□ 산업 구조 (산업의 최상위 분류별 비중 및 동향 등)
○ 독일의 산업구조는 크게 서비스업, 제조업, 건설업, 농·임·어업으로 분류
- 2018년 기준 독일의 총 부가가치창출 규모는 총 3조553억 유로이며, 서비스업이 68.2%로 지속적으로 가장 높은 비중을 차지
- 이를 이어 제조업(건설업 제외) 25.8%, 건설업 5.3%, 농·임·어업 0.7% 등의 순
- 동 비중은 지난 몇 년간 큰 변동 없이 유지되고 있는 상황이나, 1991년 대비 서비스업 비중이 점차 증가하고 있는 반면, 제조업 비중은 상대적으로 소폭의 감소 추세
1991년 대비 2018년 독일 산업별 부가창출 비중
(단위 : %, 유로)
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)
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자료원 : 독일연방통계청
○ 독일은 유럽 타 국가에 비해 볼 때, 제조업 비중이 높으며, 건설업, 서비스업의 비중이 비교적 낮은 편
* 유럽 대표국 GDP 내 제조업 비중은 독일보다 낮은 수준 : 스페인 21.6%, 이태리 21.4%, 영국 18.6%, 프랑스 17.4% (현재 집계 기준 최신 수치 2017년 기준, 독일연방통계청)
○ 독일 주요 제조 및 가공산업의 현황을 살펴보면, 2017년 기준 독일의 제조 및 가공산업의 총 기업 수는 37,754개이며, 제조 및 가공업 종사 근로자는 총 642만 명, 총 매출은 1조 9,831억 유로에 달함.
* 이는 현재 집계 기준 최신 수치이며, 2018년 세부통계는 아직 미 발표
- 주력 산업은 자동차, 기계 및 설비, 철강, 화학·제약 산업 등이며, 총 제조 및 가공업 매출의 78.3%를 차지
- 독일 자동차산업은 독일 최대의 제조산업으로 총 기업수 1,039개, 총 고용인원수 약 86만 명을 보유하고 있음. 기업수나 고용인원수 면에서 기계산업이 훨씬 상위이나 연 매출 규모가 4,590억 유로로 기계산업을 크게 상회하며, 독일은 중국, 미국, 일본에 이어 세계 4위의 자동차 생산국임.
독일 주요 제조 및 가공업 현황
(단위: 개사, 억 유로, 명)
분류 | 총 기업 수 | 연 매출 | 투자 | 고용 인원수 |
(개) | (억 유로) | (억 유로) | (명) |
자동차 | 1,039 | 4,590 | 156 | 859,577 |
기계 | 5,378 | 2,696 | 73 | 1,064,395 |
철강 | 기초금속 | 894 | 1,019 | 27 | 251,569 |
가공 | 7,230 | 1,174 | 44 | 675,946 |
화학제약 | 화학 | 1,242 | 1,621 | 57 | 342,077 |
제약 | 273 | 417 | 19 | 116,378 |
식품 | 4,894 | 1,627 | 45 | 650,637 |
전기기기 | 1,940 | 1,173 | 31 | 460,242 |
컴퓨터, 전자, 광학기기 | 1,719 | 887 | 31 | 329,256 |
가구 | 920 | 196 | 5 | 100,640 |
섬유 의류 | 직물 | 646 | 120 | 4 | 62,880 |
의류 | 225 | 74 | 1 | 32,182 |
총계 | | | | |
자료원: 독일 연방통계청(Statistisches Bundesamt)
*주: 2017년 기준(현재 집계 기준 최신 수치, 2018년 12.14일 발표), 통계상 제조 및 가공업 기업은 고용인원수 20인 이상의 기업이며, 연 매출 기준 상위 산업 분야 순, 투자는 설비 및 영업투자를 의미함.
○ 독일 기업은 장인 정신을 토대로 우수한 기술력을 바탕으로 제품을 생산하고 있어, ‘Made in Germany’ 제품은 국제적으로 높은 위상을 갖고 있음.
※ 독일 기업의 국제경쟁력 유지 핵심 열쇠 4가지 ① 중세 도제 제도에 기반을 둔 직업훈련을 통한 우수 기술인력 양성 ② 산∙학∙연 유기적인 협력을 통한 기술 개발 ③ 단기 실적에 연연하지 않는 장기적 안목의 기업 경영 ④ 고객 문제 해결 중심의 글로벌 기업 경영 |
□ 산업 정책
○ 산업 육성책 : 독일 정부 차원의 혁신기술 개발 지원 ‘하이테크 전략(Hightech-Strategy) 2025'
※ 하이테크 전략(High-Tech Strategy): 2006년 도입된 독일의 범정부 차원의 신 혁신기술 및 혁신 중소기업지원정책으로 독일의 미래산업 육성정책의 중추적 역할 ○ 2006년 하이테크 전략, 2010년 7월 ‘하이테크 전략 2020’에 이어 2014년 9.3일 신 하이테크 전략(New Hightech-Strategy), 2018년 9월 ‘하이테크 전략 2025’ 발표 ○ 목표: 혁신정책을 통한 독일 경제성장과 사회복지 강화 ○ 정책의 핵심 : 독일의 미래 능력 강화, 미래의 가이드로서 독일의 번영과 지속 가능한 개발 및 삶의 질 향상이라는 목표를 연구와 혁신과 연계 - 지원규모 : 2018년 150억 유로 - 지원기간 : 향후 7년 - 3대 행동 영역 설정 ① ‘건강과 케어, 지속가능성, 기후 보호 및 에너지, 모빌리티, 도시와 지방, 보안, 경제와 노동 4.0’ 등의 분야에서의 사람들의 요구에 대한 연구와 혁신 장려 ② 독일의 차세대 기술 혁명의 선도적 위치 확보에 기여, 특히 일자리 유지 및 복지 보장, 특히 신기술 지원 및 직업 및 재교육 지원 ③ 혁신을 위한 공간 창출, 유럽 내 협력을 위한 제안 및 혁신세력의 협력을 위한 오리엔테이션 역할 |
※ 하이테크 전략 2025’의 12대 미션 ① 암과의 전쟁(조기 진단 및 치료 개선 등) ② 연구와 치료의 디지털 네트워크화 - 지능형 의학 ③ 환경에 대한 플라스틱의 투입 감축 ④ 산업의 광범위한 온실가스 중립성 ⑤ (자원효율적인) 순환경제 구축을 위한 지속 가능한 사업 모델 개발 ⑥ 생물학적 다양성 보존 ⑦ 독일 내 배터리 생산입지 구축 ⑧ 안전하고 네트워크화된 청정 모빌리티 ⑨ 좋은 생활과 근로 ⑩ 인간을 위한 기술 ⑪ 인공지능(AI) 상용화 ⑫ 새로운 지식을 위한 새로운 출처(예: 오픈 데이터(open data), 오픈 억세스(open access), 오픈 사이언스(open science)나 오픈 이노베이션(open innovation)활용) |
○ 장려 산업정책 I : 인더스트리(Industry) 4.0 전략
- (추진배경) 글로벌경쟁 심화에 따른 독일경제의 핵심인 제조업 분야 기술격차 확보, 선두지위 유지 전략, 특히 4대 중점 도전과제(글로벌 경쟁, 부족한 자원, 인구변화, 도시화)에 대한 대응책에서 출발
① 고령화 시대 진입에 따른 노동 고도화 추진 → 고령화·고임금 구조 대응
② 생산 효율성 극대화 및 표준 확보
* ‘가상물리시스템’으로 불리는 IT시스템의 융합으로 물리적 현실세계와 사이버 공간의 인공지능시스템의 통합을 통한 부가가치 사슬 효율화, IoT(Internet of Things) 관련 인프라와 표준 확보
③ 제조업 경쟁력 강화 및 미래 제조업 주도
④ 미래 고용과 서비스 창출
- (추진목적) 제조업과 ICT의 융합을 통한 독일 제조업의 생산성 증진, 미래성장동력 확보
* 2012년 10월 최초 정책화: 독일 ‘하이테크(High-Tech Strategy) 2020’ 전략 차원의 미래 프로젝트로 출범
- (산·학·연·관 협업) 2013년 4월 발족한 인더스트리 4.0 플랫폼(Plattform Industrie 4.0)을 통한 역량 집중
- 가상물리시스템을 기반으로 한 효율적인 생산체계 개발 및 구축
* 특히 Smart Factory 중심으로 자동화 기술의 효율화 추구
- 중점산업 :
∙ 스마트 산업용 솔루션 : 3D프린터, 스마트센서, 액추에이터 등
∙ 에너지 : 에너지저장, 효율, Zero emission, 스마트 그리드
∙ 정보통신 ; 클라우드, 사이버보안, 모바일인터넷
∙ 자동차 : 자율주행, Intelligent Mobility
∙ 스마트팩토리/ 인공지능(로봇)
∙ 고령화대응 ; 원격진단, 건강데이터 관리(텔레메디슨), 노인 간병 솔루션, 기기, 용품, 서비스
- (추진현황) 독일지역 내 활용 사례 368개, 독일 내 기관/기업/대학 참여하는 Industry 4.0 Testbed(77개소)를 통해 연구 프로젝트 진행 중 (2019년 5월 기준)
인더스트리 4.0 추진 기업의 활용 현황(총 368개사)
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자료원 : Plattform Industrie 4.0
- (기대효과) (2015년 대비) 향후 10년간 총 2,500억 유로의 부가가치 창출 전망 (독일경제에너지부), 생산성 향상 효과(+30%) 및 연간100억 유로 규모의 경제적 파급효과 (독일연방산업협회(BDI)와 독일 프라운호퍼 연구소(IAO) 전망)
○ 장려산업정책 II: 디지털 전략(Digital Strategy) 2025
- (시행) 2016년 3.14일 발표
- (배경) 시대적 도전과제인 '디지털 전환'에 대응
- (주요 과제) 디지털 인프라개선, 스마트형 미래형 공장 구현, 데이터 관리, 시대적 요구에 부응하는 교육, 신 사업 모델 및 기술 개발
- (전망) 2025년까지 산업의 디지털화에 따른 부가가치 창출효과 총 4,250억 유로, 30%에 이르는 생산성 향상 효과
※ 10대 추진 전략 ① 2025년까지 독일 내 1GB 광대역 네트워크 구축 ② 스타트업 지원 및 신생기업과 기존 기업간 협력 지원 ③ 투자와 혁신을 위한 틀 마련 ④ 독일 경제 내 주요 인프라 분야의 스마트형 네트워크화 추진 ⑤ 데이터보호 강화 및 데이터 안정성 개발 ⑥ 중소중견기업, 수공업 및 서비스 업종을 위한 신규 사업 모델 개발 ⑦ 인더스트리 4.0 전략을 통해 독일의 생산입지 현대화 ⑧ 디지털 기술 관련 최고의 R&D 혁신 수준 달성 ⑨ 삶의 모든 단계에서 디지털 교육 강화 ⑩ 혁신 전문센터(Kompetenzzentrum)로서의 디지털 에이전시 발족 |
○ 규제 정책 I : 노후한 디젤 차량 운행 금지
- (디젤스캔들 후속 여파) 2015년 9월부터 불거진 디젤스캔들 후 잇따른 리콜 및 벌금 부과로 자동차 업계 부담이 지속되고 있는 가운데,일부 도심 내 디젤 차량 운행 금지 시행으로 탈 디젤 가속화
* 2019년 2월부터 순차적으로 독일 쾰른(10만 대), 프랑크푸르트(7만 대), 슈투트가르트(6만 대), 에센(4만 대) 등 주요 도시의 도심 내 노후한 모델인 유로4 차량에 이어 유로5 디젤차량 운행이 금지될 예정임.
* 단, 헤센주 행정법원은 2019년 2.1일부터 시행 예정이었던 프랑크푸르트 시내 디젤차량 사용 금지와 관련한 독일 환경보호(Deutsche Umwelthilfe)의 긴급 신청안을 기각, 향후 항소(상고) 절차를 통해 결정할 예정이며, 최종 법정 판결 전까지는 금지 시행 불가,아울러 쾰른과 본 역시 오는 8.1일까지 시행 유보
- 함부르크(2018년 5월, 도심 내 특정 지역)와 슈투트가르트(2019년 1월, 유로 4 이하)에서는 이미 시행 중
자료원: 독일연방통계청, 연방경제에너지부(BMWi), Plattform Industrie 4.0, 독일연방산업협회(BDI), 독일 프라운호퍼 연구소(IAO), 독일자동차클럽(ADAC), Handelsblatt 및 KOTRA 자체 자료 종합.