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1부 

WEEKEND SPECIAL: IDIOMS REVIEW

-  as clear as mud 역설참고

-  has the cat got your tongue?

-  steal someone's thunder

-  kith and kin 두음참고:friends &family

-  it runs in the family

2부

WEEKEND SPECIAL: NEWS COVERAGE REVIEW

How New York’s Public Hospitals Cut Carbon Emissions: More Vegetables

On the menu at New York City’s 11 public hospitals is pasta with Bolognese sauce, without the meat. Or Sancocho, a Latin American beef stew, minus the beef. Or maybe a black-eyed peas casserole with cornbread made without butter or eggs.

NYC Health + Hospitals, the country’s largest municipal health system, has made plant-based food the default for inpatient meals. That means the food contains no meat, dairy or eggs. If a patient doesn’t like the first option, the second offering is also plant-based. Anyone who wants meat has to make a special request.

[Expressions]

black-eyed pea: 동부콩 (몸통에 눈동자처럼 검은색 점이 있음)

▶default = (컴퓨터 등의) 디폴트, 초기 설정 (a preselected option adopted by a computer program or other mechanism when no alternative is specified by the user or programmer) (something that is usual or standard)

- has made plant-based food the default for inpatient meals: 식물 기반 메뉴를 입원 환자들의 기본 식사로 정했다

▶inpatient = 입원 환자 (↔ outpatient 외래 환자)

ex) His insurance doesn’t cover inpatient treatment.

Now, a year after it made those sweeping changes, the hospital system has reduced its food-related carbon emissions by 36%, according to the mayor’s office.

And, jokes about hospital food aside, the changes seem to be a hit with patients. Samantha Morgenstern, a client executive and registered dietitian at Sodexo, the food services company providing the meals, said that nine times out of 10, patients accepted the dishes, and the satisfaction rate was above 90%.

[Expressions]

sweeping changes: 대대적인 변화

▶jokes about hospital food aside = 병원 식사에 대한 많은 (맛 없다는) 농담은 뒤로 하고[~과는 별개로]

- joking aside: 농담은 그만두고[제쳐두고, 뒤로 하고]

ex) I know he looks goofy, but joking aside, he’s a very serious scientist.

▶be[make] a hit with = ~에게 크게 호평받다, ~사이에서 큰 인기를 얻다

ex) “Squid Game” was a hit with viewers from around the world.

dietitian: 영양사, 영양학자

Just don’t call the food “vegan.” In offering the menus to patients, the hospitals made a strategic decision to avoid the term on labels accompanying food trays out of concern that it would turn off diners, Morgenstern said.

“Anecdotally, in our experience, and looking at research, there’s some negative connotations and preconceived feelings toward words like vegan,” she said. Instead, the hospitals call the food “plant-based.”

The company expects to serve more than 800,000 plant-based dishes this year at the hospitals.

[Expressions]

avoid the term on labels accompanying food trays: 식판과 함께 나가는 표식에 ‘비건(vegan)’이라는 명칭을 쓰지 않다

▶turn somebody off = ~를 지루하게[흥미를 잃게] 만들다

ex) The kids were turned off by the sight of broccoli.

diner: 식사하는 사람

▶anecdotally = (객관적 사실이라기보다) 개별 사례로 봤을 때 (according to or by means of personal accounts rather than facts or research)

negative connotations and preconceived feelings toward: ~에 대한 부정적 뉘앙스와 선입견

- connotation: 함축(된 의미)

- preconceived: 사전에 형성된, 선입견의

While other hospitals and institutions have signed the Coolfood Pledge, a promise to reduce food-related greenhouse gas emissions by one-quarter by 2030, the decision by New York public hospitals to make plant-based meals the default choice is a rarity. (Hayek Hospital, in a suburb of Beirut, began serving only plant-based food in 2021.)

“I am not aware of any other health systems that have gone ‘all in’ like N.Y.C.,” Matt Mundok, the principal and managing director of Innovative Hospitality Solutions, a food services consulting company, wrote by email.

[Expressions]

▶rarity = 드묾, 진귀한[희귀한] 사람[것]

▶all in (all-in) = 단호한, 전면적인, 모든 것을 건 (fully committed to or involved in something — often used in the phrase ‘go all in’)

ex) She went all in, giving up everything to be with the man she loved.

Mercedes Redwood, an assistant vice president at NYC Health + Hospitals, said the staff regularly fielded queries from other hospitals around the country and the world about moving to a plant-based menu.

“We are the largest public health care system in the country,” Redwood said. “If we can do it, truly anyone can.”

[Expressions]

▶regularly fielded queries from = ~로부터 꾸준히 문의를 받는다

- field: 받아넘기다, 처리하다

- query: 문의, 질문, 문의하다

Phone. Keys. Wallet … Brain?

I was in the supermarket recently when a woman came running toward me. “Jancee!” she said. “How are you?”

I smiled. She looked familiar, but what was her name? As she chatted, I silently recited the alphabet, hoping it would jog my memory. Please don’t let her name be Zoe, I thought; I can’t fake this for much longer.

[Expression‎]

▶jog somebody's memory = ~의 기억을 되살리다, 기억을 상기시키다

ex) You don’t remember me? Maybe this picture will jog your memory.

Please don’t let her name be Zoe: 제발 그녀의 이름이 Zoe가 아니기를(알파벳 순으로 기억을 더듬는 중이기 때문에 이름이 기억나기까지 시간이 너무 오래 걸리면 곤란하다는 뜻)

▶fake = (감정‧병 등을) 꾸미다, …인 척하다 (to pretend to have (an illness, emotion, etc)) (to make (something) seem real or true in order to trick someone)

ex) I faked being hurt.

It’s natural to wonder whether our memory is getting worse as we age — and those concerns aren’t unreasonable: Some 5.8 million Americans live with dementia, which is marked by a significant loss of cognitive functions. And the biggest risk factor for dementia is aging.

But some age-related memory lapses aren’t cause for concern. I spoke with four experts about the ways memory shifts, how we can remember a bit more, and when to discuss forgetfulness with a doctor.

[Expression‎]

dementia: [ dɪˈmenʃə ] 치매

cognitive function: 인지 기능

▶memory lapse = 기억력 쇠퇴, 깜박 함[잊음]

ex) I was in the middle of telling a story when I had a memory lapse. It was so embarrassing.

▶cause for concern = 걱정할 이유, 우려할 만한 이유 (reason to worry)

In a study of nearly 50,000 people, researchers found that short-term memory peaks around age 25. But starting in your 50s, Mendez said, the area of the brain in charge of memory retrieval‎ is less efficient. Still, “being less efficient is different from impairment,” he said. So if you’re struggling to remember “that movie starring that guy,” the memory is often there, Mendez said; it just takes longer to surface. “And then lo and behold, five minutes later, you remember,” he said.

[Expression‎]

short-term memory: 단기 기억(번호 같은 것을 잠깐 동안 일시적으로 기억하는 능력)

memory retrieval‎: 기억 복구[복원] (the recovery of stored information)

- retrieval‎: 회수, 회복, 복구

impairment: 손상, 장애

▶surface = (한동안 숨어 있던 것이 갑자기) 나타나다[드러나다], 표면화되다

▶lo and behold = "자 보시라", "하 이것 봐라", "세상에나"(놀랍거나 짜증스러운 것에 사람들의 관심을 끌 때 내는 소리) ("What a surprise!" "Can you believe it!") (used to express wonder or surprise) (often used in a humorous or ironic way)

ex) I’m familiar with this phrase, but, lo and behold, I’ve been misspelling it all along!

First, Fesharaki-Zadeh said, limit multitasking. It’s not good for your brain health in general, but as we get older, our capacity to multitask “typically diminishes,” he said.

Be mindful of stress, which has a direct influence on memory, Fesharaki-Zadeh said. Several studies link sleep loss to memory deficits, he added, so do your best to get adequate rest. Diet can also affect memory. Eating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats has been shown to correlate with better cognition.

Finally, Fesharaki-Zadeh said, a half-hour of daily cardiovascular exercise can generate new neurons in the hippocampal area of the brain, which is critical for memory consolidation.

[Expression‎]

▶limit multitasking = 동시에 여러 가지 일을 하지 않도록 하라

- multitask: 동시에 여러 가지 일을 하다, 한꺼번에 여러 일을 처리하다

Be mindful of stress: 스트레스에 신경써라[주의해라], 스트레스를 염두에 두라

link sleep loss to memory deficits: 수면 부족을 기억 결함과 결부시키다 → 잠이 부족하면 기억력에 문제가 생긴다

lean protein: 기름기가 적은[저지방] 단백질

correlate: 서로 관련시키다[관련이 있다]

▶cardiovascular = 심혈관의

- daily cardiovascular exercise: 매일 하는 심혈관[유산소] 운동

hippocampal: (뇌의 부위) 해마의

- hippocampus: (대뇌 측두엽의) 해마

memory consolidation: 기억 공고화[강화](경험 중 규칙적인 부분이 선택적으로 뇌의 신피질로 전환되는 것 – 이 과정을 거친 기억은 쉽게 지워지지 않음)

There are circumstances when you should check with your doctor, Fesharaki-Zadeh said. If someone who knows you well points out that your forgetfulness has changed significantly, it might be a sign of something more serious. Early signs of dementia, according to the Alzheimer’s Association, include losing the ability to retrace steps, problems judging distances and increasingly needing memory aids like notes or phone alerts.

After talking to the brain experts, I felt reassured. And my friend’s name, as it turned out, was Erica — so I had to fake recognition for only a few seconds.

[Expression‎]

▶retrace one's steps = 온 길을 되돌아가다

I felt reassured: 나는 한결 마음이 놓였다

- reassure: 안심시키다

▶as things[it] turned out = 나중에 안 일이지만, 나중에 밝혀진 것처럼[뒤에 알고 보니]

ex) The weather, as it turned out, was wonderful.