티투스 플라미니우스 T i t u s F l a m i n i u s 의 군대가 C y n o c e p h a l a e 언덕의 봉우리에 주둔해있다.
아침일찍 플라미니우스는 정찰병을 보내 C y n o c e p h a l a e 언덕의 지형을 파악하도록 한다.
이틀 후, 정찰병은, 페래 P h e r a e 지역 남쪽에서 마케도니아 M a c e d o n i a n s 군대를 발견했다고 보고한다. 그곳은 플라미니우스가 마케도니아의 필립포스 P h i l i p 과의 기병대 싸움에서 승리를 거둔 곳이다.
플라미니우스는 적군이 가까이 오고 있다고 생각한다.
역시 플라미니우스는 현명하다.
필립포스P h i l i p 는 산능선을 가로질러 팔랑크스 창병들을 배치해두고 있다.
어려운 전투가 될 것이다. 팔랑크스 창병은 뚫기가 너무나 어렵다. 더구나 언덕 위로 거슬러 올라가야만 하는 전투가 아닌가.
하지만, 필립포스 군대의 좌측 측면이 완벽하지 않다. 이쪽으로의 결정적 한방이 치명적이 될 수도 있다.
To arms , then! To the task at hand ! May the strength of the Eagle carry the day !
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Battle of Cynocephalae (197 BC)
By Chris Jones
After the final defeat of Carthage in the Second Punic War at Zama, Rome began to find itself drawn into the internal politics of Greece. Philip V of Macedon had been an ally of Hannibal and despite having done little to help his ally during the war there was a sour feeling in Rome towards those who aided their enemies.
Despite the war-weariness of the Senate and the people of Rome, Titus Quinctius Flaminius managed to get senatorial authority to wage war in Greece. He then invaded Thessaly in 200 B.C. with two legions, including the Cannae legions who had not seen their homes for over 14 years. Philip mobilised his forces and a series of indecisive manoevers followed.
Finally, the two armies ended up camped on opposite sides of a series of rocky ridges with hillocks named Cynocephalae or "Dogs Heads" for their appearance. Philip placed light troops on top of the ridge although he was as yet unaware of the proximity of the Roman forces. The Romans sent out velites and cavalry to recce the slopes and a combat began. The Romans were initially driven off the slopes but were reinforced and drove back their opponents. As the mist began to clear both armies marched out to do battle. The scene was set for a battle pitting two fundamentally different theories of ancient warfare -- phalanx vs. legion. The result of this battle would be decisive. It is a rare example of a true encounter battle.
The Roman forces managed to fully deploy albeit down the slope from the advancing Macedonians. Philip had deployed his left wing while his other wing trailed behind in order of march. Realising that his right wing was dangerously exposed, Philip ordered his left wing phalanx to lower their spears and attack. They drove the Roman right wing down the slope in disarray. Meanwhile the Roman left wing had attacked the disorganised Macedonian right wing and broken it.
At this decisive moment, when victory hung in the balance, a Tribune in the advancing Roman left wing realised the dire position in which the Roman right wing stood, and detached 20 maniples (probably the reserve Triarii) from the left wing to attack the victorious Macedonian phalanx in the rear. This broke the Macedonian left and completed the Roman victory.
The Macedonians lost 8000 killed with 5000 prisoners. Roman losses were about 700. Philip was forced to give up all his possessions in Greece in the subsequent treaty including ancestral lands which had been held by Macedon for generations.
BC323-310, 알렉산더가 젊은 나이에 급사하고(BC323), 이복동생과 아들이 공동정치에 들어가고,
마케도니아 본토는 알렉산더의 원정 중에 안티파트로가 섭정하던 것을 사후도 계속하였다.
BC222-179, 필립포스 5세(재위 BC222-BC179)는 동방진출에 로마와 충돌하였다.
제1차 마케도니아전쟁(BC215-BC205)은 로마와 혈투를 거듭하던 한니발과 동맹을 맺고 로마에
도전하였으나, 결국 승패 없이 끝났다.
제2차 마케도니아전쟁(BC 200-BC 197)은 필리포스 5세가 주위의 여러 도시에 압력을 가하자,
이들 도시는 로마에 구원을 요청하여 일어났다.
로마는 키노스케팔라이전투에서 필리포스의 군대를 격파하여, 그리스 여러 도시에 대한 마케도니아의
패권을 포기시켰다.
제3차 마케도니아전쟁(BC171-BC168)은 필리포스의 아들 페르세우스가 잃은 패권을 되찾으려 하다가
BC168년 로마에 패하여 포로로 잡혀가 대제국은 얼마가지 못하고 멸망하였다.
첫댓글 동영상 보고싶다..
즛! 알렉산더... 인생 뭐 있냐~?