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Part II Latin Prefixes
: 모든 영어어휘의 약 50% 정도를 차지한다고 여겨지는 라틴어계(어근, 접두어)의 이해는 어휘력향상의 핵심이라고 할 수 있다.
1. AB-, A-, ABS- : away(멀리), off(떨어져),
from(-로 부터)
* "분리"를 뜻하는 접두사
(de-, dis-, se-, ab-)
abdicate(<왕위, 권리를> 버리다, 포기하다 ; relinquish, surrender)
abduct(유괴하다 ; kidnap)
abhor(I - snakes. * horror)
abnormal(비정상의, 변칙의, 변태적인, 병적인)
anomy(무규범상태, (사회,도덕적) 무질서 =anomie)
* norm(표준, 규범 ; rule, standard), enormous(막대한, 거대한, 극악한)
abrasion(<피부의> 찰과상, 마찰, 마모, 연마 ; rubbing, scraping, wearing off)
* <radere> ; to scrape
* erasion(지움, 삭제, 말소) eraser(지우개)
abrupt(뜻밖의, 돌연한, 갑작스러운 ; unexpected)
* <rumpere> ; to break
* erupt(폭발, 분출, 분화하다)
disrupt(붕괴, 분열, 혼란, 두절시키다)
corrupt(타락, 부패시키다 adj,v)
abscond(도망하다, 자취를 감추다 ; depart secretly, flee)
* <condere> ; to hide
absolve(방면하다, 사면하다 ; acquit, exonerate)
abstain(삼가다, 절제하다, 그만두다, 끊다; refrain)
* <tenere> ; to hold
contain(포함하다, <감정 등을>억누르다, 참다)
retain(계속 유지, 간직, 보유하다)
obtain(얻다, 획득하다)
sustain(떠받치다, 지탱하다, 견디다, 유지하다 ; sustenance<생계, 살림>)
entertain(대접, 환대하다)
detain(구류, 유치, 감금, 억류하다)
attain(달성하다, 이루다, 성취하다, 도달하다)
averse(반대하는, 할 마음이 없는 ; unwilling)
* <vertere> ; to turn
avert(피하다,막다 :avoid, prevent)
avocation(부업)
* absent, absence, absentee vote, absent-minded,
abortion(-ism, -ist)
abuse(남용, 오용, 학대, 욕설)
abroad(국외로, 해외에, 널리)
abject(비천한,비참한, 비열한 miserable, wretched)
# c, t로 시작되는 단어 -abs
abstract(추상, 추출, 발췌하다, 떼어내다 adj. n. vt)
<tract : draw. tractor, attract, contract, detract, distract <distracted = mad, frantic>
extract, protract, subtract
# m, p, v, w로 시작되는 단어 - a
amend(make or become better, improve 고치다, 수정하다)
averse(싫어하는, 반대하는)
avert(피하다, 막다), away, apart
2. AD- : to(-로), toward(-쪽으로), near
* "방향"을 뜻하는 접두사
adapt(적응, 개조, 개작, 번안, 각색하다 = modify, adjust, <apt = having a tendency, likely to do sth, well suited>)
addicted(havituated)
adequate(enough, sufficient)
adherent(follower)
adjacent(이웃의, 인접한 = lying near, bordering)
adjoin(인접하다)
adjourn(연기, 폐회, 휴회하다 = defer)
advent(come. Seventh-Day Adventist)
adversary(opponent, foe)
adverse(거스르는, 반대의, 불리한 = hostile, - circumstances<역경>)
*
adverb
adept(숙달한, 정통한<사람> n.<formal> expert, adj.skilled, < ept : 유능한, 솜씨있는 = expert >)
adopt(채용, 채택, 양자로 삼다 = take, accept)
advertise
advice(see)
administer(관리, 시행, 운영, 통치, 투여하다 = control, manage, apply)
advocate(주장, 변호, 옹호하다 = support)
# c, k 앞 ac
accord(일치, 조화, 협정, 조약 ; n. v.)
accommodate (편의를 도모하다, 수용하다)
accede(assent, agree)
access(접근, 출입, 입수, 이용), accessible
accompany(동반, 동행, 수행하다)
accustom(make used to)
acknowledge
# g 앞 ag
aggress, aggressive, aggressor
progress, regress(후퇴, 역행, 퇴보 ; n. v)
aggrieve(괴롭히다, 고통을 주다 = injure, offend, be hurt in one"s feelings)
* grieve(cause grief to, feel grief n.grief<deep or violent sorrow>)
3. ANTE- : before 4. POST- : after
* "앞"을 뜻하는 접두사 (ante-, fore-, pre-, pro-)
* "뒤“를 뜻하는 접두사 (post-, re-, retro-)
antecede, antecedents(ancestor), antedate(precede), postdate, ante meridiem, post meridiem, anteroom (곁방, 입구의 작은 방, 대기실 = antechamber, waiting room), postgraduate(adj, n), postmortem (adj, n = autopsy), postscript(추신, 후기 P.S.)
* antenatal(prenatal-postnatal), anticipate(expect), anticipation(예상, 예측, 기대, 앞지르기), antique (adj, n = in the style of past times, belong to the distant past, existing since old times, material of a past period), antiquity(old times, relic, remains), postwar(prewar), posterity(자손, 후손 = descendants), posthumous(- work), postpone(put off, delay)
5. BI- : two 6. SEMI- : half, partly
* "둘“을 뜻하는 접두사 (bi-, duo-)
* "절반"을 뜻하는 접두사 (semi-)
bicameral(-lism,-ist), bicentennial(semicentennial), biennial(2년마다의 = biyearly), semiannual(반년마다의 = biannual, semiyearly), semimonthly(한달에 두 번의 = bimonthly), bilateral(a - contract : unilateral), bilingual(adj, n = bilinguist), bipartisan(a - foreign policy 초당외교정책),
bisect(양분하다), semicircle, semiconscious, semidetached, semiskilled
* <camera> ; chamber(방, 침실, -실)
chamber orchestra(실내악단), chamber maid, chamber music, chamber pot)
bicycle, bike(motocycle), bidaily(격일의, 하루2회의), biweekly, biped(양족의, 양족동물), biplane, bifocal lens, biscuit, bisexual(양성의, 양성동물), bimetal, semiautomatic, semifinal, semiclassic, semidiameter(반지름, 반경 = radius), semisolid (adj, n), semicivilized, semiofficial, semilunar(반달모양의), semitropical(semitropics), semicolon, two, twice, twin, twilight, twist, double, dual, duel(결투), duality(이중성, 이원성), duet, trio, quartet(4중창), quintet(5중창), chorus, trivial, triangle, tripod, triple, the Trinity(삼위일체)
7. E-, EX- : out, from, away
8. IN-, IM- : in, into, on, against, over
* “밖(으로)”과 “밖의(범위)”를 뜻하는 접두사
(e-, ex-, extra-) * "안(으로)"과 “안의(범위)”를 뜻하는 접두사 (in-, intra-, intro-)
emigrate, immigrate, eminent(remarkable, famous, distinguished, noteworthy, outstanding), imminent (near at hand, impending) prominent(conspicuous, famous>, enervate(weaken), erosion(부식, 침식), evoke(이끌어내다, 불러내다, 유도해 내다 = elicit), invoke(빌다, 기원, 호소하다), * revoke(취소, 폐지하다), provoke(vex), convoke(소집하다)
excise(삭제, 절제하다), incise(베다, 째다, 새기다, 조각하다), exclusive(exclude), inclusive(include), exhibit(exhibition), inhibit(restrain), expel, impel(재촉, 추진하다), compel, implicate(관련, 연루, 포함시키다 = involve), impugn(비난, 공격, 논박하다 = contradict - advocate), incarcerate(투옥, 감금시키다), inscribe(새기다, 등록하다), insurgent(adj, n. 폭도, 반란자 = rebel<n,v>, rebellious)
* exit, excavate, expose, export, import, Korea Exchange Bank, expedition, exceed, excellent, Pony Excel, exhale(inhale), express(impress<감동시키다, 감명을 주다), expect, expire(inspire, inspiration), exodus(출국, 이주), essay(평론), ecstasy, esprit(재치, 기지 =lively wit), evidence, eliminate, elaborate, emerge(appear), emit, emissary(사자,밀사,간첩 =messenger), extol(praise highly), exotic, eclipse(식<蝕>,빛의 소멸 / leave), eject, exorcise, exorcism, exorcist, ex-wife, ex-husband, ex-convict, ex-chairman, ex-president, indoor, income, induce(persuade, influence, lead, cause), illusion(환각, 환영, 착각 =false idea or belief), illumination(조명, 조도, 계몽), illustrate(설명, 예증, 도해하다), illustrator(삽화가, 도해<설명>자)
9. EXTRA- : outside
10. INTRA-, INTRO- : within
extracurricular(- activity), extraneous(외래의, 이질적인,관계없는), extravagant(excessive, wasteful - restrained, frugal), intramural(학교, 도시, 건물안의 - interscholastic, extramural), intraparty, intrastate(interstate), intravenous(an - injection 정맥주사)
* intramuscular(hypodermic) injection, extraordinary, extralegal(법이 미치지 않는), extrasensory perception(ESP), extravehicular activity(EVA), extraterrestrial, introduce (introduction), introspect(introspection : 내성, 자기반성), introvert(내성적인<사람> introversion<내향, 내성, 내향성>), extrovert(extroversion), extraterritorial(ity : 치외법권)
11. CONTRA-, CONTRO-, COUNTER- :
against, contrary
* “반대”와 “대조”의 접두사 (anti-, dis-, ob-)
con(반대론<자> <pros and cons : 찬반양론>), contraband(밀수<품> -ist), contravene(transgress, breach, violate, disregard, infringe), controversy (n, controvert), counter(adj, adv, vt : 대항,반대하다, 거스르다, 맞서다, n : 위조지폐), countermand (n, vt), incontrovertable(certain, unquestionable, indisputable)
* country, contrabass(double bass), contrapose(대치하다, contraposition), contradict(부정,부인,반박,반대하다, contradiction = opposition), contracept(contraception), contrary(adj : 반대의 적합치 않은, 불리한, adv, n : 정반대, 역), contrast(대조,대비, v), counterattack(counterblow), counterplot(대항책, v), countercurrent(역류), counterfeit(위조<품>, v. = forge, copy, imitate), counterpoison(해독제 = antidote), countersign(암호, =password, watchword, code<법전,관례,규범>)
12. INTER- : between
* “사이”를 뜻하는 접두사
intercede(중재하다 =arbitrate, mediate, intervene), intercept(도중에 잡다,빼앗다,가로채다), interlinear(행간의), interlude(막간,사이,중간, 막간극,간주곡 = intermezzo), intermediary(go-between, mediator), intermission(중지, 중단, 휴계시간 = break, pause, interval), intersect(교차하다, 가로지르다 = cross, divide), interurban(도시간의 =intercity), intervene(사이에 들다, 방해하다, 중재하다)
* international, interchange(교환, 교체, 입체교차<점>, 서로교환하다), interrupt(가로막다, 저지,방해,중단하다 interruption) * erupt, bankrupt(파산자, 파산한<go ->, 파산시키다), interview (interviewee : 당하는 사람, interviewer), interaction, intercourse(sex), interdependence, intern(수련의, 교육 실습생), resident(intern을 마치고 개업전에 병원에 상주하는 수련의), Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile
13. IN-, IL-, IM-, IR- : not
* “부정”, “반대”를 뜻하는 접두사 (a-, non-, un-)
illegible(읽기 어려운), illiterate(무교육자, 무식자, adj, = ignorant n. illiteracy), illogical, immaculate, immature(미숙한, 미완성의), impunity(<형,벌,해,손실>을 받지 않음), inaccessible, incessant, inflexible(완고한, 확고한, 불굴의, 강인한), ingratitude(배은망덕), inhospitable(야박한, 불친절한), insoluble(녹지 않는, 해결<설명,해석>할 수 없는), irreconcilable, irrelevant(extraneous), irrevocable
* insane, impure, inability, inactive, irregular, inanimate(lifeless, spiritless, dull), incapable, incorrect, immoral, inconvenience, incredible, indigestion(difficulty in digesting food), indirect, ineffective, inexperience, inescapable(inevitable), inhuman(cruel), insensible(무감각한, 의식이 없는, 인사불성의), inaudible, invisible, infinite (boundless, limitless, infinitive), infirm(weak), indecent(점잖지 못한,꼴불견의, 음란한,), improper, impartial(fair), immense(huge, gigantic), imbalance, immortal, immovable(고정된, 무감동의, 냉정한, 부동의 - property), imperfect, impatient (restless, eager), impossible, illegal(illicit, unlawful, forbidden), irresponsible
14. BENE- : good, well
15. MAL-, MALE- : evil, ill, bad, badly
* “좋은”, “잘”을 뜻하는 접두사 (bene-)
* “나쁜”, “악한”, “잘못된”을 뜻하는 접두사(mal-)
benediction(축복, 감사기도 =blessing), malediction (저주, 악담, 비방 =curse), benefactor(은인, 보호자, 기부자, 후원자), malefactor(offender, evildoer, wrongdoer, criminal), beneficial(helpful, advantageous, beneficent :남에게 물건 등을 줌으로써 실제로 친절한 일을 하는, - maleficent : 해로운, 나쁜 짓을 하는, hurtful), beneficiary(수익자, 수취인 =person who receives a benefit, advantage), benevolent(남에게 좋은 일을 해주고 싶다고 바라거나, 친절한 =kind, charitable, benign, benignant), malevolent(spiteful, malignant), maladjusted(a - child : 환경 부적응아), malice(악의, 적의, 앙심, 원한 =enmity, malevolence), malnutrition(영양부족<실조>), maltreat(학대<혹사,냉대>하다 =mistreat, abuse)
* benefit(profit, advantage), malign(해로운, 악의가 있는 =injurious), malformation(기형, 꼴이 흉함) malformed fish), malaria(학질), malfunction(기능불량, 고장), malady(disease, illness ; a social - : 사회적 병폐), malcontent(adj : 불평하는, 불만인, 반항적인 n.<a person who is> discontended and inclined to rebel : 불평가, 반항자), malpractice(의료과오, 오진), maladroit(서투른, 솜씨없는 =clumsy, awkward, inapt), bon(F.good), mon ami(my friend), bon ami(good friend, sweetheart), bonanza(대성공, 행운, 노다지), bonus
16. DE- : down, down from, opposite of
* “아래” “밑”을 뜻하는 접두사
(hypo-, under-, sub-, de-)
demolish(destroy), deciduous(shedding leaves), demented(mad, insane, deranged), demote(등급, 계급을 떨어뜨리다 ; promote), dependent, depreciate(appreciate), despise(look down on, scorn ; admire), deviate(어긋나다, 빗나가다 = stray), devour(eat greedily, like an animal) decadent(deteriorating, declining), detour(우회<로> n. v), decompose(separate into its part, decay, decomposition<분해, 부패>), deface, deflower, derive(유래, 파생하다 ; adj.n derivative(파생물, 파생어), derivation<끌어냄, 유래, 기원 = origin, descent, first form and meaning of a word), derail, deform(ruin the form of, cripple, deformation<모양을 망침, 추함, 기형>), debate,
decrease(increase), deflation(inflation), degrade, detach(attach), degrade, deposit(withdrawal), depose(dethrone, deposition <관직박탈, 파면, 폐위>), decelerate(diminish speed ; accelerate, accelerator), depress(내리누르다, 우울하게하다 ; depression), defrost, delay(defer), descend(내려가다, 전해지다, 자손을 잇다 ; descendant),
Underwater Demolition Team
17. DIS : opposite of, differently, apart, away
* “분리”를 뜻하는 접두사 (ab-, de-, dis-, se-)
discontent(불만, 불평 adj), discredit(불신, 의혹, 망신, 불명예), discrepancy(모순, 불일치, 어긋남 = inconsistency), disintegrate(붕괴,분해시키다), dispassionate(냉정한, 공평한 = calm, composed, impartial), disrepair(파손, 황폐), dissent(불찬성, 의견차이), dissident(의견을 달리하는 <사람>, = dissenting), distract(<주의를> 전환시키다, <마음을> 괴롭히다, 산란하게 하다 = divert)
* disagree(This food -s with me.), disappear, disarm(n. disarmanent, a - conference, D- Commission), disbelief(불신, 의혹, 불신앙 v. disbelieve), discharge(n. How long will the - of the cargo take? The - of water from the reservoir is carefully controlled. v. The accused man was found not guilty & was -d. The servant was -d <dismissed> for being dishonest.), disclose(uncover), discomfort(n. 곤란, 불쾌, 불안, 불편 = hardship, vt), disconnect(My phone"s been -ed because I didn"t pay the bill.), dishonor(n.불명예,망신,vt), dishonorable(shameful), disobey(disobedient, disobedience), disease, distrust(n. vt He has a - of foreigners. He -ed his own eyes.), discovery(발견<물>), discount, disembark(embark :get on a ship before the start of its voyage), disengage(separate, detach D- the gears when you park the car.), disfigure(The disease left his face -ed.), dishearten(Don"t be -ed by a single failure.), disregard(vt. n. neglect, ignoring, indifference), disciple, disinterested(not influenced by personal feelings or interests, As a - observer, who do you think is right?), dislocate(disjoint, He -d his shoulder while playing rugby.), dissatisfy(dissatisfaction), disunion(분리,분열,불화=dissension), disorientation, dismount(get off a horse or bicycle), displace (dismiss, discharge, fire, substitute), dissect (절개,해부하다 = analyze), distribute(tribute : 공물 = give), discourage(Don"t let one failure - you. We tried to - him from climbing the mountain without a guide.), dismay(당황, 놀람 : feeling of fear and discouragement, To their - the door was locked. vt.), disorder(n. 무질서,혼란,난잡,병 : confusion,vt), disprove(disproof : 반증,논박,반박) displeasure(불쾌,불만 = dissatisfaction) dispute(n. 논쟁, 언쟁, 싸움 = debate, argument, v)
* compute(computer), impute(책임을 전가하다 = attribute), putative(추정의, 상상의, 소문에 들리는)
18. SE- : apart
secede(<정당,교회등에서> 탈퇴<분리>하다, proceed : 나아가다, 시작<속행>하다), secession(탈퇴, 분리), seclude(차단,격리,은둔하다 = separate, isolate, * include, exclude, conclude), secure(안전한, 튼튼한, 확고한 = confident, safe, * security guard : 경비원), sedition(치안방해, 선동), segregate(분리,격리,차별하다 n. segregation = discrimination)
* separate, separation(분리,이탈,별거), secret(adj, n. secret agent = spy), secretary(서기, 비서, 장관the S- of Defense<State, the Treasury>) segment(단편, 조각, 부분), sect(분파, 종파, 당파,파벌 ; section :부분, 구분, 단락), select(고르다, 선발하다, elect :선거,선출하다, collect, selection :선발, 선택, 도태, 발췌), seduce(adj, seductive :enticing, tempting, n.seduction :유혹, 매혹, 매력)
19. CIRCUM- : around, round
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