7.1 분사 구문
분사 구문의 정의 : 부사절을 부사구로 변환한 것
부사절 : 접 + 주 + 동 .. , 주 + 동 .. . As I am tired, I went to bed early last night.
부사절( 종속절 ) 주절 복문( 부사절 + 주절 )
부사구 : 접/ + 주/ + 동/ .. , 주 + 동 .. . Being tired, I went to bed early last night.
R+ing .. , 주 + 동 .. . 분사 구문
( 부사구 )
분사 구문의 의미
시간 ( ~할 때 )
Walking along the street, he met an old friend of mine.
= While he walked along the street, he met an old friend of mine.
이유, 원인 ( ~이므로 )
Not knowing what to do, I asked for his advice. ( 준동사의 부정은 준동사 바로 앞에 )
= As I didn't know what to do, I asked for his advice.
조건 ( ~한다면 )
Turning to the right, you will find the house.
= If you turn to the right, you will find the house.
양보 ( 비록 ~한다 할지라도 )
Admitting what you say, I still don't believe it.
= Though I admit what you say, I still don't believe it.
부대상황
동시 동작 : while, as ; ~하면서
Smiling brightly, she extended her hand.
= While she smiled brightly, she extended her hand.
Walking on tiptoe, I approached the window.
연속 동작 : ~, and + 동사 ; 그리고 ~하다
We started in the morning arriving in Seoul at noon.
= We started in the morning, and arrived in Seoul at noon.
분사 구문의 시제 : 분사구문도 의미상 동사이므로 시제를 갖는다
단순 분사 구문
Living in the country, I am very health.
= As I live in the country. I am very healthy.
Living in the country, I was very healthy.
= As I lived in the country, I was very healthy.
완료 분사 구문
Having finished my work, I have nothing to do.
= As I have finished ( finished ) my work, I have nothing to do.
Having written my letter, I posted it.
= After I had written my letter, I posted it.
독립 분사 구문 : 분사구문의 의미상의 주어가 따로 있는 경우
시간 The sun having set, we gave up looking for them.
= After the sun had set, we gave up looking for them.
이유 It being fine, we went for a walk.
= As it was fine, we went for a walk.
조건 We shall start tomorrow, weather permitting.
= We shall start tomorrow, if ( the ) weather permits.
부대상황 He was reading a book, his wife knitting beside him.
= He was reading a book, and his wife knitting beside him.
접속사의 생략 : 접속사의 의미의 혼동을 방지하기 위해 접속사를 남겨둘 수 있다
While bathing in the river, he was drowned.
즉, Bathing in the river를 As he bathed in the river로의 오역을 막기 위해 While을 두었다
비인칭 독립 분사 구문 : 분사구문의 의미상의 주어가 막연한 일반인을 나타낼 땐 생략
Generally speaking, our country lacks natural resources.
= If we speak generally, our country lacks natural resources.
Strictly speaking, he is not an artist.
= If we speak strictly, he is not an artist.
Being, Having been의 생략
( Being ) Angry at my words, he made no reply.
= As he was angry at my words, he made no reply.
Dinner ( being ) over, he went out for a walk.
= When dinner was over, he went out for a walk.
( Being ) Given a letter from E.T, 소영 got angry. - 수동 분사 구문
= As 소영 was given a letter from 거북이, she got angry.
( Having been ) Born in better times, he would have been a great scholar. - 수동 분사 구문
= If he had been born in better times, he would have been a great scholar.
with + 목적어 + 분사 ( 부대상황 ) ⇒ 생생한 묘사적 효과
with + 목적어 + 현재분사 ( 목적어의 능동적 행동 )
He sat silently, and the cat was dozing at his feet.
= He sat silently, the cat dozing at his feet.
= He sat silently, with the cat dozing at his feet.
It was a mistry morning, with little wind blowing.
= It was a mistry morning and little wind was blowing. → 여기에서 with를 뺀다면 little wind blowing은 독립 분사 구문
with + 목적어 + 과거분사 ( 목적어의 수동적 행동 )
He stood there, and he closed his eyes.
= He stood there, closing his eyes.
= He stood there, and his eyes were closed by him.
= He stood there, his eyes ( being ) closed ( by him ).
= He stood there, with his eyes closed.
With an eye bandaged, I could not write properly.
with + 목적어 + 부사( 구 )
I shall be lonely with you away. ( 당신이 멀리 떠나버린다면 )
with his feet on the pillow ( 두 다리를 베게 위에 올려놓은 채 )
with his head against a cushion ( 머리를 방석 위에 기댄 채 )
with + 목적어 + 형용사
Don't speak with your mouth full. ( 입에 음식을 가득 넣은 채 )