- 가다랑어 Tuna, Skipjack

[박대선]

- 가다랑어 Tuna, Skipjack
. 학명; Katsuwonus pelamis
. 서식지; 따뜻한 바다물의 수심 260미터 이내 표층에 떼로 서식
. 통명; 가다랑어 
. 특징; 방추형으로 튼튼한 몸과 뾰쪽한 주둥이, 가늘고 단단한 꼬리자루
. 먹이와 요리법; 회로, 말리거나 훈제, 구이, 튀김, 통조림 등 다양하게 섭취

1 학명과 서식지

- 학명; Katsuwonus pelamis

- 서식지

. 온도와 깊이; 따뜻한 바다물의 수심 260미터 이내 표층에 떼로 서식 

. 지역; 위도40도 이하의 전세계 해양, 한국은 남동해 

Skipjack tuna are cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical seas, usually in deep coastal and oceanic waters. They are common throughout the tropical Atlantic south to Argentina and may range as far north as Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the summer months. A pelagic, migratory, deep-water species, the skipjack tuna may form schools composed of 50,000 or more individuals, which makes it a prime target for commercial fishermen using purse seines.

2 통명

- 영어; skipjack, ocean bonito, arctic bonito, striped tuna, watermelon tuna; 

French: benite à ventre raye; Hawaiian: aku; Italian: tonnetto striato; Japanese: katsuo; Portuguese: gaiado, listão, listado; Spanish: bonito ártico, barrilete, listado.

- 한글; 가다랭이/가다리/에다대/여다랭이/소용치/목맨둥이/다랭이-포항/강고등어-경남, 고등어목 고등어과

3 개요

- 길이; 100센티이내, 평균 68센티

- 무게; 45파운드이내, 평균 10파운드

Skipjack tuna can attain a maximum of 40 to 45 inches in length but are commonly between 16 and 28 inches long and weigh from 5 to 15 pounds. The all-tackle world record is 45 pounds, 4 ounces. They may live for 12 years.

4 특징

- 등은 청자색, 배는 은백색에 5개의 검은색 띠

- 방추형으로 튼튼한 몸과 뾰쪽한 주둥이, 가늘고 단단한 꼬리자루

- 1등지느러미의 기저는 길고 15개의 가시

- 2등지느러미는 1등지느러미와 거의 연결

- 양 턱에 35개의 작은 원추형 이빨 

- 상업적으로는 물론 낚시로도 인기

Although commonly called arctic bonito, the skipjack tuna is not a bonito and does not venture into arctic waters. This member of the Scombridae family is an esteemed lighttackle species and has great commercial value.

Identification. The presence of stripes on the belly and the absence of markings on the back are sufficient to distinguish the skipjack tuna from all similar species. The top of the fish is a dark purplish-blue, and the lower flanks and the belly are silvery and have four to six prominent, dark, longitudinal stripes. The first dorsal fin has 14 to 16 spines, and the pectoral and the ventral fins are short. The body is scaleless, except on the corselet and along the lateral line. This fish has no swim bladder. On each side of the caudal peduncle is a strong lateral keel. There are roughly 30 to 40 small conical teeth in each jaw. The teeth are smaller and more numerous than those of bonito and are unlike the triangular, compressed teeth of the mackerel. There are 53 to 63 gill rakers on the first arch, more than in any other species of tuna except the slender tuna (Allothunnus).

5 먹이와 요리법

- 먹이; 주로 밤에 수면에서 전갱이, 정어리, 멸치 등 작은 생선과 오징어, 작은 갑각류 등 사냥

- 낮에는 심해로 내려가서 휴식

- 41센티가 되면 수온이 높을 때 200만개 이내를 산란

- 치어는 1년후 16센티, 2년후 34센티, 3년후 43센티, 4년후 54센티로 성장

- 칼륨이 많아 국물용이나 건조하여 만든 가쓰오부시로 인기

- 회로, 말리거나 훈제, 구이, 튀김, 통조림 등 다양하게 섭취

In the western Atlantic, skipjack tuna frequently school with blackfin tuna. Skipjack tuna reach sexual maturity at about 18 to 20 inches in length. Spawning occurs in spurts throughout the year in tropical waters and from spring to early fall in subtropical waters.

Food and feeding habits. This gregarious, fast-swimming fish feeds near the surface, and its diet consists of herring, squid, small mackerel and bonito, lanternfish, shrimp, and crustaceans.