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David Beasley, Executive Director of the UN World Food Programme

Landon Lecture
Nov. 3, 2022

Kansas' Legacy in Global Food Security

데이비드 베이즐리 (당시) 유엔세계식량계획 사무총장이 한 대학에서 한 식량안보 연설입니다. 러시아와 우크라이나의 곡물과 비료가 얼마나 큰 영향력을 갖고 있는지, 이 공급망 붕괴를 막기 위해 한 노력과 경험담이 담긴 연설입니다.

Glossary

1.     Beasley : 연사/ 데이비드 베이즐리

2.     Black Sea grain initiative : 흑해 곡물 이니셔티브

Five and a half years ago, my goal was to put the World Food Programme out of business. At that time there were only 80 million people as we would say marching to starvation. That’s different than chronic hunger, but those in severe food insecurity status or those that end up in famine, destabilization of nations, or mass migration. Well, the number instead of going from 80 down to zero, it went to 135. That was right before COVID. Why? Number one is man-made conflict. Matters of the heart. Number two climate shocks. COVID comes along — economic devastation, disruption of supply chains.

The number went from 135 million people marching to starvation to 276 million people. These are not numbers, folks, these are real people with real names living in communities, struggling to survive. I have mother after mother that tells me “Mr. Beasley, I don’t have any more money. I now have to choose do I buy heating oil and therefore starve my children to death, or do I buy cooking oil and therefore freeze my children to death. But I cannot buy both.” It’s unprecedented what we’re facing. Many countries rely on Ukrainian grain. Fifty percent of what we were buying came from Ukraine.

So when global political leaders focused on Ukraine's eastern border due to Russia's invasion, I immediately went down to Odessa and said, “You’ve got to open these ports.” Fifty percent of the Ukrainian economy, the GDP, is based on those ports. This was not just a Ukrainian matter. If Putin blockaded the coastline without firing a shot, the economy of Ukraine collapses, and food security absolutely just is a tsunami on top of the perfect storm. And so, the Black Sea grain initiative came together. Now that’s as to grains, but fertilizers — it’s hard to understand the impact globally.

When 30 percent of all wheat is produced out of that region, like Russia and Ukraine, or 20 percent of all maize — corn — from Russia and Ukraine, it’s significant. Russia’s the number one exporter of fertilizer. There are 8 billion people on the planet. Four billion of those people eat because of fertilizer. I don’t care if you love or hate Russia, we’ve got to have those fertilizers. And now because of the droughts we’re facing around the world, here in the Heartland, the Midwest, India, South America, the Horn of Africa, compounded with fuel costs, food costs, shipping costs, our operational expense has increased.

Because of fuel, shipping, and food costs, our expenses have gone up by over $70 million per month. Imagine what the poorest of the poor are facing around the world. It’s not like you can sit back and say, “Well, you know we’re struggling here in America so we’re going to take care of just ourselves.” Let me tell you it’s really pretty simple. It’s like you’ve got leaking water lines in the ceiling. You can go up there and fix the water lines or you can say, “I’m not going to worry about it.” So instead of spending $200-$300 on fixing the water lines in the ceiling, you wait a year, and you replace all of the carpet, all of the flooring, all of the furniture, everything. There’s not another option.