages.
I take some "Dilbert" in various languages every single morning; it can increase your skills.
Couldn't have done it 20 years ago
when the idea of having any language you wanted
in your pocket, coming from your phone, would have sounded like science fiction to very sophisticated people.
So I highly recommend that you teach yourself languages other than the one that I'm speaking, because there's never been a better time to do it.
It's an awful lot of fun.
It won't change your mind, but it will most certainly blow your mind.