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- To die is our common destiny.
- To fly is fun for a while.
- To stand up for the rights of the underprivileged is admirable.
- To drive a car properly requires practice and a respect for the rights of others.
To leave for a vacation is my only wish at this time.
. . . as direct objects: 목적어
- Do you want to rest?
- Children like to run and play.
- She tried to read a good book.
- Would you prefer to go to a movie today or to eat out tomorrow?
I need to confess something:
If even a few days go by /without me replying to you, I start to worry.
You might wish to act as a teacher.
I want to go home early today.
I hope to be chosen as a member.
I prefer to go there earlier.
You need to consider various rules in writing sentences.
He paces /back and forth, trying to work up the courage/ to jump.
목/명역 형역
Don’t forget not to make grammar mistakes.
직목의 경우
. . . as predicate nominatives: 보어
- Their goal will be to survive.
- Her job was to hire the best people available.
- To strive is to succeed.
A common mistake in a relationship is not to trust the other person.
[The most difficult, important, and wonderful task of all] is [to teach our kids /to trust their heavenly Father /even more /than they depend on Dad]. 보어 teach 의직목
. . . as appositives: 동격/진주어
- It was not my idea [to leave early].
(to leave early was not my idea)
- Sometimes it is necessary [to stand and fight].
It appears [to be a mistake].
It is very difficult for parents [to ask their children for forgiveness]. They feel that it somehow damages their authority [to admit () they have done wrong and promise to do better next time]. But I (jcd) believe it is healthy for a mom and dad [to model for a child how to apologize /when they have done something wrong].
. . . as objects of the prepositions except and but: 전치사의 목적
- Nothing remained except to fold our tents and go home.
- The waiter did everything but pay the bill. (an infinitive without to)
- Do you really have nothing to do except disturb others?(another "to-less" infinitive)
. . . as objective complements (the infinitive is often "to-less" to 없는 ): 원형부정사/사역동사의 목보
- She made them [stay after school].
- He heard someone [come in the back door].
- We watched the red sun [sink below the horizon].
- He seemed to have all his ducks in a row.
- One contestant appears to lack self-confidence.
- The Royal Library of Alexandria is thought to have contained more than 500,000 books.
- This is said to be the best Vietnamese restaurant in town.
I cannot wait /to see the expression on his face when he hears the news.
자동사 뒤에 결과설명으로 쓰임
It is time /to move on. (it = 때에 쓰는 특별한 경우의 주어)
I am young enough to change my habits.
Are you prepared to explain this disaster?
You are required to leave all your belongings here.
Be sure to check if you have tickets.
"The specific images presented on film are often hard to remember in the same way that dreams are hard to remember."
"I'm Luke Skywalker. I'm here to rescue you."
"I'm honored to be the first woman to have the opportunity to command the shuttle."
He is eager to please everyone.
동사 수식; 부역 부정사구
To be mentally healthy, you must read books.
I came /to see a doctor today.
I need to take three more classes /to finish my graduate study.
I got closer to the speaker /to listen clearly.
We had an opportunity /to watch the fireworks.
This itch to have things over again, as if life were a film that could be unrolled twice or even made to work backwards . . . was it possibly the root of all evil?
1. Make integrity [the benchmark of your life].5형식
2. Peace makes [the decision /to resolve conflict] / before conflict comes.3형식
According to conventional geology, these microbe colonies existed /on the heels of a period /when Earth was undergoing
heavy asteroid bombardment, making it virtually uninhabitable. This early date, adds The Times, “leaves comparatively little time for evolution to have occurred…”
부정사의 동작자/의미상의 주어
In a peculiar construction, for is used as an expletive to introduce an infinitive phrase used as (1) a subject, (2) a direct object,(3) a predicate nominative, or (4) an appositive. Such infinitive phrases have subjects.
부정사의 동작자 (의미상의 주어) 명시가 필요한 경우 "for + 동작자"로 쓰며
단지 부정사의 동작자를 표시하려 쓰기에 문장내에서의 다른 역할은 없으므로 허사라 한다 보임
- (1) For us to deny our common humanity would be harmful to society. (subject of infinitive: us)
- (2) The old man does not like for others to do his work for him. (subject of infinitive: others)
- (3) The plan was for him to read the script first.(subject of infinitive: him)
- (4) It is essential to the success of the company for all employees to contribute their time and talents. (subject of infinitive:employees)
Underline the infinitive phrase in each sentence. Then indicate on the line before the sentence if the infinitive phrase is used as a noun (N), adjective (ADJ), or adverb (ADVB).
Exercise Directions:
Write down the infinitive phrase in each sentence and tell how it is
used (as either a noun, adjective, or adverb). 1. You have two
choices, to stay or to go.
2. Bill tried to warn them of the problem.
3. Jim had no choice except to resign from the position.
4. The child was afraid to tell the truth.
5. The teachers came to offer their service.
6. Joan had a scheme to make money.
7. I sat down to rest.
8. Ginger and her sister's plan was to see a lawyer.
9. The scouts stopped to buy some supplies.
10. The boss asked me to send the message to her brother.
목적보어에서 생략된 "to be"
One
way of thinking about such expression!s is to think of them as
infinitive clauses that have lost a be. These would be clausal nominals
rather like that-clause with a normal tensed verb:
(17) (a) She considered George (to be) a dork.
(b) She considered that George was a dork.
(18) (a) She considered George (to be) silly.
(b) She considered that George was silly.
*********************명사적 역할 부정사********************************
주어
It is possible [to start a home-based business]
it doesn't feel good to be on the receiving end.
보어
So
the best thing to do is to stay out of the argument and go somewhere
else in the house to get away from the fighting or arguing.
The idea is [to use the polish to smooth out the scratch]
The best way to avoid being a part of the gossip mill in your school is to steer clear of kids who gossip.
목적
Intending [to dash in and pick up some sodas], she left her keys and cell phone on the seat.
Kraus wanted [to see if he could stand].
In fact, 75% of kids said they expected to still hang out with their brothers or sisters even when they're grownups.
the 38-year-old businessman and amateur daredevil pilot apparently tried [to fake his death in a plane crash],
McAninch changed his mind and decided [to send Tammi out once more to get the phone.]
Then he started [to pace.]
Tammi was trying [to get to know him.]
There are plenty of men and women trying [to revive the enterprise].
I can't afford [to move."]
They also make it hard for law enforcement [to track them down.]
Overpayment scams are frequently used [to rip-off people selling things online or via newspaper ads.]
The
fraudster agrees [to pay the asking price] but he always wants [to send
a check for thousands of dollars more than that amount.]
And he’ll have some reason for you /to wire transfer the difference to someone.
For
example, with a car purchase you could be told the extra money is for a
shipping company that will pick up the vehicle. It’s a lie!
you need [to pay some money first]
A growing number of companies promise [to help people drowning in debt.]
They “guarantee” [to lower your monthly credit card payments and get collection agencies off your back]
and even strongly euro-skeptic Britain are beginning [to reconsider the question.]
"Don't expect [to go up there and find that lost Boy Scout in the woods],
You've had an amazing career, yet you don't seem [to be thinking at all about your work.]
the new treatment started [to fail.]
As the bar's business slowed and he started [to fall behind on mortgage payments], his Graceland began losing value.
She tried [to maintain an appearance of calm.]
Pausch acknowledged his disease but refused [to dwell on it].
Our idea is [to create a compact, affordable system that will protect me and my friends],
When I was being attacked that day, maybe they were trying [to protect their young or acting on instinct.]
/To add to her frustration, the bank claimed Karen had failed [to come in to view the surveillance video.]
She tried [to convince the woman to wait for the police.]
asked this reporter [to meet him outside London's Tate Modern art museum]
Angelo had applied ---to join--- the police force near his home town in southwest Florida. 목적
I wanted ---to die. 목적
Suicide is a topic everyone prefer [to avoid]. 목적
Teachers can help them by getting them [to be more realistic about results], 목보?
Teachers can help them learn [to take risks in an atmosphere where they feel confident about doing so].”
She refused [to talk about her mom's death].
It is the way I get [to know that place.]
You are willing [to sign up for an account].
You want [to know how far you have walked].
When attending a party, offer [to bring a plate].
He
also said EU-leaders' swift response in agreeing [to pour billions of
new capital and loan guarantees in their financial systems boosted
confidence in the euro.]
We entered in the euro area, we had integrated finances with other foreign countries, which made it easier /to invest abroad,
***주어로 부정사가 오는경우 보통 가주어 it 를 쓰고 부정사는 뒤에 오게한다
it's hard [to say that's because of the chemo] when you have kids who have inherited their dad's usual energy level.
It all happened too fast for him /to feel the effect of the G forces
It took us about six months [to walk to the Ivory Coast.] 진주어
It takes three days on average [to post the money to your account.]
It's easy [to misjudge portion sizes.]
It was hard [to look at]
"It was hard [to tell what belonged to what.]
It
took ten minutes for a beach patrol crew, traversing the steep dunes in
a four-wheel-drive pickup, [to transport Endris to an ambulance.]
For Arpaio, it was hard [to see a down side to accepting (동명사) the free resources.]
it was a big deal [to swim the four and a half miles]
It's hard [to raise awareness of pancreatic cancer]-people who get it don't live long enough.
it's a tangible thing that will be good for people who'd find it hard [to say goodbye]; it=to say goodbye
It's important for people in a family to be able to tell each other how they feel and what they think, even when they disagree.
I wouldn't choose [to die at 47], but I've had a hell of a life.
Worry from arguments can even make it hard for a kid to go to sleep or go to school.
[To lose it] would be terrible.
I try [to do many things like that]
millions of kids will learn [to program computers and have fun.]
we decided [to move from Pittsburgh to Virginia]
all these people wanted [to help us].
Sorry, we can't afford [to give out free toasters anymore.]
Don't try [to overhaul your diet overnight].
she needs to make some changes, too.
I would also like to change the way I do not include her in some of my things,
even if it doesn't last all day, agree to have some rules about what's OK and what's not OK when you argue.
"because he and I are very much alike and it was meant to be true love."
******************* 형용사적 역할 부정사 ******************
Those are really good things for Caitlin /to work on.
The best way /to avoid being a part of the gossip mill in your school is to steer clear of kids who gossip.
If the argument has anything /to do with the kids, kids might think they have caused their parents to argue and fight.
The
aviation buff had convinced dozens of active and retired Delta Air
Lines pilots [to allow him /to manage their retirement accounts.]
Eventually, you will be in a better position /to accomplish things down the road.
he convinced a group of pilots opposed to Delta's move /to terminate their pension plan /to let him help.
Take the time [to find a reputable credit counselor]
She hopes whoever finds him will treat him well and give him a chance /to explain what he did and why.
She (had to find) a way /to convince him not [to take her with him.
the requirement /to cut government debt before joining gave political leaders the backbone /to make economic reforms
but place the blame on EU requirements.
he didn't need instruments /to know this.
the euro's appeal has been its ability /to provide a sense of stability and shelter from the storm of global crises.
Smaller
countries such as Iceland, which has stayed out of the EU, and EU
member Hungary, which hasn't yet met the requirements /to join the euro,
have seen their currencies sink in value and been forced /to ask the
International Monetary Fund for bailouts.
They just didn't have the good fortune /to be a professional lecturer.
they all had something /to do
But this cancer isn't a pretty way /to go
Right now, me walking at sea level is like you walking at 5,000 feet. But that's a small price /to pay.
Randy Pausch had less than six months /to live.
I want people [to know how truly remarkable dolphins are], 부정사, 5 형식, 목보
Even
as a child, she could get these no-nonsense animals [to do tricks] //no
one in her family could, like make them line up and roll over.
***Another way to analaze the sentence with object+부정사; 목적어 + 부정사 전체를 하나의 목적으로 보기***
he (주어) didn't want (동사) [his wife to be disappointed in herself] 목적
Hoping [to do his part to protect them], he joined several organizations dedicated to their preservation.
With no money /to cover checks, she couldn't pay her bills,
Her
overdraft protection plan had automatically deducted another $1,200
from savings /to cover the shortfall after the thief (had cleaned out)
the checking account.
a representative turned the computer screen around for her /to see,
You're not the first person /to say that about her
Fog started [to roll in] as Pugh headed for the final marker,
One of Pugh's first big attempts /to put his cold-water skills to the test nearly ended in disaster.
But that was only half the story of Pugh's unusual ability /to withstand cold.
Once he's in the water, he can suppress any urge /to get out." 물에만 들어가면 물에서 나오고 싶은 충동을 억제할 수 있다
you'll have something /to snack on without feeling guilty.
I had to find a way ---/to put my feet on the floor in the morning. way 수식
It gives me a reason /to get up.
they would do anything /to keep her safe.
We don't have manpower /to count it.
With stacks of deposits /to process, we look at account names, not dates.
A bank has right /to pay itself back out of your next deposit for any fees or overdraft loans that you owe.
It is a hard habit /to break.
Here are 20 simple ways /to beat weight gain.
Use a soft cloth /to rub a couple of drops of Brasso into the disc until the scratch is almost gone.(형역)
The
plastic sleeves of some poorly made wallets have been known /to melt
and adhere to CDs after several hours of exposure to the hot sun.주격보어
If
you allow yourself --to eat whatever you want for 2 meals out of every
21, you won't inflict enough damage --to subvert your weight loss. 명 or
형역?
Use the time /to tackle an item on your to-do list
When you eat dinner out, reduce the temptation /to clean your plate by setting aside one-third of your meal.
Make a conscious choice /to sit down and savor (enjoy) every bite.
Protein also requires a few more calories /to digest.
We may make it into a commercial /to air during the Academy Awards.
There wasn't time /to be scared.
but first he needed money /to spruce up the home he already owned.
I think he'd do anything /to get away.
That's a funny thing to think about.
***She (had to find) a way /to convince (형역) him not /to take her with him.(명역, convince 의 목적)
*****************부사적 역할 부정사**************************
동사 수식
She talks to him to show she cares.
She gives out lots of hugs to show she cares.
The
events of the past few days *appear /to be a last, desperate gambit by a
man who had fallen from great heights and (was about to hit) bottom. 숙어
Deputies *followed footprints in the snow /to find the man about 190 yards from his house,
assistant manager Terrie Franks *(had to go out) /to apply deicer spray.
that's not stopping him from *skipping town at the end of the week /to spend a couple of months in Nevada and Arizona.
He carefully *opens up a beautifully bound book /to show off photos of a boat
You can *use other products in a similar fashion /to smooth out the scratches on your discs.
The police moved /to scoop her up
You pretend to forget what comes next in the trick?
[Pretending /to be someone else] is a big part of his job.
Infinitive complement; 동사 수식 고로 부사역할 한글 문법의 본동사와 보조동사의 관계와 유사함; 부정사는 main verb 에 추가적 의미 부가
Infinitive complement
I refer, of course, to what Labor (pretends to believe) are the Government's plans for the National Health Service.
An
expletive construction, along with its attendant “To be” verb, can
often be eliminated to good effect. Simply omit the construction, find
the real subject of the sentence, and allow it to do some real work with
a real verb.
Then the negotiator settled into a long conversation calculated /to keep McAninch calm. (분사 calcurated 수식)
Southern Nevada social services have struggled(vi) /to keep pace with need.
/To start your work-at-home business you’ll need [to pay for instructions or a list of contacts].
Don’t pay /to apply for money or credit.
But Matsui walked, and Robinson Cano was hit by a pitch to load the bases.
************ 형용사 수식 *************
some have suggested she's just too old /to be a cocktail waitress.
we're ready /to deal with."
"Do you want this food enough to wear it? (뺨에 붙여 놨니?)
modern faucets are pretty easy /to fix
It helps that he has one of those faces that are easy /to forget.
This one may be harder /to forget.
DVDs are still more susceptible /to damage by scratches and mishandling than CDs.
Tammi was close enough to him /to grab his gun,
he is himself and "good to talk to and share your feelings with."
He is very fun to be around."
He couldn't pretend /to know what was in her mind or heart or body any more.
She pretended /to understand, in order not to appear ignorant.
Tony Blair would not even have to pretend /to listen to anybody but an inner circle of rich men and toadies.
Sweden
is in mourning. Losing the Renoirs was a shock, but the Rembrandt has
been a national treasure since its arrival in 1956. /To get it back, the
Swedes ultimately look to the world's foremost art detective.
they strew steel spikes over the road /to puncture the tires of any police cars that try [to get through.]
The
flier doesn't punch out when he should because he is afraid of injury,
reluctant /to give up the effort /to save the multimillion-dollar plane,
or too concerned about people on the ground.
Chuck, came out /to see her off.
Endris also signed up /to head an advisory committee
The guys who rushed /to help, the dolphins -- they all saved my life."
A lot of things came together /to pull me through
When Endris craned his neck /to see his injuries, Simpson and the others shielded his eyes.
Resting
on his board 75 yards from shore, he turned --/to watch --his friend
Brian Simpson-- glide --under the curve of a near-perfect wave. 5형식 부정사
great whites come /to feed on young seals and sea lions
Could she be checking /to see if the real Karen was on her tail?
The con artist must have come back /to retrieve the phony license.
Karen's
bank had called after closing hours-- /to tell her that she'd left her
driver's license at a branch on Market and Church streets.
the man who had done so much /to give him a zest for adventure
I am going to college for the first time in my life ---/to become a victim advocate.
The guy can't come over /to help you.
Call or visit in person /to resolve a problem.
Continue drinking as you eat /to add volume and weight to your meal.
Not until he was 17, in South Africa, where his family had gone /to live, did Pugh get his first formal swim coaching.
Function in Question
you’ll be required /to repay that money. 수동태, 부정사는 주어 수식 주격보어
You may be pressured /to give a credit card number, send a check via overnight delivery or wire money right away.
They know exactly [where to go] 의문사+부정사 의 특별 용법
Learn how to measure.
Then the rest of the Thunderbird jets were supposed /to scream in for more stunts.
Why would you use that hour /to write a book?
Our idea is to create a compact, affordable system that will protect me and my friends,
Train yourself to focus on your best points rather than your weak spots.
He persuaded them to stay behind a pilar while he drove to a store to call the highway patrol.
His parents encouraged their only child to tap his creativity.
People who have kept their weight off for more than a few years tend to eat an average of five times a day.
You've had an amazing career, yet you don't seem to be thinking at all about your work.
This spicy condiment can stand in for mayo to deliver plenty of flavor without the fat
I refer, of course, to what Labor pretends to believe are the Government's plans for the National Health Service.
the new treatment started to fail.
Idiom
I'm going to have to eject
The ambulance is not going to come
***Some
verbs can be followed by the -ing form or the infinitive without a big
change in meaning: begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer,
propose, start.
* It started to rain.
* It started raining.
* I like to play tennis.
* I like playing tennis.
예문
We encourage you to follow these easy steps /to ensure your satisfaction 명역 부역
Either
the adult bought the alcohol, or he didn't. But we soon learned to
build a list in our minds of the characteristics of those who looked
like they might oblige.
Growing up, I knew it was wrong to drink
alcohol before the legal age of 21, but the age limit certainly wasn't
going to stop me -- or any other kid I knew. So isn't it a scary thought
that a kid, with the offer of a couple of extra dollars, could coax an
adult to buy alcohol for her?
In today's society, it's already
hard enough to not give in /to peer pressure to drink or use drugs, but
when adults think it's harmless fun for teens to drink, it makes it so
much harder because they're enabling us.
While I was in there, I unlatched the back window to make my return a little easier.
I might leave a pizza flyer in your front door to see how long it takes you to remove it.
If
it snows while you’re out of town, get a neighbor to create car and
foot tracks into the house. Virgin drifts in the driveway are a dead
giveaway.
It’s not a bad idea to put motion detectors up there too.
I won’t have enough time to break into that safe where you keep your valuables.
If
you’re reluctant to leave your TV on while you’re out of town, you can
buy a $35 device that works on a timer and simulates the flickering glow
of a real television.
Unsnap the grille at the bottom of the
refrigerator to access the coils. If your coils are located on the back,
you’ll have to roll the fridge out to get at them. Clean the coils with
a special coil cleaning brush to loosen the dirt and dust. Vacuum the
coils as you brush. Be careful not to bend the fan blades.
The brush is bendable to fit in tight areas.
The fan circulates air across the coils to help cool them.
To
prevent wear, lubricate the door handle side of the gasket by
sprinkling baby powder on a cloth and wiping it down once a month.
Over the next four months, the Redmen went on to beat each and every one of their opponents, racking up another perfect season.
Jack needed to discover grasshoppers and open spaces, and I needed to be reminded of how boys are turned into young men.
He
returned to Fort Hays State to earn a mathematics degree and went on to
get a master's in math education at the University of Georgia.
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