tergal gland (등의 선), venom gland (독선), Koshevnikov gland (코셰프니코프선), Dufour's gand (두포스 선),
Tarsal glands (검판선 : 瞼板腺), Mandibular gland (하악선), Hypopharyngeal gland (하인두 분비선),
Salivary glands (타액선)
metabolic hormones : fat body (지방체)
neurotransmitters : 신경 전달 물질 - 뇌(DA), CC(OA)
neurohormones : 신경 호르몬 - hemolymph - 혈림프 (혈강체액)
nerve cord : (무척추 동물의) 신경삭(索) (신경 척수)
peripheral organs : 말초기관
trachea : 기관(氣管), 기도(氣道)
Honey bees that are dissected alive often tell the most detailed story. Whenever I want a good picture I make sure to have fresh specimens. I collected this image after dissecting a live bee in Ringer’s solution. Again, notice the size of the crop compared to all of the other organs housed inside the abdomen.
산 채로 해부된 꿀벌은 종종 가장 자세한 이야기를 말해 줍니다. 좋은 그림을 원할 때마다 신선한 표본을 확보해야 합니다.
링거의 용액에서 살아있는 벌을 해부 한 후 이 이미지를 수집했습니다. 다시, 복부 내부에 수용된 다른 모든 장기와 비교하여
밀위(꿀주머니)의 크기를 주목하십시오.
.Posterior section of the worker honey bee alimentary canal and sting... | Download Scientific Diagram (google.com)
일벌의 후부를 절개한 소화관 및 침 Scientific Diagram 다운로드 (google.com)
crop 밀위, midgut 중장, hindgut 후장(後腸), malpighian tubules 배설기관, rectal pad 직장 패드, rectum : 직장
This is an illustration of the "locomotive" part of the vitellogenin protein in honey bees.
이것은 꿀벌에있는 vitellogenin 단백질의 "기관차"부분의 그림이다.
Fig. 1. Phenotypes with different life expectancies emerge through social transfers and resource allocation between siblings (schematic depiction). Protein currency is transferred as jelly, where constituents of the yolk precursor vitellogenin are included.
그림 1. 서로 다른 기대수명을 가진 표현형들은 구성원(형제)간 사회적인 이동과 자원 할당(묘사圖))을 통해 나타난다.
단백질 유통은 젤리로 전달되며, 여기에는 난황 전구체인 비텔로제닌의 성분이 포함된다.
주) 표현형 : 유전자와 환경의 영향에 의해 형성된 생물의 형질
Larvae, callow nest bees (“young”) and mature foragers are among the net receivers of jelly (bold red arrows). Nurse bees, with an intermediate average life expectancy (“survival capacity”, y-axis) constantly produce large amounts of vitellogenin (indicated by the larger green lightning bolts) in their abdominal fat bodies and transfer jelly to the net receivers.
In contrast, the net receivers have low nutrient stores (indicated by smaller filled red circles) and show low levels of vitellogenin production (smaller green lightning bolts). Accordingly, foragers also represent the shortest-lived phenotype that usually dies after some days (y-axis). However, if reverting to nurse tasks (slim red arrow), foragers can recover characteristics of the phenotype with an intermediate survival capacity. When brood load declines in autumn, bees transition to the long-lived winter state (slim blue arrow). While both, nurse and winter bees, have considerable vitellogenin storages (larger filled red circles), winter bees display greatly reduced sib care transfers and outlive nurse bees in summer by several months. These dynamics suggests that vitellogenin is the major currency of honey bee survival.