제1장.上經(상경) 21訓(훈) 157事(사)
Chapter 1. Upper Classic : 21 Teachings, 157 Deeds.
제2 강령 信(신).....믿음.....第55事
The 2nd Principles : Trust(Shin)... Faith... The 55th Deed.
제1단 義(의)......마땅히 해야 할 일을 실행함......第56事
The 1st Stage : Righteousness(Ui)... Executing what must rightfully be done... the 56th Deed.
제 2부 公廉(공렴)..... 청렴하고 치우치지 않음 ..... 第58사.
part 2 : Fairness & Integrity(Gong-ryeom)... Being incorruptible and unbiased... The 58th Deed.
公(공)은 치우치지 않음이며 廉(염)은 깨끗함이다.
Fairness (公,공) means being unbiased,
and Integrity(廉,염) means being clean and pure.
공평하게 일을 맡아 주관하면 좋아하고 미워함이 없게 된다.
When one tkes charge of and manages affairs with fairness,
personal favoritism and hatred cease to exist.
깨끗한 마음으로 물건을 대하면 사리사욕이 없어진다.
When one deals with material thing with aclean heart,
personal greed and selfish desires disappear.
좋아하고 미워함이 없으면 사람들은 의로움에 감복하고 사리사욕이 없으면
사람들은 그 깨끗한 마음을 믿게 된다.
If one is free from favoritism and hatred,
people will be deeply moved by their righteousness,
if one is free from selfish desires, people will come to trust their pure heart.
[Original Classical Text & Pronunciation,원문]
公은 不偏也요 廉은 潔也라 (공은 불편야요 염은 경야라)
Fairness(公,공) means not being biased, and Integrity(廉,염) means being pure.
(Note : The Korean phonetic guide text contains a minor typo,
"경야라" should read "결야라" based on the Hanja 潔,경)
公以視事면 無愛憎하고 (공이시사면 무애증하고)
If one oversees and manages affairs with fairness,
there is no personal favoritism or hatred.
廉以接物이면 無利慾이니 (염이접물이면 무리욕이니)
If one interacts with material things with integrity,
their is no desire for personal gain.
無愛憎이면 人服其義하고 (무애증이면 인복기의하고)
When there is no favoritism or hatred,
people will willingly submit to and admire one′s righteousness.
無利慾이면 人信其潔이니라. (무리욕이면 인신기결이니라.)
When there is no desire for personal gain,
people will place their absolute trust in one′s purity.
[ Philosophical Commentary,풀이]
公(공)은 私(사)의대비 개념이다.
The Public/ fairness(公,공) is a concept in contrast to the Private/ Selfishness(私,사).
公(공)은 곧 理(이)이며 無(무)이며 空(공)으로서
불변하는 것으로서 모든 私(사)의 중심이 되는 것이다.
Fairness is Principle(Li), Nothingness(Mu), and Emptiness(Emptiness/ Sunyata),
as an immutable reality, it serves as the center of all private matters.
私(사)는 氣(기)이며 有(유)이며 色(색)으로 필변하는 것이다.
Selfishness is Energy(Qi), Existence(Yu), and Form(Rupa/ Matter),
it is destined to change constantly.
이 세상의 불변하는 가치는 善(선)하고, 깨끗하고(淸,청), 厚(후)한 것이다.
The immutable values of this world are goodness,
clarity/ purity(淸,청), and magnanimity / Generosity(厚,후).
그리고 시시각각 변하여 종잡을 수 없는 가치는 사리사욕이다.
On the other hand, the values that change from moment to moment
and remain completely unpredictable are personal greed and selfish desires.