마풍수속(麻瘋樹屬, Jatropha 자트로파속 Nettlespurges)

마풍수속(麻瘋樹屬, Jatropha 자트로파속 Nettlespurges) 大戟科(Euphorbiaceae) 麻瘋樹屬(Jatropha 麻風樹屬)자트로파(Jatropha)는 팽이과에 속하는 속씨식물로, netlespurge라고도 불린다.nettlespurgeEtymology-From nettle +‎ spurge.Noun-nettlespurge: A plant of the genus Jatropha.Derived terms-goutystalk nettlespurge약 170종의 다육식물, 관목, 나무를 포함하고 있는데, 대부분이 아메리카가 원산지이며, 수꽃과 암꽃을 따로 생산한다. 많은 에우포르비아과와 마찬가지로, 자트로파는 독성이 강한 화합물을 포함하고 있다. 자트로파 종은 전통적으로 바구니 제작, 태닝, 염료 생산에 사용되어 왔는데, 2000년대에 들어, Jatropa curcas라는 종이 바이오디젤 생산을 위한 작물로서 관심을 불러일으켰다. 바이오디젤 원료로의 개량에서 독성 화합물이 적은 Jatropa curcas 변종이 선택적으로 번식되었다.Jatropha is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.The name is derived from the Greek words ἰατρός (iatros), meaning "physician", and τροφή (trophe), meaning "nutrition", hence the common name physic nut. Another common name is nettlespurge.It contains approximately 180 species of succulent plants, shrubs and trees (some are deciduous, like Jatropha curcas). Most of these are native to the Americas, with 66 species found in the Old World. Plants produce separate male and female flowers. As with many members of the family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha contains compounds that are highly toxic. Jatropha species have traditionally been used in basketmaking, tanning and dye production. In the 2000s, one species, Jatropha curcas, generated interest as an oil crop for biodiesel production and also medicinal importance when used as lamp oil; native Mexicans in the Veracruz area developed by selective breeding a Jatropha curcas variant lacking the toxic compounds, yielding a better income when used as source for biodiesel, because of its edible byproduct. Toxicity may return if edible Jatropha is pollinated by toxic types.UsesFurther information: Jatropha curcas § UsesThe stems of haat (Jatropha cuneata) are used for basketmaking by the Seri people in Sonora, Mexico. The stems are roasted, split and soaked through an elaborate process. The reddish dye that is often used is made from the root of another plant species, Krameria grayi. Spicy jatropha (J. integerrima) is cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics for its continuously blooming crimson flowers. Buddha belly plant (J. podagrica) was used to tan leather and produce a red dye in Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is also used as a house plant.The oil from Jatropha curcas is mainly converted into biodiesel for use in diesel engines. The cake resulting from oil extraction, a protein-rich product, can be used for fish or animal feed (if detoxified). It is also a biomass feedstock to power electricity plants or to produce biogas, and a high-quality organic fertilizer.In 2007, Goldman Sachs cited Jatropha curcas as one of the best candidates for future biodiesel production. It is resistant to drought and pests, and produces seeds containing 27-40% oil, averaging 34.4%. The remaining press cake of jatropha seeds after oil extraction could also be considered for energy production.[10] However, despite their abundance and use as oil and reclamation plants, none of the Jatropha species have been properly domesticated and, as a result, their productivity is variable, and the long-term impact of their large-scale use on soil quality and the environment is unknown. 2009 research found that Jatropha biodiesel production requires significantly more water than other common biofuel crops, and that initial yield estimates were high. Earlier, higher estimates from Worldwatch Institute had suggested that 1 acre of cultivation could yield 202 gallons (4.8 barrels) of biodiesel.Jatropha curcas is also being studied for use as a carbon sequestration plant in arid regions.ToxicityMuch like other members of the family Euphorbiaceae, members of the genus Jatropha contain several toxic compounds. The seeds of Jatropha curcas contain toxic lectin dimers and carcinogenic phorbol esters. Despite this, the seeds are occasionally eaten after roasting, which reduces some of the toxicity. Its sap is a skin irritant, and ingesting as few as three untreated seeds can be fatal to humans. In 2005, Western Australia banned Jatropha gossypiifolia as invasive and highly toxic to people and animals. It continues to be used as a medicine in certain geographic regions; however one study found the dried leaf to have no anti-fungal activity. Selected speciesMain article: List of Jatropha speciesJatropha bullockii E.J.LottJatropha cathartica Terán & Berland. – Berlandier's nettlespurgeJatropha chamelensis Pérez-JiménezJatropha costaricensis G.L.Webster & PovedaJatropha curcas L. – physic nut, piñoncillo, habb-el-melúkJatropha dioica Sessé – leatherstemJatropha elliptica (Pohl) OkenJatropha gossypiifolia L. – bellyache bushJatropha integerrima Jacq. – spicy jatropha, called in Chinese "ri ri ying", which means "every-day-flowered cherry blossom"마타피아 마타피아(Jatropha integerrima)는 대극과에 속하는 상록 관목으로 봄부터 늦가을까지 붉은색 꽃이 끊임없이 피어나는 아열대성 식물입니다. 원산지는 쿠바와 서인도 제도 등 카리브해 연안 지역이며 유통명으로 '자트로파', '페레그리나(Peregrina)'로도 알려져 있습니다. 조건만 맞으면 일년 내내 붉은색 또는 짙은 분홍색 꽃이 피고지기를 반복한다. 나무 전체에 독성(쿠르신 성분)이 있어서 줄기나 잎이 부러졌을 때 나오는 하얀 수액이 피부에 닿으면 알레르기나 염증을 유발할 수 있다. 잎은 바이올린 모양이거나 3개로 갈라진 형태 등 개체에 따라 다양한 모양을 가진다.마타피아를 다른 이름으로 叶珊瑚花、琴叶樱、南洋樱이며 잎사귀는 거문고 즉 琴을 닮았고 꽃은 벚꽃 樱花를 닮아서 붙여진 이름인데 다르게는 日日樱이라고도 합니다. 日日樱은 일본의 벚꽃을 연상하게 되는 이름이다. 금엽산호 琴叶珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima日日樱(ri ri ying, 学名: Jatropha pandurifolia 或 Jatropha integerrima), 在部分地区因其花期极长又被称为“四季樱”或“南洋樱”。它是一种常绿灌木, 因其花朵精致形似樱花, 且几乎全年不间断开花而得名。Jatropha macrantha Mull. Arg – Huanarpo macho or Peruvian ViagraJatropha moranii Dehgan & G.L.WebsterJatropha multifida L. – coralbushJatropha nudicaulis Benth.Jatropha podagrica Hook. – Buddha belly plant, bottleplant shrubJatropha rivae PaxJatropha unicostata Balf.f.분류 체계Kingdom: Plantae// Clade: Embryophytes// Clade: Tracheophytes// Clade: Spermatophytes// Clade: Angiosperms// Clade: Eudicots// Clade: Rosids// Order: Malpighiales// Family: Euphorbiaceae// Subfamily: Crotonoideae// Tribe: Jatropheae// Genus: Jatropha L.