번역중 [Justpeace News #18] 분쟁변환 개념

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Center for Justpeace in Asia

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Justpeace News

Vol.: 1 No: 18
    Date:  October 2003

Website:  http://daga.dhs.org/justpeace
To subscribe or unsubscribe send an email to:   justpeace@daga.org.hk">justpeace@daga.org.hk

===============Internal Links================
1.  Introduction
2.  Important Websites
3.  Adivasi Land Rights
4.  Quotes
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(Note:   Due to a heavy travel schedule, Justpeace News has not been produced for more than a month.  The editor apologizes for this.  This short issue will get us back in touch and very soon a more detailed issue will come out highlighting a variety of justice and peace related activities that have taken place during the past few weeks.)

1.  INTRODUCTION

CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION

Three terms appear regularly in documents related to solving conflicts: a) conflict management, b) conflict resolution and c) conflict transformation. The definitions below may be useful in identifying the differences in these terms.

1. Conflict management is practiced by those who view violent conflicts as something in our society that can never be eliminated. They believe that violent conflict is the consequence of differences of values and interests within and between communities. The tendency to violence comes from the institutions (political, economic, social) that already exist and from the historical relationships between different groups in the society. The distribution of power, which is almost always very unequal, also causes violent conflict.

Those who use conflict management believe that resolving conflicts is unrealistic: the best that can be done is to manage and contain them, and occasionally to reach a historic compromise in which violence may be laid aside and normal politics resumed. Conflict management is the art of appropriate intervention to achieve political settlements, particularly by those powerful actors having the power and resources to bring pressure on the conflicting parties in order to induce them to settle. It is also the art of designing appropriate institutions to guide the inevitable conflict into appropriate channels.

Rather than advocating methods for removing conflict, this approach addresses the more realistic question of managing conflict: how to deal with it in a constructive way, how to bring opposing sides together in a cooperative process, how to design a practical, achievable, cooperative system for the constructive management of difference.

2. Conflict resolution is quite different. Those who use this approach reject this 'power political' view of conflict, arguing instead that in communal and identity conflicts, people cannot compromise on their fundamental needs. However, they argue that it is possible to transcend conflicts if parties can be helped to explore, analyse, question and reframe their positions and interests. Conflict resolution therefore emphasises intervention by skilled but powerless third parties working unofficially with the parties to foster new thinking and new relationships. They seek to explore what the roots of the conflict really are and to identify creative solutions that the parties may have missed in their commitment to entrenched positions. Conflict resolution is about how parties can move from zero-sum, destructive patterns of conflict to positive-sum constructive outcomes. The aim is to develop "processes of conflict resolution that appear to be acceptable to parties in dispute, and effective in resolving conflict"

3. Conflict transformation theorists argue that contemporary conflicts require more than the reframing of positions and the identification of win-win outcomes. The very structure of parties and relationships may be embedded in a pattern of conflictual relationships that extend beyond the particular site of conflict. Conflict transformation is therefore a process of engaging with and transforming the relationships, interests, discourses and, if necessary, the very constitution of society that supports the continuation of violent conflict. Constructive conflict is seen as a vital agent or catalyst for change. People within the conflict parties, within the society or region affected, and outsiders with relevant human and material resources all have complementary roles to play in the long-term process of peacebuilding. This suggests a comprehensive and wide-ranging approach, emphasising support for groups within the society in conflict rather than for the mediation of outsiders. It also recognises that conflicts are transformed gradually, through a series of smaller or larger changes as well as specific steps by means of which a variety of actors may play important roles.

Conflict transformation requires seeking the root causes of the conflict by studying the history and culture of the conflict. Thus, if the roots of a local conflict are international in nature, then efforts must also be made to bring about transformation at the international level. For example, economic conflicts in a rural village may be linked to investments by trans-national corporations made possible by the process of globalization. In this case, the issue of globalization must also be addressed with the goal of transforming the globalization process into a more democratic economic policy.

(Adapted from "The Berghof Handbook of Conflict Transformation" found at http://www.berghof-handbook.net/index.html

2.  IMPORTANT WEBSITES

MANAV ASTITWA is a new biweekly e-journal about Dalit issues in Nepal, initiated by the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) in collaboration with Feminist Dalit Organisation (FEDO). MANAV ASTITWA intends to bring articles and cases relating to the human rights problems faced by marginalized communities in Nepal, especially Dalits.  The e-journal can be viewed at http://www.ahrchk.net/ma/

Very informative piece on Islam in Iraq may be found at http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr108.html

Also from the US Peace Institute there is a very helpful collection of links to Iraq resources.  http://www.usip.org/library/regions/iraq.html

An inter-religious petition for peace can be found at http://www.santegidio.org/en/ecumenismo/uer/2003/form_appel.htm

An alarming article about the mass media and misinformation can be found at:   http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=16892

3.  ADIVASI LAND RIGHTS

There is an ongoing struggle of Adivasi Land Rights in Puntamba for the last few years. Couple of years ago two adivasi activists of the movement were shot dead by the police. Buring of huts and similar action is going on for some years. All these are done with the intension to take away the land being cultivated by people for many years. Even the state assembly had passed Act for the legal regularisation of it. The of course is a gross violation of human rights. People are again on indefinate hunger strike from 6th October onwards.

For more information, contact Goldy M. George, Dalit Study Circle, Karbala Para, Behind State Bank of Indore, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India 492001. dalitstudycircle@rediffmail.com">dalitstudycircle@rediffmail.com  

4.  QUOTES

"Be the change that you are working for"
Ms. Sharon Rose Joy Ruiz-Duremdes, GS, National Council of Churches in the Philippines

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