- 캘리포니아 흑돔 Sheephead, California
. 학명; Semicossyphus pulcher
. 서식지; 따뜻한 물의 얕은 수심
. 통명; 캘리포니아 흑돔
. 특징; 노란기가 도는 회색의 몸에 납작한 머리와 짧고 넓은 주둥이
. 먹이와 요리법; 회로, 절이거나 말려서, 굽거나 찌게로 섭취
1 학명과 서식지
- 학명; Semicossyphus pulcher
- 서식지
. 온도와 깊이; 따뜻한 물의 수심 20미터내외의 암초와 다시마지역 서식
. 지역; 동태평양 해안, 캘리포니아에서 멕시코까지
California sheephead occur from Cabo San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico, to Monterey Bay, California. An isolated population exists in the Gulf of California, but these fish are uncommon north of Point Conception, California.
Habitat. This species is generally taken in rocky kelp areas near shore, in water from 20 to 100 feet deep, although it does occur as deep as 180 feet.
2 통명
- 영어; sheepie, goat, billygoat (large), red fish, humpy, fathead;
Spanish: vieja de California.
- 한글; 캘리포니아 흑돔, 놀래기목 놀래기과
3 개요
- 길이; 91센티이내
- 무게; 35파운드이내, 평균 15파운드
The largest sheephead recorded on rod and reel was 36 inches long and weighed 351⁄2 pounds, although the average fish weighs less than 15 pounds. At least two fish of 40 pounds were speared in the past. A 29-pound, 32-inch-long fish was 53 years old.
4 특징
- 많은 놀래기중의 특성에 따라 치어는 모두 암컷으로 부화하고 45센티로 성장하면 성전환
- 길쭉하고 견고하며 압축된 몸
- 암컷은 은빛이나 분홍색이고 배는 흰색
- 수컷은 검은 꼬리와 머리, 넓고 붉은 주황색 횡격막, 빨간 눈, 이마돌기로 특징
- 영역내 수컷이 사라지면 가장 큰 암컷이 2주에서 수개월간 성전환
- 남획으로 30센티이상의 크기와 5마리이내로 낚시수제한중
A member of the Labridae family of wrasses, the California sheephead is a strong bottom-dwelling fish that is a favorite of spearfishing divers. It has some commercial value, although declining numbers caused it to be supplanted commercially by rockfish. Its flesh is white, firm, and mild, and it is preferred in chowder and in salads.
Identification. The body of the California sheephead is elongate, robust, and compressed. This species is a hermaphrodite: It begins life as a female and becomes a male later in life. Females mature at about 8 inches in length and 4 to 5 years of age. Most females transform to males at a length of about 12 inches, or 7 to 8 years of age. This sex change is accompanied by a marked change in appearance. Younger fish (females) are a uniform pinkish-red with white lower jaws. As they age and become males, their heads and the rear thirds of their bodies turn black, the mid-sections of their bodies remain red, and their lower jaws remain white. In all stages of their development, sheephead have unusually large doglike teeth.
5 먹이와 요리법
- 먹이; 낮에 성게, 연체동물, 갑각류를 주로 사냥하고 밤에 다시마숲에 은신
- 강한 턱과 크고 튀어나온 송곳니로 갑각류껍질을 깨서 포식
- 다시마를 먹는 성게를 먹이로 해서 다시마숲 보호
- 봄에 산란하고 수컷은 영역내 암컷보호
- 어획률이 높아 크면서 전환한 수컷이 남획되면서 성비왜곡
- 회로, 절이거나 말려서, 굽거나 찌게로 섭취
Spawning takes place in the early spring and the summer.
Food and feeding habits. Crabs, mussels, various-size snails, squid, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers are typical food items. The large caninelike teeth are used to pry food from rocks. A special plate in the throat crushes shells into small pieces for easy digestion. Occasionally, large adults have been observed out of the water in the intertidal zone, hanging onto mussels after a wave has receded.