■■■攻乎異端 斯害也已(공호이단 사해야이) - 이단(신념이 다른 학문)을 공격하면 이것은 해롭다

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공자의 논어 위정편 16장

攻乎異端 斯害也已(공호이단 사해야이)

이단(자기와 다른 생각)을 공격하면 이것은 해롭다
Attacking those with different opinions is harmful

이단을 깊이 연구하여 집착하면 사문에 해롭다
집착하지 말고 그대로 놔두고 존중하라

● 斯 이것 사, 천할 사

1.이, 이것
2.잠시(暫時), 잠깐
3.죄다, 모두
4.쪼개다, 가르다
5.떠나다, 떨어지다
6.희다, 하얗다
7.다하다
8.떨어지다
9.천하다(賤--)
10.낮다

攻자는 ‘치다’나 ‘때리다’, ‘공격하다’라는 뜻을 가진 글자이다. 攻자는 工(장인 공)자와 攵(칠 복)자가 결합한 모습이다. 工자는 땅을 단단하게 다지는 도구인 ‘달구’를 그린 것이다. 攻자는 이렇게 땅을 세차게 내리치는 도구를 그린 工자에 攵자를 결합한 것으로 무언가를 세차게 공격한다는 뜻으로 만들어졌다. 본래 攵자에 ‘때리다’라는 뜻이 있기는 하지만 攻자는 이보다 더 거세게 공격하는 것을 뜻하기 위해 만들어진 글자로 이해해야 한다.


Attacking those with different opinions is harmful

Some modern scholars suggest that Confucius may have been warning against attacking those who hold different views.


In this reading, the quote emphasizes tolerance and the importance of considering diverse opinions before making a judgment.


This interpretation views the quote as a reminder for rulers and scholars to remain open-minded and avoid dogmatic thinking.


자기 생각만 정통(正統)이라 하고, 자기와 다른 생각을 이단(異端)이라고 배척하는 것은 공자의 사고에는 없다

따라서 ‘공(攻)’ 을 "공부한다"가 아니라 원뜻 그대로 ‘공격(攻擊)한다’는 의미로 읽어야 한다

그러면‘ 이단(자기와 다른 생각)을 공격하는 것은 해롭다’로 해석된다


즉 자기의 생각만이 정통이고 자기와 다른 남의 생각은 이단이라고 몰아 부치는 것은 해로울 따름이라는 뜻이다.

공자는 "남이 자기를 알아 주지 않는 것을 걱정하지 말고 자기가 남을 알아보지 못 하는 것을 걱정하라"고 말한 사람이다.

그런데 어떻게 자기의 생각만이 정통이고 자기와 다른 남의 생각은 이단이라고 몰아 붙일 수 있겠는가.

또 공자는 학문의 목적은 어디까지나 "자신의 완성"을 위한 것이며, "자신의 변혁"을 통해 다른 사람을 포용하는 것이라고 하였다.

이런 공자가 어떻게 이단을 공부하는 것이 해롭다고 했겠는가?



Why shouldn't heresy be punished?
이단은 왜 처벌받지 말아야 하나요?


Ummm… So, who exactly gets to decide what is a “heresy” and what isn’t?

Try to put yourself into other people’s shoes. So, I’ll assume you are a Christian. Now, imagine you are in a country with a Muslim majority. But if you happen to be a Muslim, imagine you are in a country with a Christian majority instead.

Just imagine you are in a country whose majority religion is not your favorite religion.

So in this scenario, anything you say against Islam is considered a “heresy” … and you go to jail for that.

In that case, would you still be asking “Why shouldn’t heresy be punished”?

And you don’t even need to consider a country with a Muslim majority. If you are a Protestant, imagine that you are in a country with Catholic authorities and laws.

If you are a Catholic, imagine a country with Protestant authorities and laws. And if you are a Sunna Muslim, imagine living in a country with a Shia Muslim majority (and authorities, and laws). Or vice versa.



Only crime should be punished.

Having an opinion about a religious topic and propagating your opinion is a fundamental human right, under Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The right to be wrong is intrinsic to human rights. It means we have to put up with flat-earthers, Shakespeare-deniers, people who think the Da Vinci Code has a factual basis, and even people who differ from us on a matter of theology. But it means they also have to put up with us.


There are plenty of people who’d love to behead, burn or violently dispose of us heretics. I've met a few in my life face to face.

Speaking about the United States, we have laws to protect us from Christians killing anyone for simply not believing in their god. Of course, that has not stopped a few from attempting to rid the world of yours truly.

I speak of those who call themselves Christians, but fail to follow those commandments they hold so dear. Their god is not powerless, right? If he, she or it wants me dead, god can do it. Why people feel the need to serve their god by hurting or killing others is not faith. It’s a psychological disorder guised as righteousness.

The pious psychopath and sanctimonious sociopath who dwell in their own bitterness and hatred. Often racist, homophobic, anti-semitic, miserable people. They have no understanding of Christianity or the teachings of Christ. They do more to harm how Christians are perceived and believe those who are not as fanatical are lesser Christians.

Truth is, they have serious personality disorders and if it were not for identifying as Christians, most would see them for the toxic people they are.


Why aren't heretics still executed? If you ask with the desire to see it happen, you can try. Just like a few others did a number of years ago.

Want to know what happened to them?