ECONOMIST COVER TO COVER (4/4회)

[charliek]

READING LEVEL-UP(4/4), JAN, 2007 TERMS & BACKGROUND                                                                 INSTRUCTOR KIM SOO-YEON

Rich man, poor man (p. 11, THE ECONOMIST JANUARY 20^TH 2007)

1. sawyer: 톱질꾼

2. bonanza: You can refer to a sudden great increase in wealth, success, or luck as a bonanza.

3. Beckhamesque: 베컴적인

4. squalor: You can refer to very dirty, unpleasant conditions as squalor.

5. abroad: If there is a story or feeling abroad, people generally know about it or feel it.

6. seize the lion’s share: If a person, group, or project gets the lion's share of something, they get the largest part of it, leaving very little for other people.

7. shuffle (along): If you shuffle around, you move your feet about while standing or you move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.

8. backlash: A backlash against a tendency or recent development in society or politics, is a sudden, strong reaction against it.

9. tie oneself in knots: If you tie yourself in knots, you get very confused and anxious. (INFORMAL)

10. poisonous mix: 죽음의 결합

11. middling (wages): If you describe a quality such as the size of something as middling, you mean that it is average.

12. parcel out: If you parcel out something, you divide it into several parts or amounts and give them to different people.

13. see off: If you see off an opponent, you defeat them. (BRIT)

14. put the horse back in the box: 문제를 없던 것으로 만들다

15. curb: If you curb something, you control it and keep it within limits.

16. hardhearted: unsympathetic, callous, cold, hard, heartless, insensitive, uncaring, unfeeling

17. open season: 수렵 혹은 어렵 허가기간

18. progressive (tax) : 누진세

19. regressive tax: 역진세

Browne out (p.13)

1. encapsulate: To encapsulate particular facts or ideas means to represent all their most important aspects in a very small space or in a single object or event.

2. summon (sympathy): If you summon a quality, you make a great effort to have it.

3. poignant: Something that is poignant affects you deeply and makes you feel sadness or regret.

4. set the tone: to control an atmosphere at a gathering

5. champion: If you champion a person, a cause, or a principle, you support or defend them

6. squash: If you squash something that is causing you trouble, you put a stop to it, often by force.

7. public relations: Public relations is the part of an organization's work that is concerned with obtaining the public's approval for what it does.

8. break ranks: If you say that a member of a group or organization breaks ranks, you mean that they disobey the instructions of their group or organization.

9. trading arm: 계열사

10. price-rigging: If someone rigs an election, a job appointment, or a game, they dishonestly arrange it to get the result they want or to give someone an unfair advantage.

11. pillory: A pillory is a wooden frame with holes for the head and hands. In Europe in former times criminals were sometimes locked in a pillory as a form of punishment.

12. draw a line: If you draw a line between two things, you make a distinction between them.

13. woes: You can refer to someone's problems as their woes.

14. hindsight: Hindsight is the ability to understand and realize something about an event after it has happened, although you did not understand or realize it at the time.

15. setback: A setback is an event that delays your progress or reverses some of the progress that you have made.

16. stretch (sth) thin: If you stretch an amount of something or if it stretches, you make it last longer than it usually would by being careful and not wasting any of it.

17. maturing: When something matures, it reaches a state of complete development.

18. niche: A niche in the market is a specific area of marketing which has its own particular requirements, customers, and products.

Don’t shoot the messenger (p. 14)

1. daft: If you describe a person or their behaviour as daft, you think that they are stupid, impractical, or rather strange. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

2. denounce: If you denounce a person or an action, you criticize them severely and publicly because you feel strongly that they are wrong or evil.

3. interchange: If there is an interchange of ideas or information among a group of people, each person talks about his or her ideas or gives information to the others.

4. double standard: If you accuse a person or institution of applying double standards in their treatment of different groups of people, you mean that they unfairly allow more freedom of behaviour to one group than to another.

5. ratings scheme: 등급제

6. come round: 입장 따위가 선회하다

One less brick in the wall

1. quaint: Something that is quaint is attractive because it is unusual and rather old-fashioned.

2. stint; A stint is a period of time which you spend doing a particular job or activity or working in a particular place.

3. memento: A memento is an object which you keep because it reminds you of a person or a special occasion.

4. emblazon: If something is emblazoned with a design, words, or letters, they are clearly drawn, printed, or sewn on it.

5. deterrent: A deterrent is something that prevents people from doing something by making them afraid of what will happen to them if they do it.

6. hem (something) in: (=caught in) A hem on something such as a piece of clothing is an edge that is folded over and stitched down to prevent threads coming loose.

7. repressive: A repressive government is one that restricts people's freedom and controls them by using force.

8. unruly: If you describe people, especially children, as unruly, you mean that they behave badly and are difficult to control.

9. patch: A patch of land is a small area of land where a particular plant or crop grows.

10. breaking news: 속보

11. run-of-the-mill: A run-of-the-mill person or thing is very ordinary, with no special or interesting features.

12. land-grab: 토지 몰수

13. blight: If something blights your life or your hopes, it damages and spoils them.

14. botch: If you botch something that you are doing, you do it badly or clumsily. (INFORMAL)

15. errant: Errant is used to describe someone whose actions are considered unacceptable or wrong by other people.  For example, an errant husband is unfaithful to his wife. (FORMAL)

16. thuggery: Thuggery is rough, violent behaviour.

17. let-up: If there is no let-up in something, usually something  unpleasant, there is no reduction in the intensity of it.

Spurning an olive branch

1. spurn: If you spurn someone or something, you reject them.

2. olive branch: If you offer an olive branch to someone, you say or do something in order to show that you want to end a disagreement or quarrel.

3. overture: If you make overtures to someone, you behave in a friendly or romantic way towards them. (An overture is a piece of music, often one that is the introduction to an opera or play.)

4. ingratiate oneself with: If someone tries to ingratiate themselves with you, they do things to try and make you like them.

5. have the luxury: A luxury is a pleasure which you do not often have the opportunity to enjoy.

6. rebuff: If you rebuff someone or rebuff a suggestion that they make, you refuse to do what they suggest.

7. inept: If you say that someone is inept, you are criticizing them because they do something with a complete lack of skill.

8. broach: When you broach a subject, especially a sensitive one, you mention it in order to start a discussion on it.

“track two” diplomacy:

공식적인 정치권력 구조(Track I)에서 벋어난 비공식적인 관계를 뜻하며, 역사적으로 충돌되는 그룹간에 관계 개선과 서로의 견해를 이해하는데에 도움을 준다. 이렇게 하므로써, 서로간의 적개심, 긴장과 공포 등을 누그러뜨리며 근본적인 충돌의 해법을 제시한다.

The term 'track two' refers to informal, unofficial interaction outside the formal governmental power structure, providing the means for historically confliction groups to improve communication and gain a better understanding of each other's point of view. In so doing, it reduces anger, fear or tension, and facilitates the resolution of substantive conflicts.

HAMAS: 

이스라엘이 점령하고 있는 가자지구와 웨스트 뱅크 지역에서 활동하고 있는 팔레스타인 과격 테러리스트 단체로, 1987년에 무슬림 형제당(Muslim Brothers)에서 분리되어 창설되었다. 하마스를 조직한 사람은 무슬림 형제당에서 활발히 활동을 했던 아마드 야신(Ahmad Yasin)이며, 1987년 인티파다(Intifada)라고 불리는 팔레스타인 민중봉기가 발생한 후 모습을 나타냈다.

하마스는 이슬람 전통과 혁명사상을 강조하면서 지지세력의 기반을 적극적인 조직활동을 통하여 확대하고 있으며, 실제로 고도로 발달된 행정조직과 같은 형태를 취하고 있다. 하마스는 중앙의 지도부인 3개의 위원회와 조직의 활동분야별로 독립조직형태로서 4개의 하위조직을 두고 있다. 즉 하마스는 웨스트 뱅크 지역에 3명의 지역 책임자를 두고 있으며, 가자지구에 1명의 책임자를 두고 있다. 각 지역마다 지역 책임자의 리더쉽하에 계속적인 세분화된 세포조직 체제를 가지고 있다.

하마스는 군사조직으로 에즈 에딘 알 까삼(Ezz Eddin al-Qassam)를 두고 있는데, 하마스의 모든 테러리즘을 계획하고 자행하는 행동조직이다. 1992년 한해동안 14회의 테러리즘을 자행했으며, 초기에는 칼 등을 이용한 원시적 방법을 사용했으나, 최근에는 정밀한 무기를 사용하거나 차량을 이용한 폭탄공격, 그리고 자살 특공대를 이용한 테러리즘을 저지르고 있다.

이스라엘에 이슬람 팔레스타인 국가(Islamic Palestinian State) 건설이라는 정치적 목표달성을 추구하고 있는 하마스는 1991년 마드리드 중동평화회담을 시발점으로 1993년 워싱턴 중동평화조약등 모든 정치적 협상에 반대하고 있고, 협상에 적극적인 PLO 지도자에 대한 공격도 서슴지 않고 있다.

하마스는 이란과 사우디 아라비아로부터 재정적 지원을 받고 있으며, 팔레스타인 문제에 대해 동정적인 여론이 형성되어 있는 북미와 유럽지역의 국가들에서 정치적 선전을 통해 자금모집활동을 전개하고 있는 것으로 알려지고 있다.

이스라엘 정보

인구: 6.352,117명

인구 구성: 유대족:80.1% 비유대계:19.9% 유대교:80.1% 무슬림::15.9% 아랍기독교:1.7% 기타기독교:0.4% Druze교: 1.6%

무교:3.9%

공식언어: 히브리어 아랍어 영어가 대부분 사용됨

 Druze:

The Golan Heights: A History of Israeli Aggression (By Sheldon L. Richman)

As the prospects of a Middle East peace conference inched toward realization and the "land-for-peace" principle moved to center stage, Israel's apologists in the United States launched an effort to persuade the American public that asking Israel to give up the occupied territories was like asking it to commit suicide. The territories, we are told repeatedly, were taken in self-defense after the Arabs launched an aggressive war in 1967. Therefore, Israel has no obligation to return them, since its very survival is at stake.

This argument is pressed most vigorously in the case of the Golan Heights, which until the Six-Day War of June 1967 were part of Syria. William Safire of The New York Times took the standard Israeli line when he wrote in July that the Golan Heights were "so often used as the launching site of attacks on Israel, and won from Syria after its 1967 aggression." Other examples could be given. According to this line, the peaceful farmers of nonthreatening low-lying kibbutzim were continually shelled by bloodthirsty Syrians from the Golan's strategic vantage point. Israel had no choice but to seize the property. Returning it would only invite future repetition of the aggression.

In the shadow of prosperity (p. 30)

1. bluegrass music: Bluegrass is a style of fast folk music that began in the Southern United States.

2. top-up: A top-up loan or payment is added to an amount of money in order to bring it up to a required level.

3. food banks: A food bank is a place where food, typically non-perishable goods (and sometimes frozen perishable goods such as meats or concentrated juices), are offered to nonprofit agencies for distribution to people in need of food for free or at very low prices (or in exchange for volunteer work).

4. trade-displaced workers: 국제 무역으로 인해 실직한 근로자들

5. social safety net: 사회안전망 (사회복지체제)

6. “offshore”: (문맥에서) “일자리를 다른 국가로 이전하다”

7. “flexicurity”: flexible+security (노동 시장의 유연성과 사회 복지 체제의 결합)

The great unraveling (p. 32)

1. bullock (carts): A bullock is a young bull that has been castrated.

2. forecourt: The forecourt of a large building or petrol station is the open area at the front of it. (mainly BRIT)

3. exalted: If you feel exalted, you feel full of great joy and happiness. (FORMAL)

4. timorous: If you describe someone as timorous, you mean that they are frightened and nervous of other people and situations. (LITERARY)

5. sink wells: If someone sinks a well, mine, or other large hole, they make a deep hole in the ground, usually by digging or drilling.

6. counterveiling tariff: 보조를 받은 상품은 외국시장에서 유리한 입장에 서게 되며, 이러한 사실이 명백할 때 상계관세가 발동하게 된다. 결국 상계관세란 외국의 산업장려정책이나 수출촉진정책에 입각한 부당한 경쟁으로부터 국내산업을 보호하기 위하여 부과된다.

7. yarn: Yarn is thread used for knitting or making cloth.

8. in the abstract: When you talk or think about something in the abstract, you talk or think about it in a general way, rather than considering particular things or events.

9. onerous: If you describe a task as onerous, you dislike having to do it because you find it difficult or unpleasant. (FORMAL)

[황보윤]

여기와서 이코노미스트 사다가 이거보면서 공부했어요.선생님 3월에 뵈요+_+ 자료들 너무 감사합니다.^^

[charliek]

그랬구나. 잘 이용해서 다음 달에는 실력이 부쩍 늘어서 나타나길 기대해.^^