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- 풀잉어 Tarpon
. 학명; Megalops atlanticus
. 서식지; 22도이상 따뜻한 물의 얕은 연안과 강
. 통명; 풀잉어
. 특징; 압축된 몸, 큰 입은 위쪽을 향하고 아래턱에는 길쭉한 뼈판
. 먹이와 요리법; 알이나 회, 일반적인 방법으로 조리하여 식용
1 학명과 서식지
- 학명; Megalops atlanticus
- 서식지
. 온도와 깊이; 22도이상 따뜻한 물의 얕은 연안과 강
. 지역; 대서양, 서안은 노바스코샤부터 아르헨티나까지
동안은 프랑스남부부터 콩고까지 계절이주
Because tarpon are sensitive to cold water, their range is generally limited to temperate climates. Atlantic tarpon have been reported as far north as Nova Scotia and also off the coast of Ireland, although they prefer tropical and subtropical waters. In the western Atlantic, they are most common from Virginia to central Brazil and throughout the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Atlantic tarpon from the western Atlantic have also emigrated through the Panama Canal and become established in the eastern Pacific; large specimens have been caught along the western Panamanian coast and in the vicinity of some rivers. Although scientists believe the western Atlantic stock is genetically uniform, they have observed regional differences in behavior and size. Tarpon in Costa Rica, for example, are generally smaller than Florida tarpon, and Costa Rica tarpon spawn throughout the year, rather than seasonally, as Florida tarpon do.
Habitat. Tarpon are most abundant in estuaries and coastal waters but also occur in freshwater lakes and rivers, in offshore marine waters, and occasionally on coral reefs.
Adults often patrol the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. In Costa Rica and Nicaragua, anglers frequently catch tarpon in freshwater lakes and rivers miles from the coast.
Although tarpon do migrate, little is known about the frequency or the extent of their travels. Tarpon captured in Florida have later been recaptured as far west as Louisiana and as far north as South Carolina.
2 통명
- 영어; silver king, Atlantic tarpon, cuffum;
French: tarpon argenté; Italian: tarpone; Portuguese: camurupi, peixe-prata-do-atlântico, tarpao; Spanish: pez lagarto.
- 한글; 풀잉어, 당멸치목 풀잉어과
3 개요
- 길이; 250센티이내
- 무게; 283파운드이내, 평균 50파운드
Most angler-caught Atlantic tarpon are in the range of 40 to 50 pounds, but many from 60 to 100 pounds are encountered. Fish exceeding 150 pounds are rare in the western Atlantic. The all-tackle world record is shared by two 283-pound fish, one caught in 1956 at Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, and the other in 1991 at Sherbro Island, Sierra Leone. The Florida record for tarpon caught with conventional tackle was a 243-pounder from Key West in 1975.
Some Atlantic tarpon live as long as 55 years. Most of the tarpon caught in the Florida fishery are 15 to 30 years old.
4 특징
- 뛰어난 곡예비행과 인상적인 장갑비늘
- 1800년전에 진화한 가장 오래된 현존 물고기중 하나
- 원시 폐처럼 부레에 공기를 채워 수중용존산소량이 작아도 생존가능
- 등은 녹색 혹은 청색이고 옆은 은색
- 압축된 몸, 큰 입은 위쪽을 향하고 아래턱에는 길쭉한 뼈판
- 등지느러미는 14개의 연조, 뒷지느러미는 22개의 연조
- 파나마운하를 통해 태평양으로 이주
The largest member of the small Elopidae family, the tarpon is one of the world’s premier saltwater gamefish. Also known as the Atlantic tarpon, this species is sometimes scientifically identified as Tarpon atlanticus; it is a relative of ladyfish and of a similar but much smaller species, the Indo-Pacific tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides), also known as oxeye tarpon or oxeye herring. In prehistoric times, there were many more species of tarpon; today, there are just these two.
Identification. The tarpon’s body is compressed and covered with extremely large platelike scales and a deeply forked tail fin. Its back is greenish or bluish, varying in darkness from silvery to almost black. The sides and the belly are brilliant silver. Inland, brackish-water tarpon frequently have a golden or brownish color because of tannic acid. The huge mouth of the tarpon has a projecting, upturned lower law that contains an elongated bony plate.
A single, short dorsal fin originates just behind the origin of the pelvic fin and consists of 12 to 16 soft rays (no spines), the last of which is greatly elongated. The anal fin has 19 to 25 soft rays. The lateral line is straight, with a scale count of 41 to 48.
5 먹이와 요리법
- 먹이; 치어는 동물성 플랑크톤을 성어는 갑각류와 작은 생선를 주로 밤에 사냥
- 넓은 바다로 이주하여 집단산란
- 치어는 해류를 따라 용존산소량이 낮은 하구의 고인물로 이동하여 포식자 회피
- 3살이 되면 먹이가 풍부한 지역으로 이동하여 빠르게 성장
- 8살에 길이와 둘레가 늘어나면 6월에 해안산란지에 모여 원형 회전헤엄
- 맛은 별로고 냄새가 있고 뼈가 많으나 손맛이 좋아 낚시감으로 인기
- 박테리아를 제거하기위해 라임이나 마늘로 절이거나 조리
- 알이나 회, 일반적인 방법으로 조리하여 식용
In May and June, Atlantic tarpon in the western Atlantic begin gathering together in staging areas near the coast in preparation for the journey to their offshore spawning grounds. Here, schools of tarpon may be observed swimming in a circular, rotating motion. This behavior, known as a “daisy chain,” may be a prenuptial activity that prepares the fish for spawning. The actual exodus to the offshore spawning areas is probably triggered by lunar phases and tides. Although no one knows exactly where tarpon spawn, tarpon larvae only a few days old have been collected as far as 125 miles offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. Spawning in Florida occurs mainly in May, June, and July. The eggs hatch into larvae called leptocephali. These bizarre-looking creatures have transparent, ribbonlike bodies and slender, fanglike teeth. The leptocephali drift with the currents toward the shore, reaching estuarine areas within about 30 days. By the time the larvae reach these inshore areas, they are about an inch long. At this point, they begin an amazing transformation in which they lose their teeth and begin shrinking in length, winding up as miniature versions of the behemoths they will eventually become. One particularly remarkable facet of tarpon physiology is the fish’s ability to breathe both underwater and out of the water. When dissolved oxygen levels in the water are adequate, tarpon breathe like most fish, through their gills. When oxygen levels are depleted, however, they can also breathe by gulping air, which is then passed along to their highly specialized swim bladders. The swim bladder functions as an accessory lung and even resembles that organ, with its spongy, highly vascular tissue. The swim bladder can also be filled with air as needed to help the fish maintain its desired depth in the water. Although tarpon can tolerate water of various salinities, they are vulnerable to cold snaps and become stressed when water temperatures fall below 55°F. Adults can often seek refuge from the cold in deep holes and channels.
Food. Tarpon often travel in schools with other tarpon and are opportunistic eaters that feed on a variety of fish and crabs.