마틴루터의 '신성모독' 강박장애

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마틴 루터 (cal. 580)

1483년-1546년 마틴루터는 개신교 개혁을 시작한 독일 사제이자 신학 교수였습니다.

루터는 작센 (지금은 독일 남동부)의 아이슬레벤이라는 작은마을에서 광부의 아들로 태어 났지만 

유럽에서 개신교 개혁의 첫 번째이자 가장 중요한 지도자가 되었으며 그리고 

그는 현재 우리가 강박장애로 부르는 질병에 고통 받은 것으로 생각됩니다. 루터의 후배(혹은 제자)Philip Melanchthon은 다음과 같이 썼습니다. 

종종 하나님의 진노를 묵상할 때 

그(마틴 루터)는 반복적으로 기도와 어우러지고 다음과 같이 계속 말했습니다. 

“그(마틴 루터)는 가장 친했던 친구를 자신의 무지로 벌어진 사건 때문에 잃었고

 이러한 공포를 그 해에 처음 혹은 가장 극심하게 경험했습니다.”

1507 년에 사제서품을 받은 후에도 그는 그의 영원한 운명에 대한 불안감이 머리에서 떠나지 않았습니다. “형제들에게 '’육체적인 정욕, 진노, 증오 또는 질투' 를 루터가 묘사했고

 이것은 계속 그를 괴롭혔고 그의 마음에서 그런 것들이 올라오지 못하게

 강경하게 막아도 그것들은 떠나지 않았습니다. 그는 또한 “신성모독” 사고가 

올라오는 기간동안 하나님과 예수님을 저주하는 충동으로 

혼란스럽고 불안하고 고통받는 경험을 했습니다.  

이것은 오늘날 진단한다면 강박장애로 고려될 것이고, 공포, 의심 또는 양심적 세밀성 증상이

있는 강박적 관계가 동반된 강박 장애로 여겨질 수 있습니다.  

루터는 후에  이런 유형의 강박장애를 가진 사람과 마주하는 보통의 치료자로부터 나올 수없는 매우 

통찰력있는 논평을 했습니다.

또한 루터는 기도 할 때 '악마의 뒤쪽(devil’s behind)'에 대한 이미지에 사로 잡혔으며, 너무 자주 다른 성직자들에게 

고해성사를 해서 그들을 성가시게 했으며, 이는 아마도 

'고해' 및 또는 ‘안심을 추구’하는

 강박행동 이었을 것입니다.  두가지 모두 강박장애에 나타나는 

흔한 강박행동이었을 것입니다.

그는 다음과 같이 기록했습니다. “두 가지 종류의 신성 모독이 있습니다. 첫째, 의식적으로 의도적으로 

신성모독 할 이유를 찾는 종류인 능동적인 신성 모독이 있습니다. 

그러나 둘째, 수동적인 신성모독이 있는데, 악마는 우리의 의지와 투쟁에도 불구하고 

우리의 머리에 그러한 왜곡된 생각을 소개합니다. 이런 생각들을 통해서, 

하나님은 우리를 차지하셔서 우리가 나태해지지 않고 코골며 졸지 않고 

싸우고 기도하기를 원하십니다.”

아마도 자신의 신성 모독 경험에 의지해서,  하나님이 나쁜 생각을 심어서 

나태해지지 않고  맞서 싸우라고 제시함으로써, 

그들이 단지 침습하는 생각이라고 결론을 내렸고 

(그런 생각을 한다고) 그가 나쁜 사람이라는 것을 

의미하지는 않는다고 결론 내렸습니다.

(역주: 침습적 사고:  원치 않는 생각이 머릿속에서 자꾸만 떠오르는 것)

Martin Luther (1483–1546), was a German priest and professor of theology who initiated the Protestant Reformation.

Luther was born in a small town, Eisleben, Saxony (now, southeast Germany) to a common miner but went on to become the first and most important leader of the Protestant Reformation in Europe and it is believed he might have suffered from what we now call OCD. Luther’s protégé, Philip Melanchthon wrote that often when contemplating the wrath of God he would repeatedly mingle with his prayers and went on to claim, “That these terrors he experienced either for the first time, or in the most acute manner, during the year in which he was deprived of a favourite friend, who lost his life by some accident of which I am ignorant.”

Even after his ordination in 1507 he was haunted with insecurity over his eternal fate, it’s written “Luther described feelings of ‘fleshly lust, wrath, hatred, or envy against any brother’ which constantly ‘vexed’ him and would not leave no matter how hard he tried to block them from his mind. He also experienced periods of “blasphemous” thought that left him confused and disturbed and was tormented by urges to curse God and Jesus.” Some would now consider this OCD if being diagnosed today, OCD with obsessive relationship fears and doubts or something some call Scrupulosity.

Luther later made some very insightful comments which would not be out of place coming from a therapist today when faced with someone with this type of OCD.

It’s also said that when he prayed, Luther was obsessed with images of ‘the Devil’s behind.’ and that he went to confession so often annoying other priests, which arguably could have been a compulsion to ‘confess’ and / or seek reassurance, both of which would be common OCD compulsions.

It’s reported he said, “There are two kinds of blasphemy. First, there is active blasphemy when we consciously and intentionally look for reasons to blaspheme. But second, there is passive blasphemy, when the devil introduces such perverse thoughts into our heads against our will and in spite of our struggle against them. By means of these thoughts, God wishes to occupy us so that we don’t get lazy and snore, but fight against them and pray.”

Possibly drawing on his own blasphemous experiences, by suggesting God puts bad thoughts there so not to get lazy but fight against them, he had clearly concluded they were just intrusive thoughts, and didn’t mean he was a bad person.

https://www.ocduk.org/ocd/history-of-ocd/martin-luther/

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젊음님이 올려주신 영상 (삿상 2009.11.04 / CD1 트랙2) 을 보고 '정말로 신성모독 하는게 무엇이지?' 궁금증이 들었네요. 직관적으론 명백하지만 이 영상 환자처럼 신성모독 증상을 가진 분들이 종교인이 많을 것이라고 추정되니 마틴루터 예를 들어주면 환자분들께 도움될 것 같습니다.
제 이해로는 마틴 루터는 정말로 신성모독을 한 것이 아닌 강박장애 증상이었을 것 같습니다.
즉, 신과 신성을 저주하진 않았을 것으로 이해합니다. 신성을 저주하면서 580으로 측정되는게 상충되니까요.

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