preconceived assumptions

[Christopher kim]

어처구니없는 편견 때문에

영어 이야기 1971 

preconceived

[ priˌkənsiˈvd ]
선입견의

우리는 아기의 첫돌을 아주 성대하게 축하한다

그리고 돌잔치 상에 놓은 여러가지 물건들 가운데

어떤 것을 고르는 것에 따라 마치 일생을 어떻게 살지 '예견'하고 있다

필구 도구, 돈, 실 등을 주로 놓았었는데

요즈음은 의사의 청진기도 등장했다

또 아기의 생김새를 보면서

몸이 아주 튼튼하게 보이면 '장군감'이라 하고

좀 약하게 보이는 어린이는 '학자'가 될 것이라고 생각하는 편이다

이런 것들이 모두 '편견'임을 아느지 모르는지 ~

it is idiotically wrong to have PRECONCEIVED notions about a baby's appearances.

.아기의 겉모습에 대해 선입견을 갖는 것은 

멍청한 잘못이다

좀 한심한 것은 그릇된 편견이 옳지 못하다는 것을 면서도 

We human beings just can't let go of PRECONCEIVED notions

우리 인간들은 선입견을 그냥 놓을 수 없다 

나는 비교적 체구가 큰 편이어서인지

'목사 같아 보이지 않는다'는 말을 많이 들었다

I haven't been influenced by PRECONCEIVED opinion of me.

나는 나에 대해 선입관을 갖고 있다고 해서 영향을 받지 않아왔다

preconceive 는 pre (before) + conceive (임신하다) 로 되어있어서

혼전 임심이라는 오해를 받는 낱말이다

그러나 preconceive 는 pre (미리) + con (함께) + capere (잡고있다) 이므로

미리 힘을 합채 잡고 있다는 긴 뜻이 그 낱말의 뿌리이다

이미 여러 사람들의 생각이 같다는 긴 뜻이다.

선입관은 그래서 종종 '진실'보다 더 많은 사람들이 좇는 낱말이기도 하다

인간은 모두 만족 보다 불만 하운데 살고 있는데

Frustration is the emotion we feel when our expectations are thwarted.
The first steps to managing frustration are recognizing the frustration and understanding

what preconceived expectations led to the feeling.

불만 (또는 절망)은 우리가 기대한 것이 좌절될 대 느끼며

 그 불만을 다스리는 첫 단계는 

(이미 찾아온) 불만을 인식하고 어떤 선입견이

그 감정을 이끌어냈는지 이해하는 것이다

(Psychology Today, August 4, 2022)

 Don't have PRECONCEIVED opinion of yourself as well as one of others

당신 다른 사람에 대한 편견은 물론 당신 자신에 대한 것도 갖지 말라

(Aug 4)
Philosophers and psychologists alike tell us our preconceived assumptions about ourselves and the world shape happiness and success.

우리 부부가 가진 '원칙' 가운데 하나는

누군가의 '강력한 추천'을 받은 식당에서 실망을 많이 했다는 것이다.

My wife and I visit well-known restaurants without preconceived ideas of what we should eat.

내 아내와 나는 우리가 무엇을 먹어야할지에 대한

편견없이 잘 알려진 식당을 찾는다

Do you have

(see con-), + combining form of capere "to take" (from PIE root *kap- "to grasp").

preconceived opinion

PRECONCEIVED notion

My friend, drop all of your preconceived fixed ideas and be neutral.

Some folks just can't let go of preconceived notions.

Many guests visit well-known restaurants with preconceived ideas of what they should eat.

We started from scratch with no preconceived ideas.

준비없이

I know it is idiotically wrong to have preconceived notions about looks.

Tourists forget their preconceived ideas as soon as they visit our country.

It was good she didn't have preconceived ideas about me.

He was influenced by preconceived ideas

Maybe he had preconceived ideas about me.

 it fits your preconceived notion of what American food is.

He had a preconceived notion of what a messiah should be like.

 people had some preconceived ideas about actors and actresses having to be beautiful

I had no preconceived notions of what it would be like. 
George S. Everly, Jr. PhD, ABPP, FACLP
When Disaster Strikes: Inside Disaster Psychology
SELF-ESTEEM
Your New Superpower: Harnessing Emppreowering Assumptions
You can change your life by changing your assumptions about yourself and others.
Posted March 9, 2023
Reviewed by Lybi Ma

KEY POINTS
Frustration is the emotion we feel when our expectations are thwarted.

The first steps to managing frustration are recognizing the frustration and understanding what preconceived expectations led to the feeling.(Aug 4)
Philosophers and psychologists alike tell us our preconceived assumptions about ourselves and the world shape happiness and success.
Studies in optimism and human resilience reveal some assumptions appear to empower, while others inhibit.

preconceive (v.)

"form a conception, notion, or idea of in advance of actual knowledge," 1570s, from pre- "before" + conceive. Related: Preconceived; preconceiving; preconceit.

Entries linking to preconceive

pre- 

word-forming element meaning "before," from Old French pre- and Medieval Latin pre-, both from Latin prae (adverb and preposition) "before in time or place," from PIE *peri- (source also of Oscan prai, Umbrian pre, Sanskrit pare "thereupon," Greek parai "at," Gaulish are- "at, before," Lithuanian prie "at," Old Church Slavonic pri "at," Gothic faura, Old English fore "before"), extended form of root *per- (1) "forward," hence "beyond, in front of, before."

The Latin word was active in forming verbs. Also see prae-. Sometimes in Middle English muddled with words in pro- or per-.

conceive (v.)

late 13c., conceiven, "take (seed) into the womb, become pregnant," from stem of Old French conceveir (Modern French concevoir), from Latin concipere (past participle conceptus) "to take in and hold; become pregnant" (source also of Spanish concebir, Portuguese concebre, Italian concepere), from con-, here perhaps an intensive prefix (see con-), + combining form of capere "to take" (from PIE root *kap- "to grasp").

Meaning "take into the mind, form a correct notion of" is from mid-14c., that of "form as a general notion in the mind" is from late 14c., figurative senses also found in the Old French and Latin words. Related: Conceived; conceiving.

Harnessing empowering assumptions about yourself can change your psychological health and your life.
FaithGiant/ Pixabay
FaithGiant/ Pixabay
Did you ever hear the notion that everyone has their own reality? Did you ever wonder what makes optimists so happy? Did you ever wonder why some people are so self-assured and self-confident? Psychologically speaking, the manner in which we experience life is greatly shaped by the preconceived assumptions we hold about ourselves, others, and the environment in which those experiences occur. These assumptions are worldviews and are the virtual lens through which we understand and interpret everything we encounter in life. They consist of an inextricable and deeply seeded combination of thoughts and emotions. They can be different for different people, even for identical twins. That is why two people can experience a similar event and yet be affected very differently. Another name for these deterministic assumptions is Weltanshuung.

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Though Immanuel Kant first wrote about them, it was the philosopher William James who popularized them in the 1890s. They greatly influenced his formulation of the nature of human psychology. Assumptive worldviews play a critical role in determining your happiness, and possibly success. Optimists assume there is a silver lining in every cloud. They insist on seeing the positive side of life, even during and after failure. People with high self-esteem assume that they will be happy and successful, even if it takes a while to get there. They exude self-confidence. Simply said, if you can change your assumptions, you can improve your life.

Harness Assumptive Worldviews
Worldviews can be valuable. They help us define success, failure, happiness, and disappointment. They determine how hard we will work at any given endeavor. Some worldviews are constructive, but others may be counterproductive. Cognitive therapists argue that your assumptions and interpretations determine your mental health. Cognitive therapy often consists of discovering assumptions that are counter-productive. It also consists of identifying assumptions that can empower. You can unleash a new "superpower" by harnessing worldviews that empower. You can learn to do what people with optimism and self-confidence do naturally.

Eight Empowering Worldviews
Listed below are eight empowering assumptive worldviews that I have seen recurring in my studies of highly resilient people (Everly, Strouse, & McCormack, 2015; Everly and Athey, 2023). Consider each to see how they might help you change your life.

Fortitude is more important than aptitude. Even if you were not born with great aptitude, strength of mind, magnitude of effort, and tenacity can shape your destiny.
The journey of life does not have to be planned. Your pursuit of a rewarding life is often a journey into the unknown. The most exciting part of that journey may be preparing yourself for the opportunities life is holding for you of which you are unaware and that might not even currently exist.
It's okay to be vulnerable. The attempt to control all things in your life is a fool’s errand. The psychological vulnerability that comes with being out of control can be a strength as it allows you to explore things outside of your limited span of control.
Divergent thoughts should be welcomed as they can instruct you in the wide varieties of “reality” and in doing so can stimulate innovation. Only listening to the voices that affirm your preconceived conclusions stifles your growth.
Psychological growth is best promoted through adversity. As a muscle grows stronger with challenge, so too does the human mind and spirit. Protecting people from challenge, stress, and all adversity stifles growth and happiness. The notion of inherent human fragility is a myth.
Beware of intuition, it can be wrong more times than it is correct. Intuition is recognition based. If your lived experiences are limited so too will be the accuracy of your intuition.
Who you know matters. Cultivate genuine friendships. Quality supersedes quantity. Supportive relationships are the best predictor of human resilience.
Identify your strengths, then identify your weaknesses. Then tenaciously turn strengths into extraordinary strengths. Do not waste time trying to turn weaknesses into mediocre strengths.
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It has been said there is no such thing as reality absent your interpretation. Interpretations are based on assumptions. Change your assumptions and change your life.

© George S. Everly, Jr., Ph.D., 2023.

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